ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 6, Issue 9, Sep 2015, pp. 94-101, Article ID: IJMET_06_09_009 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtypeijmet&vtype=6&itype=9 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 IAEME Publication ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT Rajeev Kumar Sharma General Manager in JBM Group Faridabad, Haryana, India, Sohail Bux Head of the Department in Mechanical Engineering, AGNOS College of Technology, RKDF University Bhopal, India V. K. Sethi Vice -Chancellor of RKDF University Bhopal. India A. C. Tiwari Professor and Head in Department of Mechanical Engineering RGPV Bhopal, India ABSTRACT Solar PV cell is directly convert solar radiation in to electricity by photovoltaic effect. Grid-connected PV systems always have a connection to the public electricity grid via a suitable inverter because a PV module delivers only DC power. This Paper Presents the Design Performance Analysis of a 100KW Grid Connected solar roof top PV plant. The experimental results is obtained from software in two months in year 2015 are given. The panels are situated at the top of the L Shape administrative building of RKDF University Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. This experiment shows a reduction of energy consumption and gives support to grid in night time and the whole system is pollution free. Key words: Solar Energy, Solar PV panels, Off Grid, Inverter, Net Metering and Roof Top area. Cite this Article: Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari, Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp. 94-101. http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=6&itype=9 I. INTRODUCTION India face energy crisis and growth rate needs to gain 9 to 10 percent.india receives 300-330 days of solar radiation whole year and used this is useful for power generation in ground and rooftop solar plant. Roof top plant is available in different range starting from KW to MW depending on the space available on roof of the http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 94 editor@iaeme.com

Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant commercial building or residential building and condition of the roof of building. Solar Panels is directly converted solar radiation into DC Power. This DC Power is converted into AC Power with the help of solar inverter and excess power is feed to local grid. In cloudy season power is taken from grid and connected by net metering system. The main objective of present paper is to present a design of 100 KW rooftop solar PV power systems for without battery support. The data is taken in tabular form software of two months and show the performance curves of rooftop solar plant. Figure 1 Grid Connected Solar Roof Top Plan 1.1. ADVANTAGES OF OFF GRID SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT. Have access to power continuously all the time. Not having any scheduled or unscheduled power cuts. No dependency on diesel The quality of this power is superior to the regular grid power. Investment against increasing fuel and grid charges. 1.2. APPLICATION OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT IN DIFFERENT FIELD Hospitals. Educational institutions. Government offices. Commercial buildings. Petrol pumps. Construction companies. Water pumps. 1.3. SALIENT FEATURES OF OFF-GRID ROOF TOP SYSTEM: Low and optimum maintenance cost. Stable supply of power increases the overall efficiency of electronic components Can effectively manage usage of power based on requirements through smart electronics. Batteries designed for longer life. Minimum power loss with effectively designed DC cables and Junction boxes. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 95 editor@iaeme.com

Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari 2. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT Government of India launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in January 2010 with a view to accelerate development and promotion of solar energy technologies in the country in this mission Central and state government gives subsidy and loan of installing solar roof top plant and encourage the people of advantages, tariff, metering system and grid integration of RTPV. MNRE has brought out pilot scheme to promote grid connected roof top PV solar PV systems with a view through generate feedback and further promotion in India. Role of State Governments after the MNRE, State Governments have to decide the tariff system, feed- in - tariff system or net metering system. For encouragement, State government may give option for both tariff, net metering system (State government may offer additional subsidy other than MNRE) or feed -in -tariff system. Connectivity of these projects to the grid also has to be in accordance with the prevailing CEA guidelines or policy by the State regulators/ DISCOMs. 3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT 3.1. Solar Array India falls in Earth's tropical belt and is blessed with an average in solation of 4-7 kwh/ m2/ day. A solar panel (photovoltaic module) is a packaged, linked group of photovoltaic cells and it is used as a component of a rooftop system to generate and supply DC electricity. We have selected 100 kilowatts panels for our project. Figure 1 Solar roof top Panels 3.1. Junction Box An electrical junction box is a connecting box for solar PV modules for series and parallel electrical connections, usually designed to conceal them from view and tampering. A small metal or plastic connection box may form part of an electrical conduit wiring system in a building, or may be covered in the plaster of a wall, hidden behind an access panel or spread into concrete with only the lid showing. It also includes terminals for combining cables. Figure 2 Solar Junction Box http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 96 editor@iaeme.com

Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant 3.3. Inverter (Power Conditioning Unit) The Power Conditioning Units (PCU) used in grid connects SPV systems consists of an Inverter and other electronics for Maximum peak power tracking (MPPT), Synchronization and remote monitoring. The inverter is the most complicated part of the PV system. It has to behave as the interface between the PV array and the Grid. As the PV array output fluctuates with the solar radiation the inverter has to cope with the same. The major functions carried out by the PCU are as Change the incoming DC received from PV modules into AC with suitable power quality, The Inverter creates sinusoidal AC waves forms with low harmonic distortion, the inverter also has to act as a protective device of the system and It requires tripping out if the voltage, current or frequencies go beyond acceptable ranges. We used three delta solar inverter installed in a room situated at first floor of the university building. Figure.2 Solar Inverter 3.3. Manual/Automatic disconnect switch It is an automatically/manually operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It s main function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting linkage, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. This switch is installed in inverter room of university building. 3.4. Step-up transformer The output from the inverters require a further step-up in voltage to reach the AC grid voltage level. This is the default case with our PV power plant installation, where the Low Tension (LT) infrastructure cannot handle the amount of power which may be generated by the rooftop plant. The step up transformer receives the output from the inverters to the required 11 kv grid voltage. 3.5. Grid connection interface In our large rooftop solar PV plants the electricity is generally used for the administrative building and remaining excess shall be exported to the grid network 11 kv voltage level. This interface is usually termed. 3.6. Protection and Controls Inverter shall be provided with islanding protection to isolate it from the grid in case of no supply, under voltage and over voltage conditions so that in no case there is any chance of accident, PV systems shall be provided with adequate rating fuses, fuses on inverter input side (DC) as well as output side (AC) side for overload and short circuit protection and disconnecting switches to isolate the DC and AC system for http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 97 editor@iaeme.com

Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari maintenances are needed. Fuses of adequate rating shall also be provided in each solar array module to protect them against short circuit. Table 1 Broad Specifications of 100 KW Roof Top Grid Connected Solar PV Plant. 1 Average Generation Per Day 500 KWh 2 Annual Generation 1.5 Lac Units 3 Carbon Foot Print Reduction 136 Tonnes CO2 Per Annum 4 No Of Solar Panels 339 5 Capacity Of Solar Panels 295 Watts 6 Roof Top Area 1980 Sq m 7 Net Metering MP Electricity Commission Bhopal Table 2 Power Generation in May Month of 100 KW Roof Top Plant Sr No Date Generation KWh 1 04/05/2015 453 2 05/05/2015 460 3 06/05/2015 475 4 07/05/2015 471 5 08/05/2015 449 6 09/05/2015 450 7 10/05/2015 464 8 11/05/2015 464 9 12/05/2015 454 10 13/05/2015 410 11 14/05/2015 255 12 15/05/2015 411 13 16/05/2015 Modification Work Carried Out 14 17/05/2015 Modification Work Carried Out 15 18/05/2015 550 16 19/05/2015 527 17 20/05/2015 550 18 21/05/2015 503 19 22/05/2015 502 20 23/05/2015 500 21 26/05/2015 484 22 27/05/2015 497 23 28/05/2015 503 24 29/05/2015 516 25 30/05/2015 456 http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 98 editor@iaeme.com

4/6/2015 5/6/2015 6/6/2015 7/6/2015 8/6/2015 9/6/2015 10/6/2015 11/6/2015 12/6/2015 13/6/2015 14/6/2015 15/6/2015 16/6/2015 17/06/2015 18/06/2015 19/06/2015 20/06/2015 21/06/2015 22/06/2015 23/06/2015 24/06/2015 25/06/2015 26/06/2015 27/06/2015 Power Generation in KWh Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Power Genertion in KWh in May 2015 Date/Month/Year Table 3 Power Generation in June Month of 100 KW Roof Top Solar Power Plant Sr No Date Power Generation (KWh) 1 01/06/2015 462 2 02/05/2015 437 3 03/06/2015 506 4 04/06/2015 520 5 05/06/2015 499 6 06/06/2015 400 7 07/06/2015 450 8 08/06/2015 488 9 09/06/2015 490 10 10/06/2015 480 11 11/06/2015 450 12 12/06/2015 213 13 13/06/2015 230 14 14/06/2015 235 15 15/06/2015 440 16 16/06/2015 450 17 17/06/2015 430 18 18/06/2015 375 19 19/06/2015 320 20 20/06/2015 400 21 21/06/2015 328 22 22/06/2015 380 23 23/06/2015 160 24 24/06/2015 300 25 25/06/2015 280 26 26/06/2015 367 27 27/06/2015 408 28 28/06/2015 500 29 29/06/2015 350 30 30/06/2015 310 http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 99 editor@iaeme.com

1/6/2015 2/5/2015 3/6/2015 4/6/2015 5/6/2015 6/6/2015 7/6/2015 8/6/2015 9/6/2015 10/6/2015 11/6/2015 12/6/2015 13/06/2015 14/06/2015 15/06/2015 16/06/2015 17/06/2015 18/06/2015 19/06/2015 20/06/2015 21/06/2015 22/06/2015 23/06/2015 24/06/2015 25/06/2015 26/06/2015 27/06/2015 28/06/2015 29/06/2015 Power Generation in KWh Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari Power Generation in KWh in June 2015 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Day/Month/Year 4. CONCLUSION Residential and rooftop PV will involve millions of household for generation of electricity; it will create entrepreneurship and jobs to millions, looking to above factors, encouragement and motivation is needed for adoption of residential rooftop PV in India. The life of solar roof top plant is about 25-30 years with less maintaince and pollution free than conventional system. The Central and State Government need to come forward for providing capital subsidies, generation based incentive and arranging soft loans. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Rajeev Kumar Sharma would like to thank the RKDF University authorities to share the important data required for the system studies and research in the field of Mechanical Engineering and Solar Energy engineering. REFERENCES [1] S.Saha, V.P.Sundarsingh, Novel grid-connected photovoltaic inverter, IEEE Proc- Gener. Transm. Distrib. 143(2), March 1996. [2] Hui Shen, Ji-Ping Zhou, Ya Sun, Sheng-Yong Ye, Hai-Meng Ju and Jian Sun, Study on Water Model of Solar Energy and Vacuum Glass Grain Drying Equipment. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(5), 2014, pp. 91-98. [3] Roger Gule., Juliano De Pellegrin Pacheco., Hélio Leães Hey.; Johninson Imhoff, A Maximum Power Point Tracking System With Parallel Connection for PV Stand-Alone Applications, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, (55) 7 July 2008,. 2674-2683. [4] S. Bhattacharjee, D. Debbarma, S. Sharma.; A.Das, Performance of a Grid- Interactive Rooftop Photovoltaic System with Battery Storage, International Journal of Energy, 1(2), 2008. [5] S. N. Singh, A. K. Singh, Optimal Design of a Cost Effective Solar Home Power System - An Alternative Solution To DG For Grid Deprived Rural India, International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 2(1), January 2010. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 100 editor@iaeme.com

Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant [6] Sidramappa Shivashankar Dharane, Use of Wind and Solar Energy for Vehicles. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(8), 2014, pp. 57 59 [7] India Solar Compass-January 2014, journal published on India Solar Market by Bridge to India-www.bridgetoindia.com. [8] Development of Financial Model of Bankable Feasibility Analysis of a 1MW Rooftop Solar PV Project in India, a project report by Abhishek Chaudary-under NPTI (National Power Training Institute). [9] Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Phase II Policy Document Dec 2012. [10] Grid Interactive Roof Top Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant, At Sewa Bhavan, R.K.Puram, New Delhi, Detailed Project Report For Grid Interactive Roof Top Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant At Sewa Bhawan, Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi. [11] Pravin N. Gajbhiye and Rupesh S.Shelke, Solar Energy Concentration Techniques in Flat Plate Collector. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 2012, pp. 450-458. [12] MNRE, Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India, New Delhi, India2010.www.mnre.gov.in. [13] A. Singh. A market for renewable energy credits in the Indian power sector, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(3), 2009, pp 643 652. http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 101 editor@iaeme.com