Experiences with domestic waste treatment and co-processing of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) Legal framework, quality assurance and acceptance Athens, June 4th, 2008 Dr. Hubert Baier Member of the Management/ CCO 1
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 2
3
4
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 5
Sites of German mechanical-biological treating plants (MBT) MBT: public/ PPP MBT: private Σ: 50 MBT Input: 5,7 mio.t solid waste 200 km 6
Sites of German Cement works Σ: 61 cement works Cap.: 24,9 mio.t clinker therm. demand: 82,2 mio GJ 200 km 7
Fuel type and consumption of the German cement industry other fossil fuels petcoke 10 6 GJ/a lignite secondary fuels hard coal 8
Substitution rate of thermal demand (VDZ 2007) 9
Development of the energy input for selected waste fuels (VDZ 2004) SRF from of industrial and domestic waste mio GJ/a Meat and bone meal, animal fat Waste tyres Waste oil total: ca. 2 mio. t/a 10
Alternative fuels (examples) Solid Liquid Gaseous alternative fuels alternative fuels alternative fuels e.g. e.g. e.g. Paper waste Tar Landfill gas Textile waste Acid sludge Pyrolysis gas Carpet waste Waste oil Plastic waste Petrochemical waste Rubber waste Varnish residues Waste tyres Chemical waste Fuller earth Waste solvents Waste wood Distillation residues Fractions of domestic waste Wax suspensions Sewage sludge Asphalt sludge Meat and bone meal Oil sludge 12
Life Cycle of cement and concrete Emissions Cement plants Concrete plants Building Raw materials Fuels Clinker burning process Clinker Cement grinding Production of concrete Aggregates Use Leaching Deposition / Recycling Leaching Sulphate carriers other main components Additions Admixtures 13
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 14
German Legal Framework # 1993 Ban of dumping with the Statutory Regulation for Sanitary Landfilling upto 2005 # 1999 Registration of the Federal Association for Quality Assurance of Secondary Fuels and Recycling Wood # 2003 Implementation of EU Directive 76/2000/EC for Incineration and Co-Incineration of Waste # launched by implementation of legal and sublegal guidelines on federal and state level 15
Climate Protection with limiting CO 2 -emisson 16
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 17
Composition of municipal waste input (System investigation) miscellaneous 32% glas 2% metal 5% textiles 6% paper/ cardboard 9% plastic/ synthetics 13% wood (incl. furnitures) 18% organic 15% 18
19
Mass flow of a MBT appr. 16 % remains for sanitary landfilling 20
Types of Solid Recovered Fuel, tailormade for co-incineration 21
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 22
Automatic sampling system for SRF 23
Correlations of trace elements 600 30000 500 25000 manganese ppm DM 400 300 200 100 R 2 = 0,2026 copper ppm DM 20000 15000 10000 5000 R 2 = -0,0065 0 0 10 20 30 40 ash content w.-% 0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 chlorine w.-% 24
Copper content of SRF after treating (Serie of measurements 2003 2005) 25
950 1.000 >1000 Copper content of SRF after treating (Serie of measurements 2003 2005) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 neovis GmbH & Co. KG, Mecklenbecker mg/kg (TR) Str. 229, D-48163 Münster Median BA 1 Median BA 2 Median BA 3 Messwerte BA 1 Messwerte BA 2 Messwerte BA 3 26 Anzahl - 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900
Parameter Methode Dimension Calorific value DIN EN 51900 kj/kg OS Ash DIN 51719 % TS Chlorine (Cl) DIN EN 24260 + DIN EN ISO 10304-2 % OS Sulphur (S) DIN EN 24260 + DIN EN ISO 10304-2 % OS Cadmium (Cd) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Thallium (Tl) DIN EN 38406 E6 mg/kg TS Mercury (Hg) DIN EN 1483 mg/kg TS Antimony (Sb) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Arsenic (As) DIN EN 11969 mg/kg TS Lead (Pb) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Chromium (Cr) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Cobalt (Co) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Copper (Cu) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Manganese (Mn) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Nickelum (Ni) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Vanadium (V) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Tin (Sn) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Beryllium (Be) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS Selenic (Se) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg TS PET-Bottle 04-020-082 20.800 1,3 0 < 0,1 0,20 < 0,4 < 0,20 220 < 1,0 < 1,0 3,8 27 23 4,2 1 < 1,0 < 3 < 0,20 < 1,0 27
Content of trace elements (median values) Output values vs. approved input values for co-incineration 28
Trace element inventory standardized to heat value lignite (blue) and SRF (red) in mg/kj 100,0000 Cd Tl Hg Sb As Pb Cr Co Cu Mn Ni V Zn Be Se Te 10,0000 1,0000 [mg/kj] 0,1000 0,0100 0,0010 0,0001 0,0000 29
Content Introduction Concept of Co-Incineration Legal Frameworks Implementation Quality Assurance Important minor matters 30
Chlorine content of SRF after treating (Serie of measurements 2003 2005) 3,0 2,5 2,0 [wt.-% DS] 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 period Chlor Median 31
Parameter Methode Dimension Calorific value DIN EN 51900 kj/kg OS Ash DIN 51719 % DS Chlorine (Cl) DIN EN 24260 + DIN EN ISO 10304-2 % OS Fluorine (F) DIN EN 24260 + DIN EN ISO 10304-2 % OS Sulphur (S) DIN EN 24260 + DIN EN ISO 10304-2 % OS Cadmium (Cd) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Thallium (Tl) DIN EN 38406 E26 mg/kg DS Mercury (Hg) DIN EN 1483 mg/kg DS Antimony (Sb) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Arsenic (As) DIN EN 11969 mg/kg DS Lead (Pb) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Chromium (Cr) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Cobalt (Co) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Copper (Cu) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Manganese (Mn) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Nickel (Ni) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Vanadium (V) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Tin (Sn) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Beryllium (Be) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Selenic (Se) DIN EN ISO 11885 mg/kg DS Tellurium (Te) DIN 38406 E6 mg/kg DS Toy 02/008/002 25.100 0,8 32 < 0,04 < 0,1 0,44 < 0,4 < 0,20 50 < 1,0 1.500 270 < 1,0 3,5 1,0 < 1,0 < 1,0 < 3 < 0,20 < 1,0 < 0,4 32
Input control with a portable Scanner 33 Stand 01/04
SRF input vs. chlorine content (chlorine concentration in the kiln = constant) 34
Feeding places in a preheater rotary kiln to raw mill and EP 300-350 C fine ground lime (raw meal) preheater fuel rotary kiln 2000 C fuel fuel clinker cooler cement clinker 35
Kiln burner-systems Rockteq (ready for use) Pillard (ready for use) 36 Stand 01/04
Flame spreading in a rotary kiln. 37
Rate of descent in air of SRF (Baier 2004) 30,0 25,0 20,0 0,45 0,4 0,35 0,3 mass distr.% "ECO30" (shreddered) mass distr.% "ECO30" follow-up treated (heavy fraction de-loaded, 10mm pelletized) mass w.-% 15,0 0,25 0,2 density t/m 3 density t/m3 "ECO30" follow-up treated (heavy fraction de-loaded, 10mm pelletized) 10,0 0,15 0,1 density t/m3 "ECO30" (geshreddered) 5,0 0,05 everage density: 0,145 t/m 3 0,0 0 everage density: 0,085 t/m 3 < 1,5 1,5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 veloctiy of descent m/s 38 Stand 01/04
Total results of Investigation Solid recovered fuels (SRF) composition is comparable with coal or lignite SRF-treating could be realized technological and ecological SRF-utilisation in cement kilns has no influence on emissions and product regarding toxicological values no impact is observed 39 Stand 09/03
Total results of the investigation avoidance of additional CO 2 and CH 4 emissions contribution for the reduction of the greenhouse effect less consumption of dumping places indulgence of resources positive effect on national investment and operating cost (sustainability) 40
Summary 41
Summary MBT & Co-Incineration are parts of a complex system, which only works, if -acceptance is born on all parties involved -incinerators and co-incinerators are permitted due to the same level -wild dumping is banned and -law enforcement is carried out strictly! 42
Σας ευχαριστούμε! 43