Introduction. TBSI Opening Ceremony. Scott Moura

Introduction TBSI Opening Ceremony Scott Moura Assistant Professor ecal Director Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Civil & Environmental Engineering University of California, Berkeley TBSI Opening Ceremony Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 1

About me... Professor Scott Moura Postdoc - UC San Diego PhD Mechanical Engineering - University of Michigan MS Mechanical Engineering - University of Michigan BS Mechanical Engineering - UC Berkeley Research Interests: Control Systems, Estimation, Energy Storage, Electric Vehicles, Smart Grid Selected Honors: Hellman Fellow, American Control Conference Best Student Paper Award (as advisor), UC Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow, NSF Graduate Research Fellow, ProQuest Distinguished Dissertation Award, Distinguished Leadership Award Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 2

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Vision for Future Energy Infrastructure Energy Resources and Generation Transmission & Distribution Building Systems Exhaustible Resources Distributed Generation Electrified Transportation Energy Storage Renewable Resources Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 4

Cyber Physical Systems Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 5

Outline 1 STORAGE: Electrochemical-based Battery Controls 2 BUILDINGS/MICROGRIDS: Predictive Energy Management 3 EVs+GRID: Vehicle-Grid Integration Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 6

The Battery Problem Needs: Cheap, high energy/power, fast charge, long life Reality: Expensive, conservatively design/operated, die too quickly EV Batts Some Motivating Facts 1000 USD / kwh (2010) 485 USD / kwh (2012) 125 USD / kwh for parity to IC engine Only 50-80% of available capacity is used Range anxiety inhibits adoption Lifetime risks caused by fast charging Two Solutions Design better batteries Make current batteries better (materials science & chemistry) (estimation and control) Source: MIT Technology Review, The Electric Car is Here to Stay. (2013) Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 7

Battery Models Equivalent Circuit Model Electrochemical Model (a) OCV-R 0 - x L - 0 sep L sep L + 0 + (b) OCV-R-RC Anode Separator Cathode (c) Impedance e - c s- (r) Li + c s+ (r) e - - c ss + c ss r r Li x C 6 c e (x) Li 1-x MO 2 Electrolyte Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 8

Operate Batteries at their Physical Limits Terminal Voltage ECM-based limits of operation Cell Current Overpotential Electrochemical model-based limits of operation ECM-based limits of operation Surface concentration Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 9

Optimized Balanced Rapid Charging 4 (a) 3.6 (b) C rate 3.5 Voltage [V] 3.5 3.4 Temperature [ C] 3 0 5 10 15 Time [min] 40 (c) 35 30 Core Surface 25 0 5 10 15 Time [min] SOC [%] 3.3 0 5 10 15 Time [min] 90 55 (d) 100 SOH [%] 20 99.994 0 5 10 15 Time [min] Figure: OPTIMIZATION RESULT FOR BALANCED CHARGE (β = 0.05): (a) C-RATE, (b) TERMINAL VOLTAGE, (c) CORE & SURFACE TEMPERATURES, AND (d) SOC/SOH. Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 10

Battery-in-the-Loop Test Facility 611 Davis Hall Measurements: I, V, T Battery Cycler Li-ion Battery Cells Microcontroller w/ ECC CAN bus Advanced Charge Cycle Estimates: concentrations, overpotentials, etc. Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 11

Residential Buildings with Photovoltaics & Batteries Photovoltaic Arrays Cloud with information, algorithms... Load Demand Controller & Converters Utility Grid (a) Battery Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 13

Single-Family Home Energy Patterns in LA ElectricityiLoadiHkWY 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 HourlyiLoad DailyiLoad MonthlyiLoad YeariAverage 1 0.5 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Month Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 14

Single-Family Home Energy Patterns in LA Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 14

Smart Home Demonstration Project @ UC Davis Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 15

The Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) Problem Needs: Integrate renewables AND enhance resilience/sustainability Obstacle: Unprecedented constraints and demands on grid Some Interesting Facts Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) Potentially dispatchable loads carbitrage opportunity Firm variable renewables The Punchline Exploit flexibility of PEV charging to enhance efficiency across infrastructures Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 17

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PEV Energy Storage: How much, when, and where? Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 20

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Coupled Transportation-Energy Networks Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 22

Thanks to our Funding Organizations Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 23

Our Team at UC Berkeley Dr. Xiaosong Hu Eric Burger Scott Moura Hector Perez ecal TBSI Dr. Satadru Dey Caroline Le Floch TBSI Opening Ceremony Chao Sun (BIT) Eric Munsing Laurel Dunn September 1, 2015 Slide 24

VISIT US! Energy, Controls, and Applications Lab (ecal) ecal.berkeley.edu smoura@berkeley.edu Scott Moura ecal TBSI TBSI Opening Ceremony September 1, 2015 Slide 25