EPA s Technology Verification Program and Research 12th Annual SEDC Meeting 30 November 2017 Arman Tanman Technology Assessment Center U.S. EPA - Office of Transportation and Air Quality 1
Topics Introduction Technology Verification Aerodynamics Tires Testing & Research Future Opportunities 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2
Technology Assessment Center Technology Assessment Center (TAC) combines SmartWay and Clean Diesel technology programs New, cleaner engines equipped with diesel particulate filters Comprehensive approach to reducing emissions (criteria and GHG) from HD fleets. Verification of technologies Tractors & trailers with fuel saving tires, fairings, and idle reduction Protocol Development Research, test and evaluate emission and fuel-saving technologies and strategies Wide-range of applications including long-haul tractortrailers, off-road equipment, school bus, marine, and rail Shorepower for ships Wide-range of technologies including emission controls (e.g,. diesel particulate filters, oxidation catalysts), idle reduction, low rolling resistance tires, and aerodynamics 3
Technology Verification Program SmartWay & National Clean Diesel Campaign Highway and Non-Road SmartWay Designation Tractors and Trailers Verified Lists Aerodynamics Idle Control Low Rolling Resistance Tires and Retreads After-Treatment Devices Closed Crankcase Systems Exhaust Gas Recirculation Engine upgrades 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4
SmartWay Trailer Aerodynamics Verification Scope Trailer Designation Levels Aero Device Performance Bins 53 Van trailers SmartWay Trailer (5% fuel savings from aero) (1% fuel savings from tires) 9% or more fuel savings 5% (5.0 8.9) fuel savings 4% (4.0 4.9) fuel savings 1% (1.0 3.9) fuel savings 53 Refrigeration trailers SmartWay Elite Trailer (9% fuel savings from aero) (1% fuel savings from tires) Test Methods New Track Test Coastdown Tunnel CFD Choice of new 2014 test method for verification and option to supplement with additional test methods Web table indicating all methods used to verify a device 5
Tire Performance Targets (Rolling Resistance Coefficient in kg/ton) ISO 28580 and SAE J1269 Steer Drive Trailer J 1269 Application Test Point 6.6 7.0 5.5 J1269 Test Point 2 6.7 6.9 5.5 J1269 5 point average 6.9 7.0 5.6 ISO 28580 (2 meter drum) 6.5 6.6 5.1 Retread Performance Target (Rolling Resistance Coefficient in kg/ton) ISO 28580 Drive Trailer Test Casing 7.2 6.0 Alternate Casing 6.5 5.4 EPA Tire Verification 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6
Tire testing Testing & Research Auditing verified tires & tires tested at different labs Comparing test methods & sources of variability Developing updated retread test protocols Road testing to quantify fuel savings Aerodynamics Test methods Demonstrating fuel savings performance 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 7
Test and Control truck Truck Testing Portable Scale With/without portable tank 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 8
Percent Reduction in Fuel Consumption Fuel Savings vs Rolling Resistance 12 10 LRR tires on tractor & trailer 8 6 LRR tires on tractor only LRR tires on trailer only 4 2 Baseline tires 0 y = -2.6912x + 21.234 R² = 0.8965-2 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 Vehicle Coefficient of Rolling Resistance, kg/ton 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 9
Aerodynamic Technology Testing Scale Model Wind Tunnel Track Coast Down 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 10
Wind Tunnel Testing 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11
Wind Tunnel Research on Trailer Aero Combinations Aerodynamic Drag Reductions from individual and Combinations of Trailer Aerodynamic Components Combinations work bigger packages produce bigger fuel savings. Synergy Sometimes aero devices work together to save more fuel than the sum of their individual results. Wind angles Some devices work better at higher wind angles. *Aerodynamic drag measured using a wind tunnel and 1/8 th scale model representing a class 8, long-haul, tractor-trailer. 12
Aerodynamic Testing With Trucks MY12 SmartWay Tractors 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 13
Evaluating Speed Dependence of Aerodynamic Technology Benefits 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 14
Future Opportunities Updates to Test Protocols & Research Characterizing sources of variability Evaluation & Verification of New Technologies Pups, TRU systems & energy saving options Generalizing Benefits of Technologies Increased Communication & Outreach Updating our internet pages Information for fleets & operators Coordinating with industry groups 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 15
Contact: Dennis Johnson, Director Technology Assessment Center Transportation and Climate Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. EPA Email: johnson.dennis@epa.gov Aero: Tires: Sam Waltzer, waltzer.sam@epa.gov Julie Hawkins, hawkins.julie@epa.gov Ray Chang, chang.ray@epa.gov Arman Tanman, tanman.arman@epa.gov Joe Bachman, bachman.joseph@epa.gov Anthony Erb, erb.anthony@epa.gov References: Bachman, L., Erb, A., and Sellers, J., "Quantitative Estimate of the Relation Between Rolling Resistance on Fuel Consumption of Class 8 Tractor Trailers Using Both New and Retreaded Tires," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2425, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-2425. Waltzer, Hawkins, Mitcham, Lock, and Johnson, Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Potential Aerodynamic Drag Reductions from Trailer Aerodynamic Component Combinations, SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-2884, 2015, doi: 10.4271/2015-01-2884 Waltzer, Johnson, Wilson and Wei Fuel-Savings from Aerodynamic Efficience Improvements for Combination Tractor-Trailers Relative to Vehicle Speed, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-8133, 2016 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 16
Final Thought Get Aero Fairings Fixed They Will Save You Fuel 11/13/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 17