Codes and Standards: Focusing on the Sustainability Aspects of Electrical Installations What, Why and How? Ark Tsisserev, P.Eng Safe technical systems. Everywhere. FRM-1483-00
Codes and Standards: Focusing on the Sustainability Aspects of Electrical Installations What, Why and How? 1. Canadian Electrical Safety System 2. Compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 for lighting control 3. Installation of renewable Energy Systems (Section 64 of the CE Code) 4. Interconnection of electric power production sources (Section 84 of the CE Code) 5. Installation of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Systems (Section 86 of the CE Code). British Columbia Safety Authority
1. CANADIAN ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEM
Electrical Product Manufacturers Accredited Certification Organizations ELECTRICAL SAFETY Codes & Standards Regulatory Regime (adoption and enforcement of codes and standards) 4
2. COMPLIANCE WITH ASHRAE 90.1 FOR LIGHTING CONTROL
City of Vancouver 2014 VBBL, July 1, 2014 ASHRAE 90.1 2010, Jan 21, 2014 Compliance forms due at BP + verification at project completion British Columbia 2012 BCBC ASHRAE 90.1 2010, Dec 20, 2013 http://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/large-buildingenergy-requirements-forms-checklists.aspx http://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/ashrae-2010- supporting-documents.aspx British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 8 Power New minimum efficiencies for transformers (600V 208V) Automatic receptacle control for 50% of receptacles in offices (private and open) and computer classrooms o Control via time of day, such as office hours, o Control via occupancy sensor for 30 minutes of inactivity. Exception= Relocation of existing equipment at same site British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 9 Lighting and Controls Automatic shut-off required in all spaces Control via time of day, such as office hours, Control via occupancy sensor for 30 minutes of inactivity. Automatic control: manual on or automatic on to maximum 50% Exceptions include public areas such as corridors, stairwells, restrooms, entrances and lobbies etc. British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 9 Lighting and Controls Alterations Applicable to new construction and alterations > 10% of connected lighting load (previously was 50%), Applicable to alterations that increase the previously installed LPD, If exceeded, then LPD compliance & automatic controls required in the area of renovation. British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 9 Lighting and Controls Occupancy sensors required for majority of spaces (Vacancy if pursuing HPB NC program with BC Hydro) Exceptions include spaces with multi-scene control, shops and labs Daylight controls are required near glazing British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 9 Lighting and Controls Mandatory commissioning for all controls including functional testing. Commissioning agent must be independent and verification documentation is required at project completion. British Columbia Safety Authority
Section 10 Other Equipment Elevators Minimum lighting efficacy of 35 lumens per Watt Ventilation fans restrictions Elevator cab lighting and ventilation must turn off when unused for more than 15 minutes Approach to design must change Consider lighter finishes Prewire furniture wiring details will change as automatic control, per furniture integrated luminaire, is required Parking structures must have painted walls and ceilings Cannot use slim profile luminaires everywhere Electrical budgets cannot be value engineered Money required for controls in general Trend towards vacancy versus occupancy sensors Everything to be accounted for, decorative and functional British Columbia Safety Authority
3. INSTALLATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS (SECTION 64 OF THE CE CODE)
64-000 Scope (see Appendix B) (1) This Section applies to the installation of renewable energy systems except where the voltage and current are limited in accordance with Rule 16-200(1)(a) and (b) (2) This Section supplements or amends the general requirements of this Code.
64-002 Special terminology (see Appendix B) In this Section, the following definitions apply: AC module a complete, environmentally protected assembly of interconnected solar cells, inverter, and other components designed to generate ac power from sunlight. Array a mechanical integrated assembly of photovoltaic modules with a support structure and foundation, tracking, and other components as required, to form a power producing unit. Auxiliary grounding electrode a grounding electrode that augments equipment grounding and that is not required to be directly connected to the electrode(s) that makes up the grounding electrode system. Bipolar system a solar photovoltaic system that has two monopole photovoltaic source or output circuits, each having opposite polarity to a common reference point or center tap.
Fuel cell a device that generates a dc electrical current by the electrochemical combination of a continuously supplied fuel and oxidant (see Appendix B). Fuel cell system a system consisting of one or more fuel cells and associated equipment that produces usable electricity. Portable fuel cell system a fuel cell power system that is not intended to be permanently fastened or otherwise secured in a specific location. Stationary fuel cell system a permanently installed fuel cell power system.
Hydraulic turbine equipment that converts the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water to mechanical energy. Hydrokinetic power system a system operating as an interconnected or standalone system and consisting of one or more hydrokinetic turbines that convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into electrical energy with a rated output up to and including100 kw (see Appendix B). Hydrokinetic turbine electrical system all electrical equipment from the hydrokinetic turbine generator terminals to the point of distributed resource connection, including equipment for power transmission, power conditioning, energy storage, grounding, bonding, and communications.
Interactive system a power production system that operates in parallel with and can deliver power to another system, such as a supply authority system. Inverter (see Appendix B) Combination inverter/power conditioning unit (PCU) equipment that is used to invert dc into ac either at a fixed voltage and frequency in a standalone system or following an imposed waveform in a utilityinteractive system. Power conditioning unit (PCU) equipment that is used to change voltage level or waveform, or otherwise alter or regulate the output of a power source. Utility-interactive inverter an inverter intended for use in parallel with an electric utility and that uses the prevailing line-voltage frequency on the utility line as a control parameter to ensure that the renewable energy system s output is fully synchronized with the utility power.
Micro-hydropower system Battery-based micro-hydropower system a microhydropower system that uses batteries for energy storage, usually in less than 5 kw capacities. Micro-hydropower system a system with a rated output of 100 kw or less operating as an interconnected or stand-alone system and consisting of one or more hydraulic turbines that convert energy derived from flowing and falling water primarily by utilizing the available head difference.
Photovoltaic combiner an assembly of buses and connections, that may contain over current protective devices, control apparatus, switches, or other equipment, that connects photovoltaic source circuits or the outputs of other combiners together to create an output at higher current, higher voltage, or both. Photovoltaic Module A complete, and environmentally protected assembly of interconnected solar cells. Application Class A photovoltaic module an unrestricted access module approved and marked for use in solar photovoltaic systems operating in excess of 50 V dc or in excess of 240 W. Application Class B photovoltaic module a restricted access module approved and marked for use in solar photovoltaic systems where the module is inaccessible to the public. Application Class C photovoltaic module a limited voltage, unrestricted access module, approved and marked for use in photovoltaic systems operating at 50 V dc or less and 240 W or less.
Renewable energy energy derived from resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, water, tides, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy system a complete assembly consisting of equipment that converts renewable energy into electrical energy suitable for connection to a utilization load (see Appendix B). Solar cell the basic photovoltaic device that generates electricity when exposed to light. Solar photovoltaic systems the total components and subsystems that in combination convert solar energy into electrical energy suitable for connection to a utilization load. Stand-alone system a system that supplies power independently of a supply authority s electrical production and distribution network.
Large wind system a system consisting of one or more wind turbines with a rated power output exceeding 100 kw. Small wind system a system consisting of one or more wind turbines with a rated output up to and including 100 kw. Wind turbine mechanical equipment that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy and includes all electrical components and circuits within the wind turbine structure. Wind turbine electrical system a system consisting of all the electrical equipment integral to the wind turbine, including the wind turbine terminals, generators, inverters, controllers, and equipment for grounding, bonding, and communications up to the point of common coupling to the load or grid. Wind turbine generator (WTG) all electrical equipment and circuits within the wind turbine structure, to the point of coupling to the load or grid. Wind turbine generator (WTG) system a system that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
64-028 Interconnections to other circuits (see Appendix B) Where an installation is supplied from a renewable energy system that is not intended to be interconnected with a supply authority, the switching equipment controlling the systems shall be constructed or arranged so that it will be impossible to accidentally switch on power from one source before power from another has been cut off.
64-108 Connection to other sources (see Appendix B) Only inverters and ac modules specifically approved for the purpose and identified as interactive shall be permitted in interactive systems.
64-216 Photovoltaic system rapid shutdown (1) A photovoltaic system rapid shutdown device shall be provided for a photovoltaic system installed on buildings or structures where the photovoltaic source or output circuit conductors installed on or in buildings are more than 1.5 m in length or more than 3 m from a photovoltaic array. (2) A photovoltaic system rapid shutdown device shall limit photovoltaic source or output circuits to not more than 30 volts and 240 volt-amperes within 10 seconds of rapid shutdown initiation.
4. INTERCONNECTION OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION SOURCES (SECTION 84 OF THE CE CODE)
84-002 General requirement (see Appendix B) The interconnection arrangements shall be in accordance with the requirements of the supply authority. 84-004 Interconnection The outputs of interconnected electric power production sources shall provide protection against back-feed into a supply authority system fault. 84-006 Synchronization Electric power production sources shall be equipped with the necessary means to establish and maintain a synchronous condition without adverse effect on the interconnected system.
84-008 Loss of supply authority voltage (see Appendix B) (1) Unless an alternative procedure is followed in accordance with the requirements of the supply authority, electric power production sources shall, upon loss of voltage in one or more phases of the supply authority system, (a) be automatically disconnected from all ungrounded conductors of the supply authority system that the electric power production source feeds; and (b) not be reconnected until the normal voltage of the supply authority system is restored. (2) An inverter suitable for interconnection with electric power production sources and designed to serve as a disconnection device shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of Subrule (1) if approved by the supply authority.
84-020 Disconnecting means Electric power production source Disconnecting means shall be provided to disconnect simultaneously all ungrounded conductors of any electric power production source of an interconnected system from all circuits supplied by the electric power production source equipment. 84-022 Disconnecting means Supply authority system (see Appendix B) Disconnecting means shall be provided to disconnect simultaneously all the electric power production sources from the supply authority system.
5. INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS (SECTION 86 OF THE CE CODE)
Electric vehicle supply equipment - a complete assembly consisting of conductors, connectors, devices, apparatus, and fittings installed specifically for the purpose of power transfer and information exchange between the branch circuit and the electric vehicle (see Appendix B).
Electric vehicle (see Appendix B) an automotive-type vehicle for highway use on public roads that (a) includes passenger automobiles, buses, trucks, vans, low-speed vehicles, motorcycles, etc. and similar vehicles, powered by an one or more electric motors(s) that draws current from a fuel cell, photovoltaic array, rechargeable energy storage system (such as a battery or capacitor), fuel cell, photovoltaic array, or other source of electric current.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) A type of electric vehicle having an additional energy source for motive power.
86-300 Branch circuits (see Appendix B) (1) Electric vehicle charging supply equipment shall be supplied by a separate branch circuit that supplies no other loads except ventilation equipment intended for use with the electric vehicle supply equipment. (2) Notwithstanding Subrule (1), electric vehicle supply equipment shall be permitted to be supplied from a branch circuit supplying other load(s) provided that control equipment prevents simultaneous operation of the electric vehicle supply equipment with other circuit loads such that the calculated demand of the circuit is not exceeded. (3) For the purpose of Subrule (2), the calculated demand shall be determined in accordance with Section 8.
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