Products Standardization in Oil & Gas Sector in India Dr (Smt) Vijay Malik, Scientist E & Head (PCD) Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi, India.
Introduction Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), works under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India. BIS has been entrusted the job of formulation of National Standards under an Act of Parliament.
Activities of BIS Formulation of National Standards Certification Schemes Product Certification Hall Marking of Gold Jewellery Imported Goods Certification ECO Mark Scheme Quality System Certification (IS/ISO 9001) Environmental Management System Certification (IS/ISO 14001) Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP) Certification (IS 15000:1998) Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS) Certification (IS 18001:2000) Training Services Information Services Laboratory Services
Formulation of National Standards Indian Standards are formulated in a transparent manner through a consensus process by the Technical Committees comprising of experts from all concerned areas such as Consumers, Producers/ Manufacturers, R&D Centres, NGOs, Regulatory Bodies etc. The Bureau has published over 18000 standards so far.
Is it mandatory for all manufacturers to adopt Indian Standards? Adoption of Indian Standards is generally voluntary in nature and their implementation depends on adoption by concerned parties. An Indian Standard becomes binding if it is stipulated in a contract, referred to in a legislation or made mandatory by specific orders by the Central or State Governments.
Status of Implementation of Indian Standards on Petrol & Diesel Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has adopted Indian Standards on Motor gasoline and diesel in the country through a Govt. Gazette notification Compliance to Indian Standards on these products is mandatory but taking ISI Mark is not.
International Activities BIS is a founder Member of ISO and continues to take active part in International Standardization. BIS is also a member of Technical Management Board (TMB). BIS is a Participating P-Member of 61 Technical Committees of ISO. BIS holds secretariat responsibilities of 8 Technical Committees including subcommittees. Besides, BIS Functions as the National Enquiry Point for WTO-TBT as nominated by the Ministry of Commerce, the dealing Ministry with WTO.
Harmonization of Standards Currently there is no mechanism in place to collect and disseminate standards in Asia, for example Fuel standards. Socio economic differences in Asia are large and will not allow for harmonization in the short term. Also within countries, there are considerable regional differences.
Harmonization of Standards Contd Harmonization has four stages 1) Information sharing 2) Debating harmonization 3) Deciding on harmonization and 4) Implementation of standards. The current pattern in India is to duplicate European emission standards and related fuel standards.
Harmonization of Standards Harmonization can mean having the same goal but different time schedules to reach the common goal. Awareness raising and consensus building on the advantages and disadvantages of harmonization are very important. Certain countries, like India have strict standards for specific hot spots rather than same standards at entire National Level. There could be a concern that harmonization of standards may become reason for watering down standards in some part of the world.
Indian Standards on Petroleum Sector Indian Standards in the area of petroleum, coal and related products are formulated through following Sectional Committees : Methods of Measurement and Test for Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Lubricants, PC 1 Petroleum, Lubricants & Their Related Products, PC 3
Fuels Standards Development A close knit set up of Technical Committees is in practice in BIS Systems approach being followed in setting and reviewing fuel standards by the technical committee with sound understanding of the impact of fuel on emissions, Health Impacts and the economic costs, financial impact for producer, distributor and consumer including the linkage with vehicle standards and engine technology. Involvement of different stakeholders such as Govt., Private Sector, academia and Civil Society to avoid polarization.
Fuel Standards Development Parameters that need regulation in Motor gasoline are Lead, Sulphur, Reid Vapour Pressure, Benzene, Aromatics and Olefins (Though there are 22 requirements) For Diesel, these include Sulphur, Distillation recovery, Density, flash point and Cetane Number. (Though there are 22 requirements)
Fuel Standards Development While laying standards for Motor Gasoline and Diesel, the affordability, availability and cost factors, all have been taken into consideration. Compliance to emission norms set is not much problem in new vehicles, however difficulty of implementation is mainly in old vehicles
Indian Standards on Petroleum Products Motor gasoline, diesel,bio-diesel and others
Important Indian Standards under PCD 3 IS 1460:2005 Diesel Fuels Specification (Fifth Revision) IS 2796:2008 Motor Gasoline Specification (Fourth Revision) IS 15607:2005 Bio-diesel (B100)blend stock for diesel fuel- Specification
IS 1460:2005 DIESEL FUELS - SPECIFICATION This Indian Standard was first published in 1959 and subsequently revised in 1968, 1974, 1995, 2000 and 2005. In the present version, specification for high speed diesel fuel for the vehicles meeting Bharat Stage III ( EURO III equivalent) Emission norms have been covered while retaining requirements for Bharat Stage II as well.
IS 1460:2005 DIESEL FUELS - SPECIFICATION Provision of blending of bio-diesel up to 5% (v/v) with High Speed Diesel (HSD) has been made in the standard.
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 (Bharat Stage III) with Overseas Standards Requirement India EN USA Calfor. Brazil WFC Categor y 1 ASTM Cetane Number, Min 51 51 48 42 48 40 Cetane Index, Min. 46 46 40 45 45 40 Density at 820-15 C, kg/m 3 845 820-845 820-870 820-880 820-860 - Viscosity at 40 C, cst, Max. 2.0-4.5 2.0-4.5 2.0-4.1 - - 4.1 Cont..
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 with Overseas Standards Requirement India EN USA Calf or. Distillation, Min T50 - - 243-293 Brazil 245-310 WFC ASTM - - T85-350 370 - - T90-282- 321-370 338 Cont..
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 with Overseas Standards Requirements India EN USA Calfrn. Brazil WFC ASTM Distillation, Min T95 360 C 360 C - - - End point C - - 304-349 - - - Total acidity, mg KOH/g, Max To report - - - - - Cont..
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 with Overseas Standards Requirement India EN USA Sulphur, ppm, max. Total aromatics, Vol %, Max Flash point, C, Min. Brazil WFC ASTM Calfrn. 350 350 500 2000 5000 500 - - 10 - - - 35 55 54-55 52 Carbon residue 10%, wt %, Max. 0.3 0.3 0.15 0.25 0.3 -
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 with Overseas Standards Requirements India EN USA Calfrn. Brazil WFC AST M Cold Filter Plugging point, C, Max. 6(W) /18(S) (-)44-(-)20 - - - - PAH,% by mass, max 11 1.1 1.4 - - - Pour point C, Max. 3(W) /15(S) - - - - - Cloud pt. C, Max. - (-)34-(-)10-0.05-0
Comparison of IS 1460:2005 with Overseas Standards Requirem ents Water, mg/kg Max Total Sediment mg/100ml, max ASH % (wt%) max India EN USA Calfrn. Brazil WFC AST M 200 240 - - 500 - - - - - - - 0.01 0.01 0.01-0.01 -
IS 2796:2008 MOTOR GASOLINE - (Fourth Revision) This Indian Standard was first published in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1971,1995, 2000 and 2008. In the present version two grades of unleaded motor gasoline such as BS II and BS III complying with respective emission norms have been covered. In order to meet stricter emission norms (Bharat Stage IV / Euro IV) envisaged in future, quality requirement for motor gasoline have been given to provide sufficient lead time to refineries so that major process changes can be carried out.» contd.
IS 2796:2008 MOTOR GASOLINE - SPECIFICATION 5% Ethanol blending in motor gasoline has been implemented. Provision of 10% Ethanol Blending in motor gasoline (E10) has been made. Requirements for protection of engines in view of blending with organic oxygenates such as alcohol and ethers have been made by making addition of anti-oxidants and MFA mandatory for E10.
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 (Bharat Stage III) with Overseas Standards Requiremen ts India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM MON, Min 81/85 85 - - 85 - RON, Min 91/95 95 89/96 80 95 - (MON+RO N)/2, Min Density at 15 C, Kg/m 3 - - - - - 87/89/ 91 720-775 720-775 783-715- 770 -..Cont..
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (Contd.) India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM RVP@38 C, kpa, Max *For ethanol blended 60/ (67) * 45-100 44-78 45-62 45-105 54-103 Distillation 70 C, Max 10-45 - - - - - 100 C, Max 40-70 - 70 70 45-50-70
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requireme nts India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Distillation (Contd.) 150 C 75-75 80-130 77-100 110-121 185-190 180 C - - 180 190 130-175 Final 210 210 220 220 195 225 Boiling Point C,..cont..
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requireme nts India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Residue, vol %, Max Driveability, Index Anti-knock index, Min Oxidation stability, Minutes 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - 550-570 - - - - - - 360 - >240 - - - 1200-1250
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requirements India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Vapour lock index (VLI) summer/ other * For ethanol blended 750(900*)/ 950(1050*) 1050-1250 Lead g/l, max 0.005 0.005 No detect ion Sulphur, % mg/kg, max - - - - 0.005 0.013 150 150 10 1200/ 500-1000 1000
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requirements India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Engine intake system cleanliness Benzene vol %, max Aromatics, vol %, Max Report MFA used 1 1.0 <1.0 2.7/2.0 1.0-42 42 - - 35 - Olefins, vol %, Max 21/18 21/ 18 20-10 -..cont..
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requirements India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Oxygen, % by mass, Max Existent gum g/m 3, Max Potential gum g/m 3 Max Copper Strip Corrosion for 3h at 50 C 2.7 2.7 <1.3 0-2.0 2.7-40 - <5mg/1 - - - 00ml - - - - - - Class 1(Not more than 1) - <1 - - -.cont..
Comparison of IS 2796:2008 with Overseas Standards (contd.) Requirements India EN Japan Brazil WFC ASTM Water tolerance of gasoline-alcohol blends, temp. for phase separation, C, Max a) Summer 10 - - - - - b) Winter 0 - - - - -
Bio-diesel Bio-diesel in India is made from non-edible vegetable oil (Jatropha Curcas and Pongamia Pinnata ( Honge or Karanja ) plants) through trans-esterification. A standard has been laid down for biodiesel (B100) blend stock for diesel fuel vide IS 15607:2005 for usage only for blending up to 5% in conventional diesel.
Alternative Fuels India has made a beginning to implement fuel switching mostly for public transport vehicles in capital: buses, taxis and three wheelers. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are most important alternate fuels.
Alternative Fuels IS 14861:2000 Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) for Automotive Purposes Under Preparation Doc: PCD 3(2370) Compressed Natural Gas for Automotive Purposes Doc: PCD 3(2372)/ISO 15403:2006 Natural Gas Natural Gas for use as a Compressed fuel for Vehicles Part 1 Designation of the quality Doc. PCD 3 (2373)/ISO 15403-2 :2006 Part 2 Specification of the Quality
How to see List of published Indian Standards on Petroleum Products List of Indian Standards published so far in the field of petroleum& Lubricants can be seen at www.bis.org.in First click to Programme of Work from web page, then go to Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Department. Refer to list of Indian Standards pertaining to PC1 and PC3 For any queries mail to pcd@bis.org.in
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