successful integration of distributed generation in rural areas

successful integration of distributed generation in rural areas Dr. Oliver Franz / Dr.-Ing. Torsten Hammerschmidt, RWE Deutschland AG, Regulatory Management / Grid Strategy RWE Deutschland 11.11.2013 SEITE 1

Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 2

Customer applications drive energy demand Smart Grids E-Mobility E-Energy Future Market Place Smart Customer Smart Metering Smart Home Virtual Power Plant Meter MUC MUC: Multi Utility Communication RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 3

The Project: Grids for Future Electricity Supply Project Consortium Project Leader Objective Timeline RWE Deutschland AG > Identification of efficient distribution grid concepts > Further development of evaluation methods > Further development of equipment > Realisation of a large-scale field demonstration July 2009 Sept. 2011 Carried out by the consortium Oct. 2011 Dec. 2014 Verification phase by RWE RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 4

Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 5

Photovoltaics will Exceed Growth Rates of Wind Power in Germany 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 GW Wind offshore Wind onshore Solar power + 21 GW / 10 a Wind Power in the Past + 33 GW / 10 a Solar Power in the Future Demonstration Grid Area: 170 km² Covered Area 5,500 Inhabitants 2,300 Service Connections 11.8 MW Ren. Generation 2.9 MW Max. Load 0 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 6

Energy Supply-Task Description of all 413 Administrative Districts in Germany 5 Steps of Analysis 2030 2025 2020 P1 P2 P45 2015 P1 P2 P45 2010 P1 P2 P45 P1 LK 1 P2 1,0 1,2 P45 50,1 LK P1 1 P2 1,0 1,2 P45 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 LK 1 1,0 1,2 50,1 413 LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Administrative LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Districts in LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 Germany LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 LK 413 1,4 1,8 48,2 45 Parameters describe the Energy Supply-Tasks RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 7

Inhomogeneity of energy supply-task drives grid-costs A Rural Administrative District in Germany Load per area: Urban area Rural area with supply Rural area without supply Generation per area: Wind power Photovoltaics Hydro power 1 km² Biomass energy Source: Google RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 8

Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 9

Innovative Concepts help to Reduce the Increase in Grid Costs 2010 2030 Lines still in Use: 1,800 km New Lines: 260 km Unnecessary Lines: 270 km 50 % Regulated Substations Max. Load: Generation: Grid Length: 135 MW 110 MW 2,070 km 18 % exceeding grid Max. Load: Generation: Grid Length: 120 MW 210 MW 2,060 km RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 10

Agenda A Future Grids in a Smart Energy World B Energy Supply-Tasks define Grid Requirements C Evaluation of innovative Grid Concepts D Realisation of a Demonstration-Smart-Grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 11

Different innovative solutions are realized in the test grid area sorted into 4 groups 1 Use of information- and communication technology (ICT) 2 Disposition of storage devices 3 Local voltage control to exploit grid transportation capacity 4 Hierarchical supply layers in medium voltage level RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 12

Tested solutions for distribution grids 1 Use of information- and communication technology (ICT) ICT to reconstitute grid observability in medium voltage Synchronism of renewable electricity generation Wide area control RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 13

Active power [kw] Reconstitution of grid observability is accessible through a few specific measuring points Primary 20-kV-substation Measuring point BioCHP Windpower BioCHP Windpower Windpower Secondary substation with PV-feed-in 20-kV-overhead line 20-kV-cable Open sectioning point Power distribution Power collection RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 14

Synchronism of PV-generation: Only 1 % of the energy is provided > 70 % PN at service connections; at secondary substations this value drops to 0.4 % of energy Same effect: > Local storage of peak feed-ins or > Statistical balancing of renewable generation inside a distribution grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 15

Synchronism of wind and PV-generation: bad and good weather are not at the same time G 2 ( solar), i 0, 9 n m 0,7 P N PN ( wind), i i 1 i 1 2 RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 16

Wide area control: Reduces grid expansion by optimized voltage control Basic design of a wide area control system: 110 kv 110 kv Control principle: Control system f(x) > Status 0 (reference value): normal load and feed-ins medium voltage > Status 1 (reduced reference value): low load and high feed-ins G G > Status 2 (increased reference value): high load and low feed-ins G G G G Communication link Voltage measurements at extreme points in secondary substations Goal: Optimising the voltage control of the 110-kV-Transformer by using voltage measurements from extreme points of the medium voltage grid RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 17

Wide area control: Design of the measuring systems RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 18

Results of wide area control: Voltage fluctuations are reduced by 30 % Voltage fluctuations [V] 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 419 428 Ø 367 380 350 38% 33% 334 15% 28% 27% 29% 285 283 258 253 268 260 Circuit A Circuit B Circuit C Circuit D Circuit E Voltage control with wide area control assistance Voltage control without wide area control assistance Average voltage fluctuations RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 19

Tested solutions for distribution grids 2 Disposition of storage devices Biogas storage in coordination with fluctuating energy resources works as a storage for all kinds of renewables RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 20

Biogas storage in coordination with PV-generation works similar to a battery Medium Voltage 3 ~ 3 ~ AC DC Air Cushion gas Substrate (liquid) Weather membrane Stored biogas (0 1.600 m³) Moving membrane Stirring M unit Belt system Heater Biogas Storage PV Digester RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 21

Installations inside the Biogas Storage Reservoir The biogas storage covers a digestate storage RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 22

00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 CHP power [kw] PV-feed-in [%] Biogas storage in coordination with PV-generation CHP power PV power 450 100 400 350 90 80 Biogas storage 3.2 MWh el 300 250 200 150 70 60 50 40 30 220-kVA-CHP 100 20 50 10 0 0 RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 23

Thank you for your attention and greetings from Smart Country Windpower PV generation Biogas storage Biogas generation because the energy transition is taking place in the countryside RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 24

Backup RWE Deutschland 11.11.2013 SEITE 25

Tested solutions for distribution grids 3 Local voltage control to exploit grid transportation capacity Electronic voltage regulator in medium voltage level Voltage regulated secondary substation RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 26

Local voltage control to exploit grid capacity: 8-MVA-regulator serial in 20-kV-overhead-line Grid P=7.4 MW Q=3.2 Mvar P=6.5 MW Q=3.2 Mvar ΔU = 20% P=0.9 MW Q=0.0 Mvar P=0.7 MW Q=0.3 Mvar Load S=8 MVA P=7.2 MW Q=3.5 Mvar cosφ=0.9 AC / DC /AC S Voltage-Regulation =0.8 MVA (approx. 10% of the power flow) RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 27

400-kVA-substation with flexible added active voltage regulation at low voltage level 20 kv 0.4 kv Transformation ~ = = ~ Voltage control PCS 100 AVC Product Design > +/-10% Continuous Regulation > Pilot Project: 400 kva AVC 400 V RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 28

Voltage In operation: 30 days with constant output voltage Output voltage Input voltage Time RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 29

Tested solutions for distribution grids 4 Hierachical supply layers in medium voltage level Strong cable line with electronic sectionalizers RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 30

Strong cable line with electronic sectionalizers Existing grid (overhead line) Open section point Grid expansion for DER (cabel) Circuit breaker Sectionalizer RWE Deutschland, DG-V, Hammerschmidt 11.11.2013 SEITE 31