accurec recycling gmbh managing resources Accurec - bersicht Firmenportrait NiCd - NiMH Batterierecycling Gesetzlicher Hintergrund Li-Ion Batterien - Markt & EOL Recycling Technologien Li-Ion WW
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien Accurec Recycling GmbH company managing director: Reiner Weyhe engineer p.h.d Albrecht Melber engineer p.h.d core business: EOL battery recycler capacity: 6.000 t/a structure: SME small - medium - enterprise size: 30 employees turnover: 8-10 Mio! History foundation of ACCUREC NiCd lab scale plant regular unlimited permission 500 t/a start of NiCd recycling production expansion capacity 2500 t/a start R&D NiMH recycling BMBF - project 1995 1996 1998 2000 2001 start R&D Li-Ion-consumer expansion capacity 4000 t/a 2005 member of national platform electromobility start EcoBatRec Li-Ion 2012 implementation Krefeld-plant 2015
business segments nationwide reverse logistic service for EOL batteries recycling of Nickel-Cadmium batteries recycling of Nickel-Metal-Hydrid batteries recycling of Li-Ion batteries recycling of Photo Voltaic Modules <>
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien Nickel-Cadmium-Batterien NiCd battery packs 40000 impact mill magnetic seperation plastic / electronics 30000 single cell 20000 charge container charge VTR-furnace 10000 evacuation to 1 mbar safety routine 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 incremental heating & evaporation condensation Ressourcenpotenzial Tonnen/Jahr ww* Eisen Cadmium Nickel electrolyte / hydrocarbons cool & deload cadmium NiFe - scrap
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien Nickel-Metall-Hydrid Batterien NiMH battery packs 40000 30000 impact mill magnetic seperation plastic / electronics single cell 20000 10000 VTR heating & evaporation condensation electrolyte / hydrocarbons 0 NiFe - scrap mechanical treatement & separation steel 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Ressourcenpotenzial Tonnen/Jahr ww* EAF electric arc furnace grinding slag Eisen Seltene Erden Nickel NiCo - alloy leaching precipitation Rear Earth concentrate
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien status quo ww (excl. Jp): portable battery recycling capacities 2014 t/a Alkaline NiCd Li-P Li-Ion NiMH total France 6.500 3.000 2.000 11.500 Germany 15.000 1.500 500 1.500 3.000 21.500 Spain 3.000 3.000 Belgium 3.000 7.000 2.000 12.000 Sweden 1.000 1.000 Poland 1.500 1.500 Switzerland 3.000 3.000 Canada 2.000 3.000 5.000 USA 3.000 1.500 2.000 6.500 total 28.500 4.000 2.500 11.500 7.000 Recycling capacity ww (excl. Jp) (t/y) 30.000 22.500 15.000 7.500 0 France Germany Spain Belgium Sweden Switzerland Canada Poland USA <> Alkaline NiCd Li Li-Ion NiMH
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market market development and prognosis Li-Ion Put on Market (POM EU-25) by application 50.000 45.000 40.000 35.000 ESS )*+,-.$$$/01$$23!($456$ 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000!"#$$$%!&#'&$%!(#&$$%!)#!'&% '$#(&$% ''#"(&% '*#$$$% Automotive E-bikes Powertool Other Consumer Portable PC 5.000 Mobile Phone 0!""#$!"%"$!"%%$!"%!$!"%&$!"%'$!"%($ Jahr 789:$
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market market development and prognosis Li-Ion Put on Market (POM EU-25) by chemistry 50.000 45.000 40.000 Li-Ion Sales EU25 by chemistry (t) 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 LMO NCA LFP NCM LCO 5.000 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market market development and prognosis EOL Li-Ion batteries ready for collection (EU-25) 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 LMO NCA LFP NCM LCO 10.000 5.000 0
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market market development and prognosis Li-Ion batteries prognosis of collection (EU-25) 10.000 9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 LMO NCA LFP NCM LCO 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market market development and prognosis prognosis of main metals from EoL Li-Ion (EU-25) 7.000 6.000 P 5.000 Ni Mn 4.000 3.000 2.000 Co Fe Al Cu 1.000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien market losses - inefficient battery collection network - inefficient WEEE collection network - batteries fully integrated in appliances #!$!!!" (#$!!!" (!$!!!" '#$!!!" '!$!!!"!"#$%&'()*' &#$!!!" &!$!!!" %#$!!!" EOL Discarded Batteries -./"01"2314" EOL controlled collection 50664784/"109"947:763.;"8<4094=7>6" EOL batteries recycled 50664784/"109"947:763.;" %!$!!!" #$!!!"!" &!%%" &!%&" &!%'" &!%(" &!%#" &!%)" &!%*" &!%+" &!%," &!&!" +,-.'
technical options technical evaluation of recycling efficiency Li-Ion EOL battery mechanical pyro- dismantling hydro- cryogenic o!gas discharging mech. shredding (cryogenic) deactivation (thermal) preparation o!gas x x mech. separation Fe o!gas pyro-metal. treatment H2SO4 ßue dust slag NaOH dissolution residues Co-Ni-Cu alloy NaOH precipitation Cu/Ni Co/Mn/Fe Li - carbonate recovery waste water RE (legal minimum 50%) + 15 % 30-40 % 40-60 % recycled elements (Non recycled elements) Al Co, Ni, Cu, Fe (Al, Mn, Li) Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al (Al? Li?)
Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries EcoBatRec advanced Lion processing material ßow Li-Ion Battery Modul 100% disassembly / sorting by type Battery Cell Cell Cluster electronic parts steel components Cu - cabel plastic components autothermal pyrolysis condensation crack oil (substitute oil) multi-step, subsequent and linked mechanical treatment Cu-Al fraktion separation ferro-magnet. cases aluminum cases steel stainless steel aluminum foils copper foils aktive mass from electrodes vaccum - evaporation of Li alternativ drag gas evaporation of Li Lithium-metal respective Lithiumoxide state funded R&D project period 2012-2016 Metallurgie Prozesstechnik Recycling metall concentrate for existing industrial process routes 80% of battery modul undergoes mechanical treatment, only 20% pyrometallurgy
Recycling von Li-Ion Batterien Li-Ion Battery Modul Demontage / Sortierung nach Subtypen Battery Cell Cell Cluster plastic components! electronic elements! cables! aluminium components! cells! steel components! connectors!
Recycling of Lithium-Ionen-EV batteries vacuum-thermal pyrolysis prepared batteries to vessel 7./" 7. /"7% /" 7%/( 7% /(7& /( 7& 7./"7%/(7& 7./" 7. /"7% /" 7%/( 7% /(7& /( 7& </55 </ 55/8 55 /8 </55 </ </55/8, 55/8 55 /8!"#$%!"#$%& conden condensation ensa en sation sati sa tion ti on '()$*# *#$% *# $% '()$*#$%& #;*</& #; #;*</& #+8/ #+ #+8/, 8/ 9(:/ 9( :/#* :/ #*+( #* +(&&& +( 9(:/#*+(& 9(:/ 9( :/#* :/ #*+( #* +(& +( #+() #+ ()/( () /(5" /( 5"7+ 7+. 7+ #+() #+ ()/( () /(5" /(5" 5"7+ 5" 7+... 7+ #+()/(5"7+.,!"##!" ##$% ## $%& $%!"##$%&!"##!" ##$% ## $%&&& $% '()$ '( )$#* )$ #*+( #* +( '()$#*+(, '()$ '( )$#* )$ #*+( #* +( -$.( -$.(#".( #"#/ #" #/ -$.( -$.(#".( #"#/ #" #/ -$.(#"#/, Cu! Cu Al! Al %/7" %/ 7"8& 7" 8& %/7"8& %/7" %/ 7"8& 7" 8& #+() #+ ()/( () /(5+ /( 5+... 5+ #+()/(5+., #+() #+ ()/( () /(5+ /( 5+. 5+ 0 0& #1"% #1 "%2/ 2/.&.& 0"%2/.&, "% 2/ +34" +3 4"55 6"51 51/. +34"5,6"51/., 4" /. 6" 51 to mechanical treatment active active! mass! ma m ass as s
Recycling of Lithium-batteries atmospheric pyrolysis packaged / moderated Li-batteries o!gas-cleaning to mechanical treatment
Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries Alternative pyrometallurgisches Processing der Aktiven Masse (II) active mass CoMnNi/Li/C event. binder / slag agents mixing / pelletizing CoMnNi/Li/C-Pellets Electric Vacuum Induction Ofen sintered CoMnNi destilated Li-Metall Metallurgie Prozesstechnik Recycling
Recycling of Lithium-batteries ACCUREC plant Krefeld 40.000 sqm preliminary permit 10/2013 (storage and sorting) final permit expected 12/2014 (treatment) capacity 2015: 60000 t/a 4000t/a Lion portable/ 600 t/a Lion industrial batteries
Recycling of Li- Batteries summery Li-Ion - Process - hybrid method of mechanical and thermal treatment - low energy consumption - charging state of hybrid module not of interest - disassembly down to cell level not necessarily needed - high RE recycling efficiency due to reduced losses - economic advantages due to early integration to industrial routes - economic potential to recycle Lithium
Recycling of PV-Modules ACCUREC plant Krefeld first dedicated recycling plant for PV-Modules 2015 initial capacity: 2000 t/a