Grid Operations & Planning R&D Area Overview Daniel Brooks Speaker s Job Title Sept 2016 Advisory Committee 2016 Sept 19: Hollywood, FL
Grid Operations & Planning R&D Area at a Glance Grid Operations Advanced Operator Visualization Alarm Management Synchrophasor Applications Operating Limit Assessment VAr/Voltage Management & Control System Restoration Support Grid Planning Modeling & Model Validation System Protection Risk-Based Planning Contingency Screening Cascading Event Analysis Special Studies (GMD, TOV, etc.) Market Operations Market Design Market Software Implementation Price Formation Bulk Renewables Integration Energy, Ancillary Services, FTRs, Capacity Modeling & Protection Flexibility Planning Op Tools for Variability & Uncertainty Voltage & Frequency DER Impacts on Bulk System Model Development & Validation Reliability Analysis Methods/Tools Economic Analysis Methods/Tools Decision Support Methods/Tools Operator/Planner Reference Guides Common approach to all programs 2
Collaboration, Leverage, & Member Engagement 12.0 8.0 4.0 0.0 R&D Area Funding Trend $M New in 2016 ESB Networks Exelon Georgia Trans. Co. ITC LADWP National Grid Portland General PSE&G Xcel Energy 2.1 2 8.1 8.3 2014 2015 2016 YTD 42 37 32 0.9 10.4 Supp ARP Total ARP Funders 2014 2015 2016 40 36 Total GO&P 44 F $M 4 3 2 1 0 200 150 100 50 Program Funding/Leverage Trends 0 3.9 4.1 4.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 1.9 2.2 P39 P40 P173 Task Force Participation Companies Participants 140 170 38 48 48 151 2014 2015 2016 YTD 2014 2015 2016 2.4 3
Voltage (p.u.) Key GO&P Research Areas Resiliency and Restoration Modeling & Model Validation LD1PAC model 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 Category II Renewables/DER (EPRI Proposal) Integration voluntary ride-through phvrt OR ahvrt - "as you were" Continuous Operation 1.30 p.u. 1.30 p.u. 0.16 s 2 13 s 1.20 p.u. 1 s 1 1.10 p.u. Tripped Situational Awareness 0.90 0.80 alvrt - "as you were" 0.88 p.u. Ride-through or trip is allowed (voluntary ride-through) 0.88 p.u. 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 alvrt - "as you were" OR plvrt Ride-through or trip is allowed 0.15 s 0.16 s 2 0.50 p.u. 0.32 s 2 s 2 s NERC PRC-024-2 0.10 (voluntary ride-through) 0.00 p.u. 0.00 p.u. Tripped 0.00 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Time (s) 1 21 s Legend range of adustability default value must-trip zones voluntary ride-through mandatory ride-through and operating regions describing performance 4
Key GO&P Research Areas T&S Relationship Resiliency and Restoration 1. GMD study guidelines 2. Resiliency investment decision framework 3. Optimized restoration plans & real-time ops Modeling & Model Validation 1. HVDC models Renewables/DER Integration 1. Protection models for inverter-based resources Situational Awareness 1. Alarm management 2. Ops protection visualization 3. Integrating equipment health into ops 5
GO&P Transmission System Protection Research System Protection Tools (40.18) Online Protection Security Assessment (39.11) Wind/PV Protection Impacts (173.09) Station B Station C Backup Protection Operates Station A Wind turbine Gearbox i PMSG Stator-Side Converter Grid-Side Converter i g I L, P L Step down transformer Grid Station A Station B Station D 0.055 s: Station D: Station A TRIP Relay trips, CB opens 0.350 s: Station B: Station A TRIP 0.350 s: Station C: Station A TRIP Station C (tapped) Modeling protection in Planning Post-Fault Analysis tools Emerging protection guidelines Relay setting Evaluation Tools Station A load lost Standalone distance relay fails in service EMS Alarm: Station A - Station B Main 1 Relay Fail Operator awareness of protection system status change/failures Ops support engineer fault analysis Wind/PV short-circuit models Protection Guideline for systems with high wind/pv penetrations 6
Protection Relay Settings Evaluation Tool CAPE Macro released 2015, ASPEN Macro due 2016 Evaluate coordination of protection across whole grid Applies multiple fault types across all lines on a grid Flags relay misoperations, fast/slow trips, uncleared faults View results in web browser & store in database for simple reporting, trending over time Proactively identify & avert potential mis-operations! 7
Define Fault Study and Protection Criteria Study grid by voltage class, region, or # buses of a selected busbar Study various fault scenario combinations: System scenarios Fault Types Fault Locations Define critical protection performance metrics 8
System Simulator Station A Station B Station C Station D Fault occurs 9
System Simulator First CB opens Station B Station A Station C Station D 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC Relay trips, CB opens Fault occurs 10
System Simulator Second CB opens (mis-op) Station B Station A Station C Misoperation of Protection Station D Relay trips, CB opens 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC 0.075 s: Station C: Station A, GR_IOC Fault occurs 11
System Simulator Third CB opens, fault cleared Station B Station A Station C Misoperation of Protection Station D Relay trips, CB opens 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC 0.075 s: Station C: Station A, GR_IOC 0.418 s: Station A: Station D, Z2_G Fault occurs 12
CAPE/ASPEN Macros Results Web Browser Output file in XML file format; View in Web Browser, Excel, Access High-level results per fault; index to details if issues identified 13
Grid Ops & Planning HVDC Research 2016 HVDC Ops & Planning Activities 162-D: apply planning guide in example studies Update planning guide base on studies P40.016 dynamic (stability) model development work on Sched 39.015: HVDC as actuator for Power Oscillation Damping HVDC Ops & Planning Activities Going Forward 40.016: Complete VSC model; multi-terminal HVDC 39.013: HVDC as blackstart resource 40.018: System protection with HVDC 14
EPRI HVDC Modeling Efforts -- P40.016 Modeling & Validation To ac system 1:Tr Conventional Line-Commutated + Id1 Id1 Id2 (ground return current) - 1:Ti To ac system First Tackling Point-to-Point HVDC Models Power-flow Previously existed Dynamics (95% done) PowerTech Labs TSAT Beta complete Filter Banks Filter Banks Siemens PTI PSS E Beta near complete 1:Tr To ac system Filter Banks _ Rectifier Station Vdc r Id2 VSC-HVDC Rdc Idc Vdc i + Inverter Station 1:Ti To ac system Filter Banks GE PSLF Beta near complete PowerWorld Beta near complete Power-flow Complete in all platforms Dynamics (95% done) MW into grid Q (MVAr) P (MW) Inverter action Rectifier action Prelim. specs discussed at WECC TF Initial feedback: ABB, Siemens and GE Draft model specs by Nov 2016 MW from grid 15 Inductive Vars Capacitive Vars
PS162-D: HVDC Planning Guidelines Equip planners to evaluate HVDC for economic & reliability transmission Summary of HVDC technologies Potential Applications & benefits HVDC Interaction with AC grid Guidance on required studies Scope and Objective: Point-to-point & Multi-terminal Highlight and explain important HVDC planning/study considerations Doesn t cover all aspects in great 2015 Concise report that outlines detail HVDC planning considerations 2016+ Case study to apply report for various study efforts 16
Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 17