Role of the Smart Grid in Managing the Integration of Wind and Solar Power Generation Invited Lecture at Istanbul Technical University 26 November 2010 Istanbul, Turkey Prof. Saifur Rahman Building Blocks of the Smart Grid Source: NIST 1
4/9/11 This is the Electric Power Grid Source: www.sxc.hu 3 Star:ng and End Points of a Smart Grid From Generator to Refrigerator Power Plant Transmission Distribution Home Business End-use Appliances 2
4/9/11 Smart Grid Defini:on According to United States Department of Energy s modern grid ini:a:ve, an intelligent or a smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods and integrated communica:ons into the current electricity grid. 5 Why is the Smart Grid Important? It helps to integrate intermittent sources of generation into the electric power grid. Short term load control for a large number of enduse devices makes it possible to get quick load relief to match fluctuations in generation. 6 3
Renewable Energy Integra:on Ongoing research at ARI: MW Fluctuation in wind resources (Texas Data) MW Explore demand response and storage control techniques to integrate high- capacity wind and solar farms of different sizes, different resource regimes, and different grid characteris:cs (e.g. urban vs remote loca:ons). Wind forecasting errors (Oregon Data) BPA forecast and actual wind power output May 19, 2010 Determine proper storage sizes that can enable large- scale renewable integra:on and help mi:gate forecas:ng errors Wind power output, MW 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Forecast Wind Actual Wind 0 1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 193 205 217 229 241 253 265 277 24-hour day, 5-min intervals 7 Is Storage a Possible Solu:on? Very large scale storage is site specific It is also technology specific and not universally applicable 8 4
Supply- driven Demand as Opposed to Demand- driven Supply Load has to be managed to absorb fluctua:ons in supply Higher capacity and interrup:ble loads need to be equipped for intermivent control without interfering with the customer s life- style 9 Merging Power Flow with Information Flow: Integrated Communications 10 5
Electric Power & Communica:on Infrastructures 1.Power Infrastructure Data network Users Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer 2. Information Infrastructure Control Center Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Recip Engine Microturbine Distribution Substation Photo voltaics Residential Data Concentrator Recip Engine Fuel cell Commercial Cogeneration Batteries Flywheel Residential Industrial Commercial Source: EPRI 11 Opera:on of a Smart Grid A smart grid must allow bi- direc:onal flow of electricity based on available intelligence and user preferences 6
Demand Response Demand Response is a customer action to control load to meet a certain target. Here the customer chooses what load to control and for how long. This is different from DSM where the load is controlled by the electric utility and the customer has no control beyond the initial consent. Demand Response Load Control at the customer level can provide significant short term load reduc:on It is a cheaper op:on to meet peak genera:on requirements How to incen:vize the customer? 14 7
Flexible demand response scheme: Customer choice VT Model The proposed DR scheme q Offers customers flexible participation in DR program q Is an intelligent program, i.e. at any time the system operator knows with certainty how much load reduction can be achieved (active two-way communication with customers) q Lets customers control their end-use appliances according to their need (except under grid emergency situations) q Encourages customer participation by enabling automatic in-home power consumption management, along with real-time pricing and power-use information display/alert An overview of Home Management System (HMS) Home Management System: q Is an intelligent device that manages power consumption of end-use appliances at the customer property (house, building) q Has a two-way communication capability q Is equipped with certain sensor and control devices q Has an user-friendly interface (a display and input options) 8
How does HMS work? Home Management System 1) Calculates a satisfactory power consumption plan for the house HVAC Dryer 2) Communicates with the substation during loadcontrol process Home Management System (HMS) 3) Controls major household appliances to achieve the agreed level of power consumption amount 4) Controlled appliances: HVAC, PHEV, water heater, clothes dryer (240V loads) PHEV Water heater GE Energy Management and Demand Response Appliances Source: http://www.geconsumerproducts.com/pressroom/press_releases/company/company/smart_meter_pilot09.htm 9
Summary Flexible demand response scheme GRID OPERATOR HVAC Wireless communication Dryer Substations Flexible DR Home Management System (HMS) Customer full control & comfort Smart meter Home Management System (HMS) PHEV Optimized power-use Water heater Customers Customers 4-phase scheme: Grid è Substation è Customer è End-use equipment control by HMS Building Blocks of the Smart Grid Saifur Rahman 10
Opportunities for US-MMC Collaboration on Research & Development and Education in Energy and Information Systems Discussion at Istanbul Technical University 26 November 2010 Istanbul, Turkey Prof. Saifur Rahman Interna:onal Collabora:ve Opportunity VT- ARI conducts research in the following areas, and is open to interna:onal collabora:ve opportuni:es. Energy and Informa3on Systems Area 1 Smart Grid and Secure comm. Area 2 Renewable energy integra:on Area 3 Informa:on assurance Area 4 Energy efficiency Area 5 Electric vehicle & Storage 22 11
4/9/11 Area 1: Smart Grid and Secure Communica:on A simula:on test bed is being developed at VT- ARI that can: - Analyze the performance and controllability of different types and sizes of DG units NaS Battery Wind Turbine Fuel Cells Solar PV Smart Grid Geothermal - Analyze different load control algorithms and communica:on protocols - Analyze system security and resiliency under diverse opera:ng condi:ons 23 Electric Power & Communica:on Infrastructures 1.Power Infrastructure Data network Users Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer Distribution Substation Control Center 2. Information Infrastructure Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Recip Engine Distribution Substation Microturbine Residential Data Concentrator Recip Engine Commercial Fuel cell Photo voltaics Cogeneration Batteries Flywheel Industrial Commercial Residential Source: EPRI 24 12
Area 2: Renewable Energy Integra:on Ongoing research at ARI: MW Fluctuation in wind resources (Texas Data) MW Explore demand response and storage control techniques to integrate high- capacity wind and solar farms of different sizes, different resource regimes, and different grid characteris:cs (e.g. urban vs remote loca:ons). Wind forecasting errors (Oregon Data) BPA forecast and actual wind power output May 19, 2010 Determine proper storage sizes that can enable large- scale renewable integra:on and help mi:gate forecas:ng errors Wind power output, MW 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Forecast Wind Actual Wind 0 1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 193 205 217 229 241 253 265 277 24-hour day, 5-min intervals 25 Area 3: Informa:on Assurance 26 13
4/9/11 Area 4: Energy Efficiency Ongoing research at ARI includes comparison of performance and power consump:on of: - Various energy efficient ligh:ng technologies - Various water hea:ng technologies - This includes analysis of the reduc:on in emission outputs. LED (light emiang diode) HPS (high pressure sodium) Solar water heater Geothermal water heater 27 Area 5: Electric Vehicles & Storage Ongoing research at ARI: - Evalua:on of the impacts of charging EVs in a residen:al distribu:on network - Explore various storage types (sodium sulfur bavery, ice storage, compress air energy storage, etc) and determine op:mal storage size for both community- scale and large- scale applica:ons Charging EVs can overload distribution transformers Target: Peak load reduction and load factor improvement 28 14
ICEIS - International Center for Energy & Information Systems 29 Virtual Center of Excellence for Interna:onal Collabora:on ICEIS = International Center for Energy & Information Systems A virtual organiza:on which supports the community of researchers and their industrial counterparts in the Muslim Majority Countries through linkages among exis:ng centers in regional hubs. We will start with energy and informa:on systems including secure data communica:on. Target Universi3es in the Regional Hub Countries Istanbul Technical University (Istanbul, Turkey) Cairo University (Cairo, Egypt) Princess Sumayya University (Amman, Jordan) Universi:es in UAE and Qatar Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (Dhaka, Bangladesh) Ins:tut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor, Indonesia) 30 15
Center Hub in Turkey @ Istanbul Technical University 31 ICEIS - Central Asia 32 16
Virginia Tech can facilitate the US- MMC collabora:ve R&D and Educa:on Center for Energy and the Global Environment at Virginia Tech has exis:ng linkages with many MMC universi:es and research organiza:ons. As an IEEE Dis:nguished Lecturer, Professor Rahman visited universi:es and has given lectures at close to 20 Muslim Majority Countries. Professor Saifur Rahman is the chair of the US Na:onal Science Founda:on (NSF) Advisory CommiVee for Interna:onal Science and Engineering and interacts closely with policy makers. Center for Energy & the Global Environment www.ceage.vt.edu 17
VT Advanced Research Ins:tute www.ari.vt.edu www.ari.vt.edu/wind-egypt 36 18
4/9/11 www.ari.vt.edu/internet 37 Smart Grid Informa:on Clearinghouse www.sgiclearinghouse.org 19
Smart Grid Projects > 200 Projects In-Depth Information International Information > 50 International projects 20
4/9/11 Deployment Experience > 200 Use cases > 90 Lessons learned > 100 Cost-benefit analyses > 30 Business cases Thank you Source: PNNL, USA Prof. Saifur Rahman www.ceage.vt.edu 21