Affects: Related: VN, VAH Engine Equipment Transmission Rear Axle Features: 425 hp and 1750-1450 lb-ft Eco-Torque Reduced Governor Cut In @ 1800RPM The new Volvo Eco-Torque ratings, such as 1017T1, are engines with special emphasis on fuel economy. Each rating has a higher torque curve, and a lower torque curve, with the nominal horsepower for each rating associated with the higher torque curve. With Eco-Torque the truck accelerates normally through all bottom gears. In the top two gears, where most of the fuel is consumed, the engine defaults to the lower torque curve. The higher torque curve is available on demand, but only under certain conditions. Additional Information on Eco-Torque The Volvo D13 engine is an in-line six cylinder design with a displacement of 12.8 liters, and ratings of 375 to 500 HP, with 1450 to 1850 lb-ft of torque. This puts it right in the sweet spot for distribution, LTL, truckload, linehaul freight and vocational applications, while its weight - 2676 lbs- gives it a great ratio of power to weight. The Volvo D13, derived from the popular D12, is currently the most popular engine above 10L in the world. Complete engine assembly and manufacture of the D13 crankshafts and camshafts are completed at Volvo Powertrain s Hagerstown, Maryland plant. The D13 will be available in Volvo VNM, VNL, VAH and VHD models. The D13 engine is fully compliant with the EPA 14 Green House Gas (GHG) emission standards, while still delivering outstanding fuel economy, reliability, durability and serviceability. 2014 Volvo engines are 100% Passive Regeneration of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). Volvo trucks equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) emissions control systems will not undergo driving or parked active regeneration of the DPF during normal operating conditions. Volvo engines have reduced diesel engine pollutants by 99% from original measured levels and produce Near Zero Emissions. Carryover Design Features: New Design Features: 2014 GHG Improvements provide a 1% increase in fuel economy utilizing low friction cylinder improvements along with optimizing fuel delivery. New 2-piece valve cover decreases replacement time making process easier and cleaner. Modified Design Features: 100% Passive Regeneration of DPF D13 Engine Spec Sheet Ultra High Fuel Injection Pressure Precision-Flow Cooled EGR System Rear-Mounted Camshaft Damper Single-piece Rigid Deck Cylinder Head Steel Cylinder Head Gasket Steel Ladder Reinforcement Volvo Engine Brake (I-VEB) Volvo Vectro EMS Full Flow Oil Filtration Bypass Oil Filter Low-Return-Flow Fuel System Engine Mounted Primary Fuel Filter (optional) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Page 1 of 6
...additional on Eco-Torque On a steep grade, performance is enhanced when the engine automatically switches to the higher power and torque curve. Under this full-load, low-rpm condition, the engine runs at maximum efficiency but will revert to the low curve when the power demand is removed and cruise conditions are resumed. This saves fuel by encouraging operation under load at a lower more efficient rpm and makes an engine spec that is capable of cresting hills in the top gear. The driver soon learns that this exceptional performance is obtained by operating at low engine rpm. The below example of a D13-425 hp 1750-1450 lb-ft engine paired with a 10 speed manual transmission illustrates how the Eco-Torque feature works. The truck is cruising at the Eco-Cruise set speed of 62 mph on the lower torque curve of 1450 lb-ft with a Brake Cruise setting of +5 mph. The first Minor Hill encountered is not large enough and conditions are not meet to trigger the change to the higher torque curve as the truck ascends the grade with minimum speed loss. The vehicle then rolls-out down the hill to approximately 67 mph and starts to ascend a Larger Hill. There is a higher torque demand on this Larger Hill, but the truck climbs the hill again without the need for the higher torque curve. The truck then rolls-out again down the next hill to approximately 65 mph and begins to start up a Long, Steep Hill. The engine is now under a full-load, low-rpm condition and switches to the higher 1750 lb-ft torque curve, allowing the vehicle to ascend the grade, remaining in 10 th gear. After the last hill, the road grade flattens out and the torque demand drops off, allowing the engine to revert back to the lower torque curve to maximize fuel economy. Page 2 of 6
Volvo EPA 14 engines maintain EPA 10 s 100% Passive Regeneration of the DPF. Passive Regeneration, also known as NO 2 -Based Regeneration, occurs at 500 degrees F., a lower temperature than Active Regeneration, which occurs at 1100 degrees F. Active Regeneration, or O 2 -Based Regeneration, uses high temperature to simply oxidize the soot out of the filter. The high temperature comes from dosing, or adding fuel through the 7th injector, located on the outlet housing of the turbocharger. This increases fuel consumption. This fuel oxidizes in the catalyst of the DPF where it raises the heat to the 1100 degrees required to oxidize the soot. The 2014 engines will maintain a 7 th injector. It will be used on all models to aid in warm-up of the emission control system on a cold start-up. It will also be there in the extra-normal situation should a regeneration assist ever be needed, for example due to extremely severe weather conditions. A key enabler of Passive Regeneration is the correct NOx to soot ratio. This is critical. Volvo gets the correct NOx to soot ratio by using the low soot of the Volvo engine together with a higher NOx engine-out level. The increased NOx comes from a lower rate of EGR. It has been shown with our test trucks, including some that have operated through two winters in stop-and-go urban delivery in hilly terrain (an arduous duty cycle), that none have yet experienced a single active regeneration in normal on-highway operation. Advantages of No Active Regeneration: No dash lights come on No special driver training or familiarization Much lower system temperatures Reduced thermal cycling No limitations on where the driver can go No interruptions of PTO activity Higher productivity Reduced consumption of fuel Lower operating expenses The net result is a truck meeting the EPA 14 regulation with better fuel efficiency and near-zero NOx. Carryover Design Features: The following features, introduced in 2007, will be carried over intact into 2014. Ultra High Fuel Injection Pressure the design target for maximum fuel injection system pressures had been raised 20% from 29,000 psi to 35,000 psi, for improved combustion and lower emissions. The successful dual-solenoid fuel injector used first with the US 02 D12D has been enhanced with proprietary actuation strategy. Precision-Flow Cooled EGR System uses three state-of-the-art components to provide exactly the right amount of EGR with fast response. Sliding nozzle variable geometry turbocharger with electronic actuation to responsively provide the needed EGR pressure. Poppet-style hydraulic EGR valve to accurately provide the needed EGR flow. Delta-pressure flow sensor to provide precise measurement of the EGR flow and integrate the signals back to the turbo actuator and EGR valve through a closed-loop electronic management system. Page 3 of 6
These three system components, first introduced together in 2005 on the Volvo D16, combine to provide exceptional fuel economy and improved engine response. Rear-Mounted Camshaft Damper the torsional vibration damper and associated helical gear drive of the previous Volvo D12 overhead camshaft had been moved to the rear. This focuses the higher torsional activity from the fuel injection system directly into the component with the most inertial mass, the flywheel, in order to reduce high frequency displacement and increase reliability of external engine components. Other Carryover design features include: Single-piece rigid deck cylinder head with thirty-eight cylinder head fasteners. Like the block, the head is cast with proprietary technology in Volvo s own foundry in Skovde, Sweden. Steel cylinder head gasket for withstanding high combustion pressures. Steel ladder reinforcement to increase stiffness of main-bearing area for today s combustion pressures. Volvo Engine Brake (I-VEB) - Intelligent, integrated compression brake engine retarder, with high retardation over the speed range. The engine brake software features a control stalk on the steering column that integrates the I-VEB with the service brakes and the I-Shift transmission with the following control functions: o O Off o A Automatic. Brake Blending applies engine brake at 50% when brake pedal applied. o 1 40% engine braking o 2 70% engine braking o 3 100% engine braking o B I-Shift transmission in maximum engine braking mode (when so equipped) Volvo Vectro EMS engine electronics with enhanced diagnostics. Full flow oil filtration with deep-flow canisters ensuring full media usage. Bypass oil filter uses 5-micron filter to remove fine particles. Low-return-flow fuel system cools fuel in the engine, not the fuel tank, providing consistent fuel temperature to the injectors regardless of extreme summer heat or frigid winter cold. Available engine mounted primary fuel filter with in-cab water-in-fuel warning indicator. Page 4 of 6
Volvo D13 425 Eco & Dual 1750 / 1450 All Volvo 2014 engines fully comply with the latest EPA mandates. This means all regulated pollutants have been reduced by 99% from untreated levels. Yet Volvo meets these demands with outstanding reliability and fuel economy. This is because we use a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system designed for the highest efficiency. Which allowed us to pursue a passive regeneration concept that uses NOx in place of diesel fuel to regenerate the soot, further reducing your cost of operation. Power (HP) 500 400 300 200 100 0-100 Volvo D13 425VE/1750-1450 ECO-Dual 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 Engine Speed (RPM) Advertised Power, HP 425 Peak Power, HP 425 Peak Torque, lb-ft@rpm 1750@1050 Governed rpm 1800 Recommended cruise speed range, rpm 1200-1500 Start engagement torque, lb-ft@rpm 850@800 Torque in all gears but top two, lb-ft 1750 Default torque in top two gears, lb-ft 1450 On demand torque in top two gears, lb-ft 1750 2900 2500 2100 1700 1300 900 500 Torque (LB-Ft) SPECIFICATIONS Ratings: Power: 425 HP Torque: 1450-1750 lb-ft Base Engine Configuration 4 cycle / Inline Six Emissions SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction Aspiration Sliding Nozzle Variable Geometry Turbocharger Cam / Valve Configuration SOHC / 4 Valves per Cylinder Cylinder Head One Piece Rigid Deck Cylinder Head Injection System Dual Solenoid Electronic Unit Injection Fuel Injection Pressure, psi (bar) 35,000 (2,400) Electronic Management System Volvo VECTRO Rating Uprateability Software Only, Throughout Range Displacement, cu. in. (L) 780 (12.8) Compression Ratio 16.0:1 Bore & Stroke, in. (mm) 5.16 x 6.22 (131 x 158) Cylinder Spacing, in. (mm) 6.61 (168) Full Dress Dry Weight, lb. (kg) 2676 (1214) Fuel and Lubrication: Fuel Specification Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel, 15 ppm Fuel Filters Primary plus Secondary Total Lube Oil Capacity, qts. (L) 38 (36) Oil Filtration Two Full Flow, One Bypass Oil Drain Interval, Normal Service, miles (km) 35,000 (56,000) Oil Specification Volvo VDS-4, SAE 10W-30 FLOCS Oil Drain Kit Optional Engine Equipment: Air Compressor, CFM Two Cylinder, 31.8 Retarder I-VEB Volvo Engine Brake Engine Brake Rating at 2200 rpm 500 hp @ 2200 rpm Engine Brake Rating at 1500 rpm 350 hp @ 1500 rpm Engine Brake Weight, lbs. (kg) 25 (12) PTO Port for Live Rear PTO Pump or Shaft Standard Preheater, Electrical Optional
425 Eco & Dual 1750 / 1450 FEATURE BENEFIT high-efficiency aftertreatment system No-Regen DPF strategy, regenerating soot with only Passive (NO 2 -based) Regeneration; no 7 th injector fueling for regeneration Available Early Upshift software encourages progressive shifting Available I-VEB engine brake strongest in class engine brake at cruise rpm Volvo D11, D13, D16 share common design philosophies throughout the family Eliminates Active (oxygen-based) DPF Regenerations and the diesel fuel usage they require, for lower cost of operation Lower total engine revs; better fuel economy Exceptional retardation at the rpm you drive More thorough component development assures better design and evaluation Volvo s 2014 engines include high-efficiency aftertreatment systems that save you fuel and reduce maintenance. Eight headbolts around each piston; four bolts on each connecting rod Ultra-high 35,000 psi fuel injection pressure Damper on camshaft Precision-Flow Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation with Delta-P sensor for accurate EGR measurement Higher number of bolts assures more even clamping and greater clamping force for longer design life Finer fuel atomization for cleaner burn, reduced emissions and better fuel economy Reduced injection system generated torsional vibration and high frequency buzz, for longer component life Together with accurate turbocharger and EGR valve, this closed-loop system is tuned to give just the EGR flow needed, no more, no less, for optimum fuel consumption volvo eco-torque and dual-torque ratings Volvo s new Eco-Torque feature provides a new twist on encouraging fuel-economy driving. By switching to a lower torque curve in the top two gears, but allowing the higher torque curve during lug-back, Eco-Torque encourages low-rpm driving and provides a lower power level in nondemanding situations. But when conditions demand high torque at low rpm, the engine torque will switch up to the higher curve, in many cases allowing the hill to be topped in the highest gear. Dual-Torque ratings have a similar dual personality, but serve a special purpose. They take advantage of several vendor transmissions that will allow a higher torque in the top two gears. This means that they must operate in their lower torque in the low gears. Maximum Fuel Economy Maximum Performance Maximum Driveability Use of Lower Rated Transmissions Maximum Uprateability Base Ratings Eco-Torque Ratings Dual-Torque Ratings For example, our SCR catalyst has a full 40 between the point of introduction of the Diesel Exhaust Fluid and where it meets the catalyst. This allows for the DEF to fully and completely convert to ammonia. More importantly, our SCR catalyst has three bricks where others have two. This added capacity allows a greater catalyst efficiency, which enables our No-Regen strategy. We can adjust the EGR flow rate down while still eliminating all of the NOx in the catalyst. This allows us to deliver better fuel economy. D13 drivetrain recommendations It is critical to specify the truck properly to achieve maximum fuel economy and performance. Ask your salesman to help you choose a rear axle ratio appropriate for your expected cruising speed and gross combination weight. Volvo 2014 engines have been designed to achieve maximum fuel economy by cruising at low engine rpm. In D13 line haul specifications, the target is 1375 rpm at 65 mph. For example, with 80K lbs GCW, 1650 lbs-ft torque, 295/75R22.5 drive tires and 0.74 top gear ratio, the 3.36:1 axle ratio would come closest to the 1375 rpm at 65 mph recommendation. With 0.78 ratio transmission, you should use a 3.21:1 ratio for the same rpm at 65. Never specify an EPA 10 Volvo engine for a cruise speed above 1600 rpm. Volvo Trucks North America PO Box 26115 Greensboro, NC 27402-6115 www.volvotrucks.us.com Volvo Trucks Canada 2100 Derry Road West, Suite 410 Mississauga, Ontario L5N 0B3 2013 Volvo Group North America, LLC