no battery EV s Driving Range Problem & Non Oil Solutions Shmuel De-Leon 24 November 2010 Shmuel De-Leon Energy, Ltd. Mazal Arie 10, Hod-Hasharon, Israel 45309 Tel/Fax: 972-77-5010792, Mobile: 972-52-8601517 www.sdle.co.il, www.batteriesdatabase.com shmueld33@gmail.com 1
Shmuel De-Leon Energy, Ltd. A new power sources Knowledge Company founded on 2010. - Consulting services. - Battery & Fuel Cells seminars. - Weekly newsletters. - Power sources DataBase. - Battery solutions. Shmuel De-Leon Energy, Ltd. Where Knowledge and vision take place 2
Electric Vehicles A Growing Market E-transportation most significant technological revolution after the cellular and the internet. 3
Current Battery Technology Satisfies Small Urban Driving EV s Reva Mega Think Urban small EV s are not expected to drive long distances. Current batteries technology provide a satisfy energy needed for urban driving distance slow charging done at home during night. 4
EV Driving Range Problem ICE vehicles No driving range problem. Current EV battery technology: - 80-100 WH/kg on battery level - Common 25 42kWh battery - 500-1000$/kWh cost - Charging time of 30min to 8hr - Estimate limited battery life of 75-150k km - Average EV a maximum driving range of 160 km Will the drivers accept driving range limitations? At what reduced cost? Can the EV industry provide reduced cost with a high battery cost? 5
Why Batteries Are Not Providing The Driving Range Needed? Energy Density (WH/Kg) = EV Driving Range (km) 6
Battery is the Problem - Technology Breakthrough Urgently Needed The targets: - > 500wh/kg at battery level - Ultra fast charging > 10C - > 2500 full D.O.D cycles 7
II & III Generation - Li-Ion High Energy Density Batteries NCA, NMP, LPF 5v spinal/graphite Systems HE-LMO/Graphite HE-LMO/Si-C New development of High Voltage new Li-Ion batteries promise up to 25% increase on Energy Density on the next 2-4 years. Fast charging, Cycle life, Safety & Cost are still an issue. 8
Lithium Metal Rechargeable batteries High potentially theoretical energy density + Very Low cost raw materials Make it an ideal battery system for EV s But Cycle Life, Safety and Fast Charging are the limiter
DBM Energy's - KOLIBRI AlphaPolymer - German Company claim to develop a breakthrough Lithium Metal rechargeable battery for EV with: - Li-Fe-Poly (260 Ah/380 V) cell voltage of 3.8 volts - 300 WH/Kg - 2500 Cycles - 6 min full ultra fast charge 2010 Audi A2 travels 375 miles on a single charge equipped with DBM Battery tech. http://www.dbm-energy.com/
Oil Dependant Mid-Term Solutions HEV uses oil and batteries to operate parallel ICE and E-Engines (ICE charge the battery during driving no external charger). PHEV (Parallel E-Engine) battery operates E-engine, when battery depletes, an ICE will provide extra range using oil and the battery can also be recharged by an external charger. PHEV (EREV) (Serial E-engine) - battery operates E-engine; when battery depletes, a small ICE or turbine recharges the battery and provides electricity to the E-Engine using oil and the battery can also be recharged by an external charger. Chevrolet Volt ETV Motors 11
Fuel Cell EV - FC provides higher energy density than batteries (>500 Wh/Kg). - Refueling with hydrogen gas or liquid fuels is simple. - No grid impact. - FCEV technology is in a development phase, Some pilot projects are currently being tested. - FC may be the leading EV energy source technology at the long term. Hydrogen Filling Station 12
Metal Air Batteries - MA systems like Li-air, Zinc-air, Al-air, Si-Air are under development. - MA battery energy density (>500 WH/Kg). - Refueling the system is done by replacing the metal anode and the electrolyte no impact on the grid. - Future systems may be able to recharge electrically. - Extra development is needed some disclose projects are very promising. Lithium-Air cell Revolt Rechargeable Zinc-Air Technology 13
Bi-Polar Plate Li-Air Battery * Ford Li-Air research 14
APET (Taiwan) Zinc- Air Battery - Zinc filled pouch cells are assembled to a 30kWh battery and fit as an extra range energy source for EV, provide extra 300km driving range before zinc replaced. - The EV also uses a 10 kwh NiMh main power battery. - No need for a plug-in recharge. www.salamanderian.com 15
Leo Motors Zinc-Air Range Extender - Korean Company shows 2 electric trucks using Zinc-Air fuel cells with a 140 miles driving range. - ZAFC is a generator refueled by using small zinc pellets and by using an easily removed chamber. - ZAFC charged the EV battery. www.leomotors.com 16
Switch EV Batteries A feasible current technology solution use current battery technology. Industry dilemmas: - Will the EV makers design their car to use switch batteries? - Will the EV industry accept standard switch batteries that can be switched at universal battery switch stations, or should a special switch station should be designed for each EV model? - is the cost too expansive? 17
Electric Buses switch Batteries Project 50 switch EV battery buses deployed in the Olympic village in Beijing. Maximal driving range of 130 km and a maximum speed of 50 km/h. Batteries slow recharge during night 6 hours charge. The project prove the switch battery concept but fail prove to be an economic solution. Following the proof of concept - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to Experiment With Switchable Battery Electric Buses (April 2010) 18
Better Place Switch Batteries Project Better Place developed a switch EV battery driving range solution to be used with Renault EV s. First pilot electric taxi project recently started in Japan. Cost is an issue? - Can Better Place provide the solution at a reasonable cost? 19
Chinese EV makers Demonstrate SWAP Technology 2010 Beijing Chery Automobile, BAIS, IAT The legitimacy of the switch batteries as a leading solution become more strong as a new player use that solution 20
Quick Charge Batteries Some EV makers believe that QC in 30min, 80% of battery capacity can be the mid term solution. QC can be done with Standard Li-Ion batteries no need to develop new batteries. But many believe that an average driver will not accept a waiting time of 30 min to charge batteries on long range driving every 120 km. Epyon Fast Charger 21
Ultra Fast Charging EV Batteries UFC battery technology - up to 5 min, >80% capacity - available today but with a painful low energy density 60-80 WH/Kg & HIGH COST. Some promising development projects should increase energy densities, cycle life and safety. Electricity grid effect is also a place for concern. Some of the UFC cells and developing companies Cell I.D Wh/Kg Charge Rate Cycle Life Toshiba SCiB 65 11.9C 6000 Altairnano No Data Enerdel Saft Actacell 22
Think EV Fast Charging Solution Think announced that it will work with AeroVironment, inc to develop FC infrastructure. Targeting to charge the EV battery from 0-80% capacity in just 15 min (EnerDel Battery 345v, 80ah, up to 160 km driving range). Most of the time, batteries will be charge on slow charge but when an extra range will be needed the driver can use UFC in road charging stations (DC off board 50kW charger).
BYD EV Fast Charging Solution BYD e6 is an all-electric crossover car that is claimed to deliver 300 km (186 mi) with one charge 72KWh battery. BYD announced that the e6 it will be charged to 80% in 20 min with own made fast chargers.
Japan Firm to Standardize EV Fast charge Top Japanese carmakers Toyota and Nissan helped set up a group to standardize fast-charge stations for electric cars. The group, led by Japan's biggest utility, Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO), Toyota Motor Corp, Nissan Motor Co, Mitsubishi Motors Corp and Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd, will set a standard for Japan and later aim for an international standard. Many world wide companies joined. Forming a common "language" for fast-charging electric cars across various brands would save development costs for carmakers and ancillary industries. CHAdeMO Council
What some EV market player says Swap Technology Fast Charge 2-5C Quick Charge 2C Standard charge 0.1-1C Better Place - Renault Fluence Renault Kangoo Renault Zoe Chery IAT BAIC Think (O) BYD BMW Hyundai (i10) Phoenix (SUT, SUV) Subaru (R1e Stella) Zenn (CITYZenn) Mitsubishi (MIEV) Peugeot (ion) Nissan (Leaf) Renault (Fluence, Kangoo) Chery (S18) Pininfarina (aka B0) TATA (S) Coda (sedan), Commuter (Tango, Toyota (FT) CT&T There is a place to all the solutions The customers will choose the best for them 26
Summery Current batteries are not providing the energy density, Cycles, Fast charge needed for the EV driving range needs. New battery technologies like Li-Ion II & III generation or Lithium Metal systems may increase driving ranges up to 25% on the next 2-4 years. Lower oil dependent solutions like HEV and PHEV should be a mid term solution. Battery swapping is a potential current-mid term solution for BEV. Ultra fast Charging Technology still not feasible but some new promising development (Nano & Titanate) will assure it as a mid term solution (2-5 years). Fuel Cells & Metal Air system are candidate solutions on the long term (5-10 years). Technology progress along with safety & cost 27 reduction is the key for success
Summery The power source side is not the only factor EV s maker should manufacture more efficient vehicles with lower power consumption. Improvements on the Vehicle side will also contribute for extended driving range. Technology progress along with safety & cost reduction is the key for success 28
Thank you for your attention Shmuel De-Leon Energy, Ltd. Mazal Arie 10, Hod-Hasharon, Israel 45309 Tel/Fax: 972-77-5010792, Mobile: 972-52-8601517 www.sdle.co.il, www.batteriesdatabase.com shmueld33@gmail.com Information on that presentation obtained by: 1. Public web sources. 2. Shmuel de-leon Battery /Energy Sources DataBase (Includes 28000 cells PDF data sheets ). 3. Shmuel De-Leon Batteries & Fuel cells Seminar presentations. 29