Urban Mobility
Our Topics Urban mobility The current challenge Urban Mobility Index 2.0 US Cities rankings Models for change
Urban mobility - autos
Urban mobility? How do people move themselves around in urban environments? o On foot o By bike o By taxi or Uber or Lyft o By auto o By bus o By train, surface or underground o By helicopter o By boat
Urban mobility? How do items like food, building supplies, etc., get moved around in urban environments? o On foot o By bike o By auto o By truck
Urban mobility? How are specialized mobility needs met? o Police cars o Fire engines o Ambulances o Disaster evacuation o Parades o Major public events (ball games, concerts)
The current challenge o Urban population is at ~53% now and heading for ~67% by 2050. o Total amount of urban travel (kilometers) will triple by 2050. o Most large cities globally suffer extensive traffic jams routinely, with huge loss of useful time and serious pollution effects. o Current prospects for improvement are not good.
What are some external challenges? Uncontrollable challenges o Weather: storms, flooding o Disasters: fires, earthquakes o Power outages
Urban Mobility Index 2.0 o Arthur D. Little consultancy, in cooperation with the International Association of Public Transport (UITP), developed a ranking system. o Used 19 criteria and examined 84 cities globally. o Results in a nutshell: Most cities are still badly equipped to cope with the challenges ahead.
Some UMI 2.0 criteria o Financial attractiveness of public transport o Share of public transport o Share of zero-emission modes o Bike sharing o Car sharing o Public transport frequency o Traffic-related fatalities o Mean travel time to work
Some US city rankings o New York 45.6 o Washington DC o Boston 40.9 o Philadelphia o Chicago 39.1 o Los Angeles o Portland OR 37.8 o Miami o Houston 34.7 o Dallas o Atlanta 32.5
Some other city rankings o Stockholm 57.4 o Vienna o Paris 55.4 o London o Berlin 51.7 o Madrid o Brussels 49.7 o Nantes o Lisbon 41.3 o Rome 40.9
Hypothetical best-in-class city o As affordable as Hong Kong o Air as pure as Stockholm s o Cycling like Amsterdam o As safe as Copenhagen o Bike sharing like Brussels and Paris o Public transport frequency like London Tube o Car sharing like Stuttgart o Minimum impact on environment like Wuhan o Short travel times like Nantes
Models for change o The Amazon model Characteristics? o The Apple model Characteristics? o The Dell model Characteristics?
Model characteristics: Amazon o o o Aggregator of third-party services Ex. smart card for one-stop travel needs Potential for retro-fitting existing systems
Model characteristics: Apple o Deep vertical integration of services o Very difficult because of current state of development and operation o Good for brand new development
Model characteristics: Dell o Improve existing (sub-)systems o Can be integrated with an Amazon-type approach
Mobility sub-systems: reminder Issues in development, synchronization, and integration for o Trains: local and suburban o Busses: local and long-haul o Taxis, limos, Uber o Car sharing o Bike sharing o Parking, repair and maintenance services o Air travel o Pedestrians
Mobility sub-systems: financing Which have financial incentive for improvement? o Trains: local and suburban o Busses: local and long-haul o Taxis, limos, Uber o Car sharing o Bike sharing o Streets, parking o Car repair and maintenance services o Air travel o Pedestrians
Mobility is a top priority for urban economic development Urban mobility infrastructure is the number one priority area for cities in attracting investors. o Mobility: 27 * o Security: 9 o City management: 6 o ICT: 6 o Education: 6 * Measure of relative importance ICT: Info and Comm Technologies
Highest need for investment in cities 2007-2017 o Mobility: 86% * o Education: 77% o Environment: 77% o Health: 74% o Security: 71% * % saying high need for investment
Mobility technology: vehicle automation State of automation (Sep.2015) Cars Drivers o Google: 48 186 o Tesla: 12 18 o Mercedes: 5 13 o Volkswagen: 3 30 o Nissan: 3 18 o Bosch, Delphi, Cruise: 2 12,9,6 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/17/self-driving-carscalifornia-regulation-google-uber-tesla
Mobility technology: vehicle automation California leads the pack. Why? o Google: first to move to scale in cars and drivers move from highway to city build purposed vehicles o Hi-tech venture capital o Hi-tech engineers, roboticists o GoMentum Station test center (state) o Development-minded government
Mobility technology: vehicle automation Google s self-driving car has been involved in its worst crash yet
Mobility technology: vehicle automation Google has confirmed that one of its self-driving vehicles sustained significant damage in a traffic accident involving a commercial van on Friday, September 23. The collision took place at the corner of W El Camino Real and Calderon Ave in Mountain View, California, when the driver of the van ran a red light and struck the passenger side of Google s Lexus RX 450 SUV.
Mobility technology: vehicle automation Earlier this year, a Google-branded self-driving car was involved in its first and only at-fault accident when it hit a public transit bus while attempting to navigate around a sandbag in the middle of the road. This latest incident wasn t the autonomous car s fault, though. In a statement issued to 9to5Google, the company revealed that the traffic light was green for at least six seconds before the vehicle entered the intersection.
Mobility technology: vehicle automation It then went on to add that thousands of crashes happen everyday on U.S. roads, and red-light running is the leading cause of urban crashes in the U.S. Human error plays a role in 94% of these crashes, which is why we re developing fully self-driving technology to make our roads safer.
Summing up urban mobility Urban mobility plays a critical role in urban economic development. It involves a large number of subsystems, typically independent. Mature cities often have an existing situation that can make steps toward integration difficult. Financing is a problem.
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