Case studies of resource aggregation, V2G (Vehicle-to-grid) and others October 5 th, 2017 Session: Managing Energy Demand and Supply ICEF Kazuyuki Takada Director, Planning Division, Technology Strategy Center Former Director, Smart Community Department NEDO
Viewpoints until today High rate of RE causes instability of the grid. Energy storages and DR solutions would be efficient for the grid stability. DR solutions may take place in large consumers first and would necessarily include retailing consumers. It would be meaningful if we have a lot of case studies that share a variety of use of DR available equipment in certain regional characteristics.
NEDO Smart Community projects Niedersachsen, Germany Lib & NAS battery Lisbon, Portugal DR solutions using HVAC North Poland Grid stabilization at transmission level California, US Redox-Flow Battery California, US Inter-City EV Charging Infrastructure Ontario, Canada Speyer, Germany Self energy Supplied houses with HEMS. Utility owned PCS with battery for rooftop PV Manchester, UK DR solutions using Hot Water Supply New Mexico, US Microgrids (Distribution, Building, houses) Lyon, France Positive Energy Building, EV sharing, Energy Audits $ Areal energy management Hawaii, US DR solutions using EV, Smart Inverter, etc. Malaga, Spain Inner-City EV Charging Infrastructure Slovenia Plural Distribution Management System Haryana, India AMI & Distribution Automation Putrajaya, Malaysia EV Bus Suryacipta, Indonesia UPS for Industrial park 3
NEDO project in Manchester, UK 550 households with Hot Water Supply (Heat Pump) DR solution using integrated platform of hot water supply 4
NEDO project in Oshawa, Ontario Utility Owned hybrid-pcs with battery storage for roof-top PV Resilience against winter season outage PV Module Color Liquid Cristal Monitor Sensing Equipment Hybrid Inverter Battery Unit Smart Meter Current Sensor Switch Box Back Up Switch Box 5
Smart Grid Demonstration Project in Maui Island of Hawaii State(JUMP Smart Maui) This project aims to demonstrate a clean energy model for island by developing a management system to schedule EV charging and discharging in order to solve overload on system equipment, frequency disturbance, and output instability which are becoming apparent issues recently. Implementation Period: FY 2011 to FY 2016 6
Shifting EV loads 提供 : 日立製作所
V2X 1) V2H/VPP 2) Strategic allocation for EV charging place
Smart Grid Demonstration Project in Maui Island of Hawaii State(JUMP Smart Maui) Charging and discharging of EV in V2G Program EV charging time is shifting from peak demand hours (18:00-21:00) to midnight, and EVs discharge during peak demand hours (18:00-21:00) to supply electricity. Charge/Discharge results on average (Oct. ~ Jan. vs Sept.) 9
Smart Grid Demonstration Project in Maui Island of Hawaii State(JUMP Smart Maui) Result of estimation of effectiveness of EV as an energy resource During peak hours, 14% to 31% of the entire EVs can be used as an effective energy resource. Discharge (peak hours) Charge (nighttime) Charge (daytime) Discharge (early afternoon) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Capacity with which an EV can Actual connection Remaining be considered effective to be as condition (%) in SoC in the an energy resource (for 80 EVs) the demonstration demonstration (A) (B) (C) 80 Output per EV-PCS Ratio of (D) to the total capacity of 80 EVs 6.0 kw 27-41% 50-75% 67-149 kw 14.0-31.0% 5.4 kw 28-43% 30-70% 36-130 kw 8.3-30.1% 5.4 kw 8-11% 20-35% 9-17 kw 2.1-3.9% 6.0 kw 9-20% 70-80% 30-77 kw 6.3-16.0% 10
Lessons learned and next step 16 projects have been implemented since 2009 It is identified that DR solution is efficient which includes a lot of end user s load such as home energy system, electric vehicle and so on. It seems that distributed energy resources(der) at home can be used remotely as aggregated resources like cloud. The next step will be to achieve overall optimization by, Self-stabilized energy system rather than system for grid stability Realizing community that shares sense of value rather than individual satisfaction 11
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) such as PV, battery, etc. will be From grid standing point Majority rather than Minority Option to choose rather than must absorption From consumer standing point Representing individual sense of values Engaging community participation that shares sense of values 12
About P2P model Ride sharing Not taxi driver but general people takes visitor to requested place by using general people s owned car. Every coordination is made by Apps that figure out nearest drivers and visitors. It is said that Ride sharing model will replace Taxi industries P2P model in power sector utility
Key model for DR/VPP platform Concept level of DC Bus idea- < DER at home that are capable to contribute to the service for grid stability > Current home system Each DER needs each PCS A lot of loss occurs due to plural AC/DC conversion DC PCS DC/AC PCS DC/AC AC Panelboard PCS DC/AC Grid Potential home system that include integrated PCS Interface module between DER Mitigate loss caused by AC/DC conversion Visualized self energy consumption Simplify for DR/VPP servicer to remotely control Tool for retailer to schedule balancing DC DC AC LOSS:10% LOSS:5% LOSS:23% AC/ DC DC/ AC Communication/ Control Panelboard Each DER needs each PCS DC base platform that is connected to DER DC/ AC HP DC/DC D C/ D C D C/ D C DC Com Module DC/DC Inverter API for Control Grid
Summary Distributed energy resource aggregation will be major business approaches rather than concentrated large scale power generation development Power market will face reformation mode due to termination of FIT as well as higher penetration of RE It seems that utility s business model under distribution level will be dramatically changed such as increase of Prosumers, P2P model and so on. NEDO projects should cover and test those potential business model and available technology by following dramatic change worldwide in this field.