GM Advanced Vehicle Plan & the Role of Ethanol

GM Advanced Vehicle Plan & the Role of Ethanol

GM s Long Term Vision Remove the automobile from environmental & energy debates

Progress will Require Many Technologies Improved Emissions Improved Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrids Ethanol Flex Fuel E85 AFM & other fuel saving technologies Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Today Near-Term Longer-Term *AFM -- Active Fuel Management also known as cylinder deactivation or displacement on demand

HC (mg/mi) 12000 9000 6000 Smog Forming Tailpipe Emissions Pass Car Heavy LDT < 8500 GVWR All < 8500 GVWR& MDPV The March Toward Zero 1970 Fed 1960 No Controls 3000 T-1 Engine-Out 1973 Fed Tier 2 0 NLEV 1 1981 T-0T 1993 T-1T 1981 T-0T 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 NOx (mg/mi) 1975 Fed New vehicles are the cleanest on the road smog causing emissions are down 99% from pre-control levels.

New Vehicles The Cleanest on the Road Regulated Emissions from : 1 = 38 1987 Model Year Vehicles (approx. 1 million on-road in 2006) 2005 Model Year Vehicles

2005 Canadian Contribution to Smog Forming Emissions by Sector (VOC and NOx) Industrial Source 37% Miscellaneous 10.5% 9.5% All On-Road Cars & Light Duty Trucks 9.5% in 2005, and forecast to be 4.1% by 2020 Incineration 0.2% Open Sources 4.4% Non-Industrial Fuel Combustion 9.7% Forest Fires 2.0% Heavy-Duty Transportatio n 8.1% Off-Road Transportatio Marine n 12.8% Transportation 2.3% Rail Transportation 2.2% Source: Emissions Projection Working Group 2000 Inventory and Forecast, February 2005 Air Transportation 1.3%

New Vehicles are So Clean (Smog Causing Emissions) Burning a cord of wood = 10 Chevy sport utilities over their entire lifetime Painting a room with 4 L can of water based latex= driving a GMC SUV from Toronto to Vancouver and back again Driving new GM vehicle 1 year < operating a snowmobile for 1 hour

Canadian GHG Contribution by Sector Stationary Fuel Combustion 46.0% Agriculture 8.2% Other (i.e. Solvent, Waste) 3.8% Cars & Light Duty Trucks 12.5% Heavy Duty Vehicles 6.2% Industrial Processes 7.2% Fugitive (Solid Fuels, Oil & Gas) 7.6% Pipelines 1.8% Rail/Air/Marine(Domestic), Motorcycles & Off Road 6.7% Source: 2001 Canada s Third National Report on Climate Change

Broad Portfolio of Fuel Efficient Vehicles More models with better than 7L/100km (40 mpg) highway driving More than any other automaker! Chevrolet Cobalt Chevrolet Aveo Pontiac G6 Saab 9-3 Saturn Ion Pontiac Vibe Chevrolet Malibu Saab 9-3 Sport Combi Chevrolet Monte Carlo Saturn Vue Chevrolet Impala Pontiac Pursuit Pontiac Wave Chevrolet HHR Highway values as published in the NRCan 2006 EnerGuide

Near-Term Propulsion Strategy

Advanced Technology Plan Near-Term Bio-Fuels 2million GM E85 FlexFuel vehicles on road in N.A. Active Fuel Management (AFM) By 2008, more than 2million GM vehicles with AFM Variable Valve Timing By 2007, over 2.5 million GM engines with VVT annually 6-Speed Transmissions By 2010, GM will produce more than 3 million annually

Active Fuel Management 7-12% or better fuel consumption improvement Under light loads the engine runs with only ½ cylinders Cylinders can be reactivated in a fraction of a second Seamless AFM operation with electronic throttle control and sophisticated engine and transmission controls Technology particularly well suited to North American driving patterns which have a significant highway driving component

Active Fuel Management Active fuel management shuts down half the engine s cylinders when not required (as when cruising on the highway) to enhance fuel efficiency. 2006 Trailblazer / Envoy 2006 Saab 9-7X 2006 Rainier 2007 Tahoe / Suburban 2007 Yukon / Yukon XL 2007 Avalanche 2006 Grand Prix GXP 2006 Monte Carlo and Impala SS 2007 Impala V6 With plans to expand the application of AFM Note: GM Canada s application of new vehicles with AFM will save 16 more fuel than all new hybrids sold in Canada, on an annual basis

Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy Improved Emissions Improved Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Bio-Fuels Vehicles Incremental Internal Combustion Engine and Transmission Improvements Hydrogen Infrastructure Longer-Term

GM Hybrid Strategy Target highest fuel-consuming vehicles first Provide the broadest portfolio of products We will have 12 different hybrid models Offer hybrids on our highest-volume car and truck models Three distinct hybrid propulsion systems with no compromises in performance

Hybrid Portfolio 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Two Mode Hybrid Drive Light Hybrid Hybrid GM/Allison Hybrid Bus Chevy Silverado/GMC Sierra Saturn VUE Chevy Malibu Tahoe/Yukon Two-Mode Hybrid Drive Escalade Silverado/ Sierra

GM Hybrid VUE and Malibu Belt Alternator Starter System (BAS) Operation Engine off when vehicle is stopped Deceleration fuel cutoff Regenerative braking Intelligent charging of advanced hybrid battery Electric power assist Benefits Up to 20% improvement* in composite fuel consumption No sacrifice in room, power or utility Minimum change to base vehicle Combination of price and reduced fuel consumption benefits are intended to make this the best value hybrid system on the market *Based on on U.S. testing with Saturn VUE. EPA and Canadian test results are not yet available.

GM Full-Size Truck 2-Mode Hybrid Operation 2-Mode Hybrid provides both city & highway fuel consumption improvements Engine off at idle Deceleration fuel cutoff Strong regenerative braking Low-speed electric propulsion Benefits +25% fuel consumption improvement when combined with Active Fuel Management Uncompromised performance, towing and utility capabilities 2008 MY Tahoe-Yukon

Ethanol and E85 FlexFuel Vehicles Benefits of Ethanol Clean Burning Renewable Significant net CO2 (GHG) reduction potential 50% to 76% reduction (based on NRCan GHGenius lifecycle CO2 analysis) E85 FlexFuel Vehicles E85 is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline FlexFuel vehicle can use E85 fuel, regular gasoline or any combination of these fuels

Well-to-Wheels Analysis Petroleum System Well-to-Tank Tank-to-Wheels

Well-to-Wheels Analysis Biofuel System

GM Ethanol Capable Vehicle Technology (E85 Flex Fuel) Today, GM is the leader in producing E85 vehicles, which can run on fuel containing up to 85% ethanol Producing over 400,000 E85 vehicles per year Over 2 Million on the road today Largest producer of E85 Flexible Fuel vehicles 15 vehicle models available Additional models to be announced in the future

2007 E85 Flex-Fuel Utilities & Trucks Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Chevrolet Tahoe/Suburban Chevrolet Avalanche GMC Yukon/Yukon XL

2007/2008 E85 Flex-Fuel Vehicles NEW Chev and GMC Full-Size Van Chev Uplander, Pont SV6, Saturn Relay, Buick Terraza Malibu 2008 MY Future

2006 E85 Flex Fuel Impala General Motors of Canada Ltd. was awarded a 2006 CAA Pyramid Award for Environmental Initiatives for the launch of their new Ethanol Powered E-85 Chevrolet Impala. When using eighty-five per cent cellulose-based ethanol, the vehicle's net CO2 emissions are the lowest of any vehicle available in Canada.

2006 Impala against NRCAN Award Winners EnerGuide Vehicle Class Vehicle Net CO 2 (Kg/year) Net CO 2 Emissions vs. Flex Fuel Impala Flex Fuel Impala with cellulosic Ethanol fuel 1,329 kg/yr - Two Seater Honda Insight - Hybrid 2,117 kg/yr 59 % Higher Sub Compact Toyota Yaris Hatchback 3,704 kg/yr 179 % Higher Compact Honda Civic - Hybrid 2,646 kg/yr 99% Higher Mid size Toyota Prius - Hybrid 2,411 kg/yr 81% Higher Full size Hyundai Sonata 4,822 Kg/yr 263% Higher Station Wagon Toyota Matrix and Pontiac Vibe 4,116 kg/yr 210% Higher Van Honda Odyssey EX-L 5,880 kg/yr 343% Higher Truck Ford Ranger 5,116 kg/yr 285% Higher Special Purpose Ford Escape - Hybrid 3,998 kg/yr 201% Higher Near-Term Propulsion Strategy * Based on the Canadian Government NRCan GHGenius values and 20,000 kms / year

GM E85 Brand Advertising Role, to put E85 on the national agenda and educate To create an E85 bandwagon movement To help transform E85 from experimental novelty to everyday alternative. LiveGreenGoYellow

Badging E85 Vehicles Badging E85 Vehicles live green, go yellow live green, go yellow

Ethanol Opportunities and Challenges

GM Ethanol Initiatives in US GM has contributed to growth in US E85 pumps through partnerships with: Meijer, Kroger, VeraSun, Abengoa Bioenergy and others to locate 130 new E85 stations in seven states Currently over 800 E85 pumps with forecast of over 1,000 by end of 2006

E85 Fuel in Canada Federal and Provincial commitments to a renewable fuel strategy Canadian Focus on environment vs energy security E85 Refueling infrastructure in Canada early stages Only 1 retail stations in Ottawa, Canada vs. over 800 in the U.S. Need Cdn Policies and Programs to support E85 infrastructure development (comparable to US) GM Canada is developing partnerships with Canadian fuel companies to offer E85 fueling to fleet customers Near-Term Propulsion Strategy

Existing Canadian E85 Fleets Correctional Services Canada Bowden Grand Cache Drumheller Edmonton Stony Mountain Prince Albert Agriculture Agrifood Canada Lethbridge Agassiz Brandon Swift Current Manitoba Transport Winnipeg Airport 124,897 Litres per year 135,100 Litres per year 13,982 Litres per year

Existing Canadian E85 Fleets Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Iogen Canada Ottawa Ontario Ministry of Transport Toronto Ottawa area

Agriculture Canada Swift Current, Saskatchewan

Agriculture Canada Lethbridge, Alberta

Costs to Establish Private Refueling Costs to establish private refueling centre vary by size: 1,500 litre system: approx $15K 9,000 litre system: approx $25K Estimates provided by Husky Oil ltd and are above ground systems

E85 Fuel Cost E85 fuel generally sells for same price as regular unleaded fuel E85 retail price at only Canadian retail site is within cents of regular unleaded Prices quoted by Husky Oil to fleet customer also reflects the same Increased Cdn ethanol production should reduce ethanol prices over time Due to the lower energy content of Ethanol Fuel, vehicles will consume approx. 25% more volume of fuel Therefore for the near term E85 fueling costs will be approximately 25% higher than gasoline

GM s Ethanol Commitment Build great ethanol-powered vehicles Continue to Expand our E85 product offering Promote the use and benefits of ethanol to customers Continue to work with fuel providers, regulators and legislators to increase E85 availability in the U.S. and Canada

Summary Many technologies will be required to reduce GHG emissions from vehicles Currently, E85 FlexFuel vehicles offer the largest GHG reductions E85 FlexFuel vehicles are available at No additional Cost E85 FlexFuel technology offers the broadest range of environmental models Establishing Private Fleet refueling is viable Near term fueling costs will be greater than gasoline