INSTRUCTION : This section consists of SIX (6) structured questions. Answer any FOUR (4) only.

SECTION A : 100 MARKS BAHAGIAN A : 100 MARKAH INSTRUCTION : This section consists of SIX (6) structured questions. Answer any FOUR (4) only. ARAHAN : Bahagian ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan struktur. Jawab mana-mana EMPAT (4) sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 (a) Valves come in many shapes and types. It is widely used in numerous applications. Based on your understanding, define a valve. Injap wujud dalam pelbagai bentuk dan saiz. Ianya digunakan secara meluas di dalam pelbagai applikasi. Berdasarkan pemahaman anda, berikan definisi Injap. (b) There are many types of valve used to control the fluids flow. Gate valve is the most widely used for this purpose in industrial piping. Draw a symbol of the gate valve and specify the principle of operation together with its applications. Terdapat banyak jenis injap digunakan untuk mengawal aliran bendalir. Injap Pintu merupakan injap yang paling banyak digunakan dalam sistem perpaipan industri bagi tujuan pengawalan bendalir. Lukiskan simbol injap pintu dan nyatakan prinsip kendaliannya beserta dengan aplikasinya. [10 Marks] [10 Markah] (c) State the differences between dynamic seal and static seal. Nyatakan perbezaan antara kedapan dinamik dan statik. (d) Describe FOUR (4) purposes of joint in piping. Terangkan EMPAT (4) tujuan penyambungan dalam perpaipan. 2 SULIT

QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 (a) State THREE (3) examples of furnace usage in petrochemical industry. Berikan TIGA (3) contoh kegunaan relau di dalam industri petrokimian. (b) A heat exchanger is equipment built for efficient heat transfer. Explain briefly the principal of operation of a heat exchanger. Penukar Haba adalah alat yang dicipta untuk proses pemindahan haba yang efisien. Terangkan secara ringkas prinsip pengoperasian penukar haba. (c) Specify FOUR (4) advantages possessed by the hairpin heat exchangers compared to another types. Nyatakan EMPAT (4) kelebihan penukar haba jenis pin rambut dibandingkan dengan jenis yang lain. (d) Sketch and label THREE (3) types of flow in the shell and tube heat exchanger. Lakar dan labelkan TIGA (3) jenis aliran di dalam penukar haba jenis shell and tube. [9 Marks] [9 Markah] 3 SULIT

QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 (a) Define pump, and state THREE (3) of their basic functions. Berikan definisi pam, dan berikan TIGA (3) fungsi asasnya. (b) i. Pumps can be classified into two main groups. Name these TWO (2) main groups. Pam boleh dikelaskan kepada dua kumpulan utama. Namakan DUA (2) kumpulan tersebut. [2 Marks] [2 Markah] ii. There are a few criteria need to be considered in designing a pump. Name TWO (2) of them. Terdapat beberapa kriteria yang perlu dipertimbangkan apabila merekabentuk pam. Namakan DUA (2) daripadanya. (c) Differentiate between a positive displacement pump and a centrifugal pump in term of their principle of operation. Bezakan pam anjakan positif dan juga pam empar dari segi prinsip kendalian. (d) In general, the components of the centrifugal pumps are classified into two main groups. Name these groups and their specific components. Secara umum, komponen pam empar boleh dikelaskan kepada dua kumpulan. Namakan kumpulan tersebut dan komponen-komponennya. 4 SULIT

QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 (a) Compressors are classified into physical and operational arrangements. Explain the purposes of these arrangements? Pemampat dikelaskan kepada aturan fizikal dan juga pengoperasian. Terangkan tujuan dilakukan pengkelasan ini. (b) State FOUR (4) operational arrangements and FOUR (4) physical arrangements of compressors. Nyatakan EMPAT (4) aturan pengoperasian dan EMPAT (4) aturan fizikal bagi pemampat. (c) There are several important purposes of compressor, describe any FOUR (4) of them. Terdapat beberapa fungsi penting bagi pemampat. Nyatakan EMPAT (4) daripadanya. (d) Define a compressor and how does it work. Berikan definisi pemampat dan prinsip kendaliannya. 5 SULIT

QUESTION 5 SOALAN 5 (a) State THREE (3) differences between a diesel combustion engine and a petrol combustion engine. Nyatakan TIGA (3) perbezaan diantara enjin pembakaran diesel dan juga enjin pembakaran petrol. (b) Explain briefly the principles of the two stroke petrol engine. Terangkan dengan ringkas prinsip kendalian sebuah enjin petrol dua lejang. (c) What is defined by internal combustion engine? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan enjin pembakaran dalam? [2 Marks] [2 Markah] (d) Describe the differences between the external and internal combustion engine. Jelaskan perbezaan diantara enjin pembakaran dalam dan juga enjin pembakaran luar. (e) Figure 5.e Figure 5.e above showing one of important auxiliary system Liquid Cooling System. Explain how this system works. Rajah 5.e diatas menunjukkan salah satu system tambahan yang penting Sistem Penyejukan Cecair. Terangkan bagaimana sistem ini berfungsi. 6 SULIT

QUESTION 6 SOALAN 6 (a) State THREE (3) basic components of a gas turbine. Berikan TIGA (3) komponen asas sebuah turbin gas (b) i. Describe FOUR (4) types of a steam turbine. Nyatakan EMPAT (4) jenis turbin stim. ii. State THREE (3) advantages and THREE (3) disadvantages of Steam Turbine. Senaraikan TIGA (3) kelebihan dan dan TIGA (3) kekurangan Turbin Stim. (c) A reaction turbine is moved by THREE (3) main forces. List down these forces. Turbin tindak-balas dipacu oleh TIGA (3) jenis daya utama. Senaraikan daya tersebut. (d) Figure 6.d Figure 6.d above shows the basic diagram of a turbo expander. Explain briefly the process that takes place in the diagram above. Rajah 6.d diatas menunjukkan rajah sebuah Pengembang Turbo asas. Terangkan dengan ringkas proses yang berlaku pada rajah diatas. (e) State THREE (3) conditions in selecting a turbo expander process cycle. Nyatakan TIGA (3) syarat dalam memilih proses kitaran pengembang turbo. SOALAN TAMAT 7 SULIT