A 6..6 Committee of Inquiry into Emission Measurements in the Automotive Sector Additional written questions to Ms Elżbieta BIEŃKOWSKA Follow-up to the EMIS hearing of September 6 No Question During the EMIS hearing you stated that the JRC stands ready to support national authorities in their investigations related to the dieselgate scandal. However, when Valeria Sanzari, Procure della Repubblica at the Tribunal of Padova asked the JRC to run some tests on a Porsche vehicle under investigation in order to get reliable and neutral test results, the JRC refused to offer its services. Can you explain why the JRC decided not to follow up on the request made by the Italian judiciary? How is this in line with statements that you made earlier that you would allow JRC to help if a national authority would make such a request? The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) on 9 May6 received from the Italian public prosecutor, office of Padova, a request asking JRC to perform, as prosecutor's technical consultant, a number of car emissions tests for the new Porsche Cayenne 5 vehicle type, with the purpose to verify the presence or not of defeat devices, i.e. devices that can affect the results of type approval tests.. The JRC supports the development and implementation of European type-approval legislation through developing new testing methodologies and technological options for reducing vehicle emissions and for increasing their energy efficiency. However, the current legislative framework does not foresee that the Commission, and the JRC in particular, checks the conformity or type-approves vehicles entering the EU market, or looks for defeat devices as requested by the Italian Prosecutor. Market surveillance is the responsibility of the Member States. While the proposal for a revised type approval framework foresees a supervisory role for the Commission in market surveillance, the outcome of the ongoing legislative process cannot be pre-empted. The Commission concluded that it was inappropriate for the JRC to accept a specific request of a national judicial authority at this point in time, in particular from a prosecutor's office that aims to establish a liability of a car manufacturer. In contrast, upon request of Type-Approval Authority of an EU Member State, the JRC can verify test results by performing testing at its laboratory.
No Question The above basis has been explained to the Prosecutor in the reply letter sent on 4 July 6. In recent months, the JRC did some on-road PEMS tests on multiple Euro 6 vehicles from different manufacturers. The results of these tests have so far not been made public and have not been transmitted to the European Parliament. During the hearing, you promised that the data of these tests would be made available to the EMIS committee. When will the test results be made available to the EMIS committee in a non-anonymized way?. During the visit of the EMIS delegation to Ispra, ongoing tests with cars in the lab and on road with PEMS have been mentioned. On the question if these data could be made available, JRC responded at the time that it was still ongoing work. The tests are part of the tasks within an Administrative Arrangement signed with DG GROW. In annex you find the detailed test results from 4 cars (Audi A, Skoda Yeti, Citroen Cactus, Ford Fiesta) as performed by the JRC.
Annex I Vehicle Test Report (Short Version) - Audi A VW5 August, 6 A. Vehicle details Table : Vehicle specification Vehicle Make: AUDI Vehicle Type: Vehicle Class: Vehicle Identification Number: Model Year: Vehicle Identification Number: Emissions Standard: Transmission Type: Number of Gears: Odometer Reading: Engine Capacity in cm: Engine Family: Engine Type: Emissions Control Technologies: Nominal Fuel Tank Capacity: Tyre Type: Tyre Dimensions: A M VW5 5 WAUZZZ8VF968 Euro6 Auto 6 447 968 TDI DIESEL LNT + DPF NA Pirelli 5/45/R7 Figure : Vehicle tested
B. Tests conducted Type Table : Laboratory tests conducted Repeats Standard NEDC According to ECE R8 NEDC - Hot vehicle NEDC @ C - Cold Vehicle NEDC @ C - Cold Vehicle NEDC @ 4WD chassis dynamometer - Cold Vehicle NEDC @ 4WD chassis dynamometer - Hot Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load @ 4WD chassis dynamometer - Cold Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load @ 4WD chassis dynamometer - Hot Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load @ C - 4WD chassis dynamometer - Cold Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load @ C - 4WD chassis dynamometer - Cold Vehicle Table : On-road tests conducted Type Repeats RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Generic test protocol: Version /8/6 Application by the JRC: Version /8/6
C. Laboratory Emissions Results Average results for the repeated tests Tests with DPF regeneration excluded Table 4: Average laboratory emission factors Type NOx [mg/km] HC [mg/km] CO [mg/km] CO [g/km] PN [E+9/km] 7. 7.6 7.6 5 9.94 6.44 4.5 59.8 76. NEDC C Cold 9.8 4.47 55.66 6.6 5.6 NEDC C Cold 77.7 8.7 47.9 46..88 NEDC 4W Cold 5.7 7.84 9.4 65..5 57..5 5.8 54.7 58.5 WLTP LRL 4W Cold.6 5.7 7.69 75.6 878.6 WLTP LRL 4W Hot 9. 9. 4.44 77. 6.674 WLTP LRL 4W C Cold 8.8 7.48 49.59 76. 8.6 WLTP LRL 4W C Cold 5. 7. 4.88 64.5 7.88
CO 5 CO 5 4 5 Emission Factors in [mg/km] except CO in [g/km] and PN in [e9/km] HC 5 5 NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold PN 5 WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold NOx NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold Pollutants CO CO HC NOx PN 5 NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold Figure : Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. The horizontal line displayed on the CO panel stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle ( g/km). The horizontal lines displayed on the CO and NO x panels stand for the CO and NO x standards for Euro 6 (5 and 8 mg/km respectively). The PN standard for Euro 6 (6x #/km) is not displayed. 4
D. PEMS Emissions Results Preliminary results for the entire route and not processed according to the RDE rules yet Processing according to RDE will be provided in the detailed report. Several test results were invalid Test 6_7 Test (Labiena) and 6_7_5_Test (Milano) excluded (DPF Regeneration) Complete Motorway.5.4.. NOx Emission Factors [g/km]...5.4 Rural Urban Route RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano).... 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_7_8_Test 6_7 Test 6_7_5_Test 6_7_6_Test 6_7_6_Test 6_7 Test Tests 6_7 Test 6_7_8_Test 6_7 Test 6_7_5_Test 6_7_6_Test 6_7_6_Test Figure : Emission factors measured during on-road tests. The complete panel displays the overall NO x emission factors obtained during the complete routes. The Urban, Rural and Motorway panels display the detailed NO x emission factors over the different phases of the routes. 5
E. Laboratory and PEMS results Table 5: Average laboratory and PEMS emission factors. CO diff. stands for the relative difference between the CO measured and the declared CO emission factor Type Repeats NOx [mg/km] CO [g/km] CO diff. [%] 7. 5 5. 6 59.8.6 NEDC C Cold 9.8 6.6 4.6 NEDC C Cold 77.7 46..9 NEDC 4W Cold 5.7 65. 7.67 57. 54.7 8.89 WLTP LRL 4W Cold.6 75.6 46. WLTP LRL 4W Hot 9. 77. 47.6 WLTP LRL 4W C Cold 8.8 76. 46.8 WLTP LRL 4W C Cold 5. 64.5 7.7 RDE Route (Esperia) 68. 66. 8.4 RDE Route (Labiena) 78 7.6 44.7 RDE Route (Sacromonte) 4. 76.67 RDE Route 4 (Milano) 8.5 44.5.9 NOx 4 Emission Factors in [mg/km] for NOx and [g/km] for CO NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) CO 5 5 Cycle NEDC WLTP RDE NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Cold WLTP LRL 4W Hot WLTP LRL 4W C Cold WLTP LRL 4W C Cold RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Figure 4: Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. On the top panel, the horizontal line stands for the NO x standard for Euro 6 (8 mg/km). The blue and red dashed lines stand for the Euro 6 NOx limits including the.5 and. conformity factors respectively. On the bottom panel, the horizontal line stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle ( g/km). 6
Lab Tests to detect defeat devices: Example (JRC Tests) SKODA YETI OUTDOOR.TDI - kw Euro5B EA 89 VW engine Type Standard NEDC According to ECE R8 Test # -Hot NEDC Test # -NEDC @ C Test #-NEDC with speeds modified (+) Test #4-NEDC with speeds modified (-) Test #5-Hot NEDC, 4WD chassis dynamometer Test #6-Hot Repeated NEDCs Test #7-Cold WLTP Test #8 -Hot WLTP
Lab Tests to detect defeat devices: Example (JRC Tests) SKODA YETI OUTDOOR.TDI - kw Euro5B EA 89 VW engine
Annex III Vehicle Test Report (Short Version) - Citroën C4 Cactus CN August, 6 A. Vehicle details Table : Vehicle specification Vehicle Make: CITROEN Vehicle Type: Vehicle Class: Vehicle Identification Number: Model Year: Vehicle Identification Number: Emissions Standard: Transmission Type: Number of Gears: Odometer Reading: Engine Capacity in cm: Engine Family: Engine Type: Emissions Control Technologies: Nominal Fuel Tank Capacity: Tyre Type: Tyre Dimensions: C4 CACTUS M CN 5 VF7BBHYBGE589 EURO6 Manual 5 479 56 BlueHDi cv DIESEL Urea SCR + DPF 45 l Michelin 5/55/R6 Figure : Vehicle tested
B. Tests conducted Type Table : Laboratory tests conducted Repeats Standard NEDC According to ECE R8 NEDC - Hot vehicle NEDC @ C - Cold Vehicle NEDC @ C - Cold Vehicle NEDC @ 4WD chassis dynamometer - Hot Vehicle WLTP High Road Load - Cold Vehicle WLTP High Road Load - Hot Vehicle WLTP High Road Load - Free GS - Cold Vehicle WLTP High Road Load - Free GS - Hot Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load - Cold Vehicle WLTP Low Road Load - Hot Vehicle WLTP @ C Low Road Load - Cold Vehicle WLTP @ C Low Road Load - Hot Vehicle Table : On-road tests conducted Type Repeats RDE Route (Esperia) 4 RDE Route (Labiena) 4 RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Generic test protocol: Version /8/6 Application by the JRC: Version /8/6
C. Laboratory Emissions Results Average results for the repeated tests Tests with DPF regeneration excluded Table 4: Average laboratory emission factors Type NOx [mg/km] HC [mg/km] CO [mg/km] CO [g/km] PN [E+9/km] 8.49 4.59 55.6 4.6 7.49 9. 7.56 5.5 9.8.49 NEDC C Cold.8.5 6.9.4 7.84 NEDC C Cold 5.57.5 7.4 5..859 4.8.. 7. 5.7 58..96 5. 4.9.84 59.4.95.6 9.6.6 WLTP HRL Free Cold.5.568 45.5 4..7 WLTP HRL Free Hot 5.77.465.49 4.5.5 WLTP LRL Cold.56.5 5.4 6.6. WLTP LRL Hot 5.87.988 4.4 4..66 WLTP LRL C Cold 8.9.54 64.45 4.4.48 WLTP LRL C Hot 54.6.5.5 8..47
5 CO 6 CO 4 Emission Factors in [mg/km] except CO in [g/km] and PN in [e9/km] 5 NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot HC WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot PN WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot NOx WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot Pollutants CO CO HC NOx PN NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot Figure : Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. The horizontal line displayed on the CO panel stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle (95 g/km). The horizontal lines displayed on the CO and NO x panels stand for the CO and NO x standards for Euro 6 (5 and 8 mg/km respectively). The PN standard for Euro 6 (6x #/km) is not displayed. 4
D. PEMS Emissions Results Preliminary results for the entire route and not processed according to the RDE rules yet Processing according to RDE will be provided in the detailed report. Several test results were invalid Test 6_6_8_Test (Labiena) excluded (DPF Regeneration) Complete Motorway.8.6.4 NOx Emission Factors [g/km]...8.6 Rural Urban Route RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano).4.. 6_6_6_Test 6_6_7_Test 6_6 Test 6_6 Test 6_6_4_Test 6_6_4_Test 6_6_8_Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_6_6_Test 6_6_7_Test Tests 6_6 Test 6_6 Test 6_6_4_Test 6_6_4_Test 6_6_8_Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test 6_7 Test Figure : Emission factors measured during on-road tests. The complete panel displays the overall NO x emission factors obtained during the complete routes. The Urban, Rural and Motorway panels display the detailed NO x emission factors over the different phases of the routes. 5
E. Laboratory and PEMS results Table 5: Average laboratory and PEMS emission factors. CO diff. stands for the relative difference between the CO measured and the declared CO emission factor Type Repeats NOx [mg/km] CO [g/km] CO diff. [%] 8.49 4.6.66 9. 9.8 5.57 NEDC C Cold.8.4 7.8 NEDC C Cold 5.57 5..6 4.8 7..4 58. 4.9 5.45 59.4 9.6 46.96 WLTP HRL Free Cold.5 4. 5.7 WLTP HRL Free Hot 5.77 4.5 48.9 WLTP LRL Cold.56 6.6 4.77 WLTP LRL Hot 5.87 4. 47.7 WLTP LRL C Cold 8.9 4.4 48.87 WLTP LRL C Hot 54.6 8. 45.47 RDE Route (Esperia) 4 49.6.4 7.8 RDE Route (Labiena) 469.8 4.8 RDE Route (Sacromonte) 585.5 4.8 49.7 RDE Route 4 (Milano) 78. 8. 4.86 8 NOx Emission Factors in [mg/km] for NOx and [g/km] for CO 6 4 5 5 NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot WLTP LRL Cold CO WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot RDE Route (Esperia) 4 RDE Route (Labiena) 4 RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Cycle NEDC WLTP RDE NEDC C Cold NEDC C Cold WLTP HRL Free Cold WLTP HRL Free Hot WLTP LRL Cold WLTP LRL Hot WLTP LRL C Cold WLTP LRL C Hot RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Figure 4: Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. On the top panel, the horizontal line stands for the NO x standard for Euro 6 (8 mg/km). The blue and red dashed lines stand for the Euro 6 NOx limits including the.5 and. conformity factors respectively. On the bottom panel, the horizontal line stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle (95 g/km). 6
Vehicle Test Report (Short Version) - Ford Fiesta FD7 A. Vehicle details August, 6 Table : Vehicle specification Vehicle Make: FORD Vehicle Type: FIESTA Vehicle Class: M Vehicle Identification Number: FD7 Model Year: 5 Vehicle Identification Number: WFDXXGAKDFY6 Emissions Standard: EURO6 Transmission Type: Manual Number of Gears: 5 Odometer Reading: 88 Engine Capacity in cm: 998 Engine Family: GDI Engine Type: GASOLINE Emissions Control Technologies: NA Nominal Fuel Tank Capacity: NA Tyre Type: CONTINENTAL Tyre Dimensions: 95/55 R5 85H Figure : Vehicle tested
B. Tests conducted Type Table : Laboratory tests conducted Repeats Standard NEDC According to ECE R8 NEDC - Hot vehicle WLTP High Road Load - Cold Vehicle 4 WLTP High Road Load - Hot Vehicle Table : On-road tests conducted Type Repeats RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Generic test protocol: Version /8/6 Application by the JRC: Version /8/6
C. Laboratory Emissions Results Average results for the repeated tests Table 4: Average laboratory emission factors. HRL stands for High Road Load. Type NOx [mg/km] HC [mg/km] CO [mg/km] CO [g/km] PN [E+9/km] 7.9 48.64 94.7.9 777 7.94 8.4 7. 7. 747.6.4 45. 54. 4.5 495 46..7 88.6 5.9 559
CO CO 75 5 4 5 5 4 Emission Factors in [mg/km] except CO in [g/km] and PN in [e9/km] 75 5 5 HC 4 PN 6 4 NOx 4 Pollutants CO CO HC NOx PN 4 Figure : Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. The horizontal line displayed on the CO panel stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle (5 g/km). The horizontal lines displayed on the CO, HC and NO x panels stand for the CO, THC and NO x standards for Euro 6 (, and 6 mg/km respectively). The PN standard for Euro 6 is not displayed. 4
D. PEMS Emissions Results Preliminary results for the entire route and not processed according to the RDE rules yet Processing according to RDE will be provided in the detailed report. Several test results were invalid Complete Motorway.5..5 NOx Emission Factors [g/km]..5 Rural Urban Route RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano)..5. 5_9 Test 5_9 Test 5_9 Test 5_9 Test 5_9_9_Test 5_9_9_Test 5_9 Test 5_9 Test Tests 5_9 Test 5_9 Test 5_9 Test 5_9_9_Test 5_9_9_Test 5_9 Test Figure : Emission factors measured during on-road tests. The complete panel displays the overall NO x emission factors obtained during the complete routes. The Urban, Rural and Motorway panels display the detailed NO x emission factors over the different phases of the routes. 5
E. Laboratory and PEMS results Table 5: Average laboratory and PEMS emission factors. CO diff. stands for the relative difference between the CO measured and the declared CO emission factor Type Repeats NOx [mg/km] CO [g/km] CO diff. [%] 7.9.9 8.45 7.94 7..87 4.4 4.5 8.5 46. 5.9 9.9 RDE Route (Esperia) 7.7 7.94 RDE Route (Labiena) 95.5 68 6. RDE Route (Sacromonte) 5.4 6.6 54.84 RDE Route 4 (Milano) 55.5 55. 47.87 5 NOx Emission Factors in [mg/km] for NOx and [g/km] for CO 5 5 5 4 CO 4 RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Cycle NEDC WLTP RDE RDE Route (Esperia) RDE Route (Labiena) RDE Route (Sacromonte) RDE Route 4 (Milano) Figure 4: Emission factors measured during laboratory tests. Error bars stand for min and max values. Numbers in the bars stand for the number of test. On the top panel, the horizontal line stands for the NO x standard for Euro 6 (6 mg/km). The blue and red dashed lines stand for the Euro 6 NOx limits including the.5 and. conformity factors respectively. On the bottom panel, the horizontal line stands for the declared CO emission factor displayed in the homologation certificate of the vehicle (5 g/km). 6