State Action Plans, Aviation Emissions and Airports ICAO Regional Workshop on State Action Plans Mexico City, Mexico 2-4 May 2011 Iñaki Ascacibar Martinez Operations Director Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico (GAP)
Outline of This Presentation Background on State Actions Plans Airport and GHG Emissions Mitigation of Aircraft Emissions at Airports Mitigation of Non-Aircraft Emissions at Airports Case Studies
ICAO State Action Plans ICAO Assembly Resolution A37/19 Basket of Measures for reducing emissions from International Civil Aviation technology, alternative fuels, operational efficiency, economic and regulatory measures. Global Aspirational Goals on 2% average annual efficiency improvement and carbon neutral growth for International Civil Aviation State Action Plans submission to ICAO by mid-2012
Airports and GHG Emissions 1. Aviation Emissions Aircraft engine emissions during LTO, taxiing and queuing APU emissions 2. Airport Operator Emissions Airport power plant, generating electricity and heat/cooling Airport fleet vehicles, including transfer buses and site machinery Building energy use lighting, HVAC, machinery 3. Other Airport-Related Emissions Ground Service and Ground Handling equipment Landside (off site) ground access vehicles, trains
Airports and GHG Emissions 1. Aviation Emissions Aircraft engine emissions during LTO, taxiing and queuing APU emissions 2. Airport Operator Emissions Airport power plant, generating electricity and heat Airport fleet vehicles, including transfer buses and site machinery Building energy use lighting, HVAC, machinery 3. Other Airport-Related Emissions Most Ground Service and Ground Handling equipment Landside (off site) ground access vehicles, trains
Airports and GHG Emissions 1. Aviation Emissions Aircraft engine emissions during LTO, taxiing and queuing APU emissions 2. Airport Operator Emissions Airport power plant, generating electricity and heat Airport fleet vehicles, including transfer buses and site machinery Building energy use lighting, HVAC, machinery 3. Other Airport-Related Emissions Most Ground Service and Ground Handling equipment Landside (off site) ground access vehicles, trains
1. Aviation Emissions Sources at Airports Aircraft engines Holding before approach Approach and Landing Taxiing and Queuing Take-off and Initial Climb Non engine Auxiliary Power Units (APU)
Mitigation of Aircraft Emissions at Airports Approach, Landing and Departure Provide sufficient airport and terminal capacity to minimise holding and queuing Air Traffic Management (ATM) efficiencies Continuous Descent and Continuous Climb Operations Slot management so that schedules do not exceed capacity Departure management Collaborative Decision Making and virtual queuing Arrival management maximising gate availability
Case Study - Zurich Advanced Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) Information and decision sharing between airport, airlines, ATC & ground handlers. Optimises the complete airside process including runway and taxiway use, off-block and start-up time. Capacity enhancement by 1 or 2 additional peak hour departures 35% LTO NOx savings Reduced queuing saves 1.2 t fuel per year
Mitigation of Aircraft APU Emissions Provide (and enforce) 400Hz fixed electrical ground power (FEGP) and pre-conditioned air (PCA) to aircraft at terminal gates Ground power units (GPU) at remote stands Encourage or enforce usage possibly using timerestrictions on aircraft APU operation Ducting for Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) widely used many countries
Reducing Aircraft Taxiing Emissions Provide efficient taxiway and airport layout Single-engine taxiing Aircraft towing Case study - Hamburg Airport Advance Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) New ground radar system for taxiways and aprons Improved guidance for taxiing aircraft. Up to 10% reduction in taxiing fuel usage
2. Airport Operator GHG Emissions Terminal Power/Heating Plant and emergency generators Electricity use (offsite GHG generation) Airport maintenance/landscaping Airport Vehicles and Activities Airport fleet vehicles Site maintenance Landscaping, snow removal Fire training Other Construction Corporate Travel
Energy Efficiency Terminals and Vehicles Reduce Electricity Use Energy efficient buildings and lighting Energy efficient operations Reduce Fuel Use Modernize power/heating plants Fleet vehicle modernization and use of alternative fuels/hybrid/electric Driver education and no-idling policy Generate electricity from renewable sources Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass
Case Study - Vancouver 100 Solar panel hot water heaters 3200 litres/hr LED (light emitting diodes) installed on taxiways Terminal exterior and interior lighting replacements 30% reduction in use of Natural Gas since 2001.
Case Study La Palma, Spain First airport in Spain with wind generator for terminal s needs Remote island location 2 x 660 kw wind generators Annual reduction of 1800 tonnes CO2
3. Other Non-Aircraft Activities Airside Vehicles and Activities Ground Service and Ground Handling Vehicles (Airline) Passenger Transfer buses Landside Vehicles Ground Access Vehicles (GAV)
Infrastructure for non petrol/diesel vehicle Infrastructure for petrol alternatives including charging station, alternative fuels and staff bicycle facilities Rapid re-charging station at Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW)
Sourcing sustainable renewable fuels Purchase and on-site provision of alternatives to fossil fuels Purchase of electricity from renewable sources xxx
Electrification of GSE Electric aircraft tug Electric baggage tractor
Novel Technology Compressed air vehicles zero emissions at vehicle Schiphol Amsterdam/ KLM
Improving Ground Transport Enhance public transport services buses and trains Hotel and car rental shuttle bus consolidation Quito, Ecuador electric buses in dedicated lanes Shuttle bus consolidation
Mitigation of Ground Transport Emissions Preferential taxi queue for Eco taxi Preferential parking for green vehicles Projects at Stockholm Arlanda (ARN)
ACI Guidance Manual on Airport GHG Management Definitions Aviation/Airport emissions Scopes 1, 2, 3A and 3B Drivers Voluntary or Regulatory Inventory Complete, categorized, calculated Goal Setting Airport and non-airport operator sources Measures to reduce GHG emissions Offsetting and achieving Carbon Neutrality Reviewing, Reporting and Certification www.aci.aero/environment
Airport Carbon Accreditation Voluntary ACI scheme for airports to gain certification of achievements in GHG emissions management Four levels of achievement 1: Inventory (Scopes 1, 2 and some 3) 2: Reduction of emissions (Scopes 1 and 2) 3: Optimisation involving stakeholders (Scope 3A) 3+: Offsetting and Carbon Neutrality (Scopes 1, 2 and some 3A) www.airportcarbonaccreditation.org (Expanding beyond Europe in 2012)
Gracias Thank you Iñaki Ascacibar Martinez Operations Director Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico (GAP) Also contact: Xavier Oh Senior Manager Environment Airports Council International xoh@aci.aero