Low Emissions Towns and Cities Programme Developing a Low Emissions Strategy for the West Midlands IAPSC 1 st December 2015 Andrew Whittles, Low Emission Strategies Ltd
Content Recap of the LETCP Overview of work streams Low Emission Strategy Good Practice Planning Guidance Good Practice Procurement Guidance Low Emissions Zone Technical Feasibility Study
Aims of the Low Emission Towns & Cities Programme Produce a Low Emissions Strategy to improve air quality through a reduction in vehicle emissions Ensure an integrated policy approach Share best practice Encourage Partnership working Exploit economic development advantages
Why the LETCP? Road transport largest contributor to local air pollution Premature deaths and respiratory illnesses linked to air pollution 122,000 people are affected by poor air quality in WM Outside London, West Midlands has worst Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) problems in the UK 6 local authorities declared Air Quality Management Areas exceed NO 2 limit values UK in breach of the EU Air Quality (NO 2 ) Limit Values Significant fines could be imposed upon local authorities
Low Emissions Strategy Led by Walsall Council Overarching strategy Raise awareness of health impacts Accelerate the uptake of cleaner fuels and technologies Best Practice Guidance: Planning & Procurement Low Emission Zone Feasibility Study Promote inward investment & Low Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Updated as LETCP work progresses
Raising Awareness of Health Impacts
LES Ltd Low Emission Strategies Percentage of Deaths Attributable to PM2.5 (Defra 2012)
Numbers of deaths, asthmatic children with bronchitic symptoms and respiratory hospital admissions attributable to nitrogen dioxide pollution under the business as usual case Deaths per year attributable to nitrogen dioxide air pollution Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in asthmatic children Respiratory hospital admissions per year 2011 2018 2026 Base Reduction 2011 2018 2026 2011 2018 2026 Birmingham 371 175 59 9,055 0 525 873 774 648 563 Coventry 70 21 4 2,209 0 101 164 200 171 152 Dudley 72 21 3 2,239 0 101 166 195 166 148 Sandwell 147 71 22 2,411 0 155 252 231 191 165 Solihull 62 24 7 1,516 0 80 130 138 116 102 Walsall 107 43 10 2,091 0 133 215 193 158 136 Wolverhampt on 78 29 7 1,800 0 90 147 165 139 123 West Midlands metropolitan districts 906 383 112 21,322-1,184 1,946 1,896 1,589 1,388
Best Practice Planning Guidance Led by Dudley MBC Simplified assessment criteria to deal with AQ in the planning system Sets out guidance on mitigation measures to be delivered through land-use planning in line with NPPF Uses Damage Costs to evaluate scale & kind of mitigation to make major schemes acceptable Provides clarity & certainty for developers and helps LA resource
LES Ltd Low Emission Strategies
Mitigation and Compensation Development Type Minor Medium Major Assessment Required None (other than for exposure) None (other than for exposure) Full AQ Assessment in line with Council Guidance, including evaluation of emission and concentration changes Mitigation Type 1 - Type 1 and 2 - Type 1 and 2 Type 3 LES Ltd Low Emission Strategies Compensation
Type 1 EV Recharging Standards LES Ltd Low Emission Strategies Residential Commercial/Retail Industrial Provision Rate 1 charging point per unit (house with dedicated parking) 10% of parking spaces (this may be phased with 5% provision initially and a further 5% trigger) 10% of parking spaces (this may be phased with 5% provision initially and a further 5% trigger) 1 charging point per 10 spaces (unallocated parking) To prepare for increased demand in future years, appropriate cable provision for increased provision should be included in scheme design and development in agreement with the local authority Where Travel Plans are required, recommended EV re-charging provision should be detailed within them, including future proofing through the provision of cabling...
Damage Cost Calculation LES Ltd Low Emission Strategies Road Transport Emission Increase = [Estimated trip rate for 5 years X Emission rate per 10 km per vehicle type X Damage costs]
Damage Cost Example
Best Practice Procurement GuidanceLES Ltd Low Emission Strategies -Led by Coventry City Council - Public sector procures 14b vehicles & travel - Policies & measures to adopt Social Value and sustainable procurement principles - Promote ULEV fleets - Whole life costing / total cost of ownership - Provide examples of best practice in West Midlands
Whole Life Costs
Social Value / Sustainable Procurement Tender Evaluation SCORE SCORE STANDARDS 5 Excellent answer Can evidence vehicle emission reduction activity, considering NOx, NO2, PM & CO2, and, using reasonable endeavours, will use vehicles (including NRMM) that comply with the latest European Emission Standard (Euro Standard) and include some vehicles that are classified as low or ultra low emission vehicles to deliver the contract 4 Good answer Can evidence vehicle emission reduction activity, considering NOx, NO2, PM & CO2, and, using reasonable endeavours, will use vehicles (including NRMM) that comply with the latest Euro Standard to deliver the contract 3 Acceptable answer Can evidence vehicle emission reduction activity, considering NOx, NO2, PM & CO2, and, using reasonable endeavours, will use a mix of vehicles (including NRMM), some that comply with the latest Euro Standard with the remainder complying with the previous Euro Standard, to deliver the contract 2 Poor answer Can provide a commitment to vehicle emission standards for NOx, NO2, PM & CO2 (including NRMM) but may fall below the current or previous Euro Standard to deliver the contract 1 Very poor answer Information may be provided but cannot commit to a reasonable vehicle emission standard to deliver the contract 0 No answer given No information provided
Taxi Licensing
TCO comparison of TX4 and New Metrocab 30,000 Estimated total cost of ownership comparison 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 - TCO for 1 yr (no depr) Metrocab TX4 (used) TX4 (new) TCO for 3 yrs (inc depr)
/year /year Emissions cost comparisons Taxi emissions damage cost comparison Taxi emissions damage cost comparison 600.00 700.00 500.00 600.00 400.00 500.00 300.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 200.00 100.00 100.00 - Nox damage /yr PM damage /yr CO2 damage /yr Total emissions damage - Nox damage /yr PM damage /yr CO2 damage /yr Total emissions damage Evalia taxi E7 taxi (used Euro 5) E7 taxi (new Euro 6) Metrocab TX4 (used) TX4 (new)
Buses
NOx (kg/year) PM (kg/year) Relative emissions of buses per Euro Standard and Euro III retrofit Yearly bus emissions (50,000 miles/year) 1200 25 1000 985 19.5 20 800 827 15 600 577 10 400 200 4.7 5.4 41 2.2 75 0.5 5 0 III IV V (SCR) III + SCRT VI Euro standard 0
ULEV Infrastructure
UK regions 2015 vs 2014 year-to-date registrations by growth (Plug-in Car Grant) UK region 2015 year-to-date registrations 2014 year-to-date registrations % Change South West 478 92 420% East 2126 422 404% South 3088 679 355% Wales 351 100 251% East Yorkshire/Lincolnshire 145 44 230% Yorkshire 872 273 219% West Midlands 2034 657 210% Northern Ireland 253 82 209% North West 956 311 207% East Midlands 346 113 206% London 2505 826 203% South East 336 117 187% North East And Cumbria 576 221 161% West 330 129 156% Scotland 715 314 128%
Low Emissions Zone Technical Study Led by Birmingham City Council Assess impact of local transport measures that encourage uptake cleaner vehicle technology To improve air quality and prevent deterioration Consider - economic costs /benefits - health impact assessments - enforcement
Low Emissions Zone Technical Study Scenarios 4. M6 / M6 Toll 7. A454 Corridor 6. A459/457 Corridor 3. Bearwood Road 5. Ball Hill 2. A458 / A456 Corridor 1. Birmingham City Centre
Low Emissions Zone Technical Study Abatement costs (thousands) avoided and implementation and operating cost in Birmingham City Centre Vehicle Measure Benefits Costs Variance Rank Cost benefit Retrofit SCR 1,266 6,510-5,244 4 Buses EuroVI 6,423 17,270-10,847 5 Compressed Natural Gas Euro VI 6,505-760 7,265 2 Cars Euro 6 diesel 3,823 61,610-57,787 7 Taxis LPG 8,678-3,690 12,368 1 LGV Euro 6 diesel 602 35,510-34,908 6 HGV Euro VI 285 3,520-3,235 3
Low Emissions Zone Technical Study Scenario 3: Bearwood Road
Low Emissions Zone Technical Study Scenario 4: M6/M6 Toll
Issues: M6 (through WM) heavily traffic every weekday, especially at peak hours Parallel M6 Toll road significantly under utilised Necessity of installation of Active Traffic Management to improve vehicle flows Hypothesis: The pollutant burden is carried by WM LA s at a direct cost to health and the local health service and congestion is impacting on the local economy
M6 / A38M
Abatement costs avoided and costs associated with diverting M6 through traffic onto the M6 toll road Route Diverted through traffic Benefits Costs Variance Rank M6 Northbound 12 M6 Southbound All 7 M 42 Northbound 8 M 42 Southbound 9 M6 Northbound 11 M6 Southbound Diesel 10 M 42 Northbound 5 M 42 Southbound 6 M6 Northbound 4 M6 Southbound Diesel < Euro 6/VI 3 M 42 Northbound 1 M 42 Southbound 2 * This analysis was undertaken prior to the 2015 IGCB update
Information www.walsall.gov.uk/low_emissions_towns_and_cities_programme