Current Trends in the Development of Green Ports APP 102 nd Annual Conference August 16-19, 2015 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Agenda Introduction to M&N Services Current Trends in the Development of Green Ports Development of a State-of-the-Art Container Terminal
Six Practices
Company Overview Founded in 1945 Organic growth One hire at a time, one office at a time Philosophy: Be the Best, Not the Biggest Technical excellence & creativity Strong professional practices Excellent customer service 600+ employees Private and public sector clients More than 8,000 projects Majority revenues from marine related work
Agenda Introduction to M&N Services Current Trends in the Development of Green Ports Development of a State-of-the-Art Container Terminal
Challenges in Making a Port Green CO2 NOX, SO2 DPM
Port Component of Nox Emissions in Southern California - 2005
Port Component of Nox Emissions in Southern California - 2020
Objective of a Green Port Reliable and Appropriate Infrastructure Terminal Facility Rail Network and Rail Intermodal Facility Highway Network Policies Consistent with the Objective PierPass Clean Truck Program Shore Power Regulation Auxiliary Engine Fuel Rule Vessel Speed Reduction Main Engine Fuel Rule Drayage Truck Rule Harbor Craft Rule Cargo Handling Equipment Rule
RELIABLE & APPROPRIATE INFRASTRUCTURE
RELIABLE & APPROPRIATE INFRASTRUCTURE
Policies Consistent with the Objective PierPass Traffic Mitigation Fee For Cargo Movement During Peak Hours (Monday Through Friday, 3 am to 6pm) Clean Truck Program Banning trucks that do not meet clean truck standards Shore Power Regulation Ships must plug in to shore power and turn off their auxiliary engines while at ports Applies to cruise ships, reefer ships, container ships Any fleet calling more than 25 times per year must comply Any ship that is capable of using shore power and is calling at a berth equipped with shore power must plug in
Policies Consistent with the Objective Auxiliary Engine Fuel Rule Ships must burn low sulfur fuel in their auxiliary engines 0.1% sulfur limit effective 2010 Vessel Speed Reduction Program is voluntary (incentivized with reduced port fees and Green Ship recognition) Vessels asked to slow to 12 knots Only applies to certain areas, 24-40 nm around key ports
Policies Consistent with the Objective Main Engine Fuel Rule Mandates low sulfur fuel within 24 nm of coast Focuses on PM emissions Ships must burn low sulfur fuel in main engines, aux engines, and boilers 0.1% sulfur limit effective January 2014 Ships can apply for a safety exemption, for cases where ships may lose power when switching to distillate fuel
Policies Consistent with the Objective Drayage Truck Rule Old model year trucks not allowed to call at ports and rail yards Truck model year requirements become stricter on a schedule Model year 2010 and newer may call any time Picking up a container and parking it right outside the terminal for drayage by a non-complying truck is illegal.
Policies Consistent with the Objective Harbor Craft Rule Applies to tugs, ferries, supply ships, work boats, fishing boats, etc Focuses on PM and NOx Engines must meet standards over a compliance schedule Cargo Handling Equipment Rule Applies to RTG cranes, forklifts, yard trucks, top picks, side picks, etc. working in ports or rail yards Engines must be replaced or retrofit to reach standards
Pollutants & Polluters PM10 PM2.5 NOX S02 CO HC 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% OGV HDV CHE RL HC Contribution of various sources to the emissions of an East Coast port (source: Moffatt & Nichol). The best strategy for reducing emissions depends on which type of emissions are targeted.
Tons per Day, Diesel PM Ships Coming to the Forefront as Cargo Grows and Mature Truck Regulation Takes Effect Diesel PM Generated by Goods Movement in California From CARB Goods Movement Reduction Plan, 3/06 Note: All California Goods Movement, Not Just International / Port Related 40 35 30 25 Trucks Ships 20 15 10 Ships Trucks 5 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Year Ships Harbor Craft Cargo Handling Equipment Trucks Tranport Refrigeration Units Locomotives
Source Control (Control Air Emissions) The source of emissions are engines Ocean-Going Vessels (OGV) Harbor Craft (HC) Cargo Handling Equipment (CHE) Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) Rail Locomotives (RL) Source control measures include catalytic converters, scrubbers, engine replacement, cleaner fuels, switching from diesel to electric power, cold-ironing Source control measures do not focus on reducing the amount of energy used
Process Control (Control Amount of Energy Consumed) The goal is to reduce the total amount of energy used to move a container from its origin to its destination Process control measures include Reduced idling and queuing times Increased double-cycling Reduced energy demand (slowing down) Less driving during congestion hours
Agenda Introduction to M&N Services Current Trends in the Development of Green Ports Development of a State-of-the-Art Container Terminal
Changes Influencing the Industry The Driving Factors For Change E 3 Environmentally Sustainable (lowest energy consumption) Economical (making a business case) Efficient (delivering capacity, speed and reliability at lowest cost)
Current Trends in Container Terminal Development What is an Automated Terminal? Robotic Operation Vessel Quay Crane Container Yard Outside Truck Manned Main Trolley Automated Secondary Trolley Automated Horizontal Transport AGV s Automated Container Stacking, Retrieval, Shuffling ASC s Semi- Automated Delivery to Outside Truck
AUTOMATED TERMINAL
CURRENT TRENDS OF CONTAINER TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT DP World, Dubai
CURRENT TRENDS IN CONTAINER TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT AGV
CURRENT TRENDS OF CONTAINER TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT Lift AGV Courtesy of Gottwald Port Technology 27
AUTOMATED STACKING CRANES
CURRENT TRENDS OF CONTAINER TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT RC desk at Newport, Busan
Current Trends of Container Terminal Development - Logistics & TOS Apply state of the art logistics (operational/functional rules) Design for high utilization of resources (24/7 equipment) Vessel Yard Design for process change and improvements (flexible/adaptable) Gate TOS Rail
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