Smart initiatives in Transmission System. Dr Shekhar Kelapure PRDC, Bangalore

Smart initiatives in Transmission System Dr Shekhar Kelapure PRDC, Bangalore

Overview Introduction Objectives Challenges Technologies Conclusions Page #2

Why Smart Transmission Grids (STG)? Improve grid stability Reduce energy losses Minimize operating cost Maximize asset management Faster response Automated control via EMS Grid optimization Page #3

What is required Superior monitoring and control Improved utilization and augmenting the existing network Enhanced system visualization Affordable, reliable and sustainable electricity supply Page #4

STG - Features Interoperability Self-healing Reliability Fast Acting/Responsive Two-way Communication Cyber-security and bigdata analytics Improved Situational awareness Page #5

Technologies that will help us achieve these Objectives Improve grid stability Reduce energy losses Minimize operating cost Maximize asset management Faster response Automated control via EMS Grid optimization Page #6

Technologies to achieve Transco Objectives Better Monitoring and Control WAMS Renw. Energy Manag. Systems Integrated Volt Vars Energy Storage Tech. Enhance the Existing Transmission Infrastructure Dynamic Line Loading High Tension Low Sag HVDC/FACTS Page #7

Technologies 1. Dynamic Line rating 2. High temperature Low sag conductors 3. Integrated Volt-VAR 4. High Voltage DC Systems 5. Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) - Key 6. Renewable Energy Management System 7. Energy Storage Technologies 8. UHV AC 800kV and 1200kV 9. City Monitoring System 10. Automated Fault Analysis System Page #8

Dynamic Line rating Line rating depends on ambient temperature conductor clearance to ground wind speed and direction solar radiation, etc. Having static line ratings lead to under-utilization of line (though the winds safely permit) Small weather changes greatly impact ampacity Page #9

Significance of Dynamic Line rating Page #10

How does it Work?» Remote sensing of transmission line tension/sag is carried out by the monitoring systems and this signal is sent to the utility s SCADA or EMS.» Based on this data, continuous updation of the Tr. Lines varying ampacity is done.» Thereby its rating updated. Page #11

Dynamic Line rating - Example Case study: Consider a 20-mile ACSR transmission line with a static line rating of 787 amperes at 40 degrees, zero wind, and mid-day summer Underutilization of transmission lines can be addressed by Dynamic Line Rating Page #12

Dynamic Line rating Benefits Congestion relief Asset protection Increased wind and solar integration Wide area situational awareness Reducing wind energy curtailment Transmission efficiency Avoidance of network expansion to the extent possible Page #13

How to increase the transmission capacity of the power grid network without acquiring new rights of way? Replacing ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) By HTLS Conductors High sag, legacy Page #15

Shifting From ACSR to HTLS Additional Aspects Corrosion resistant Low resistivity - Reduced losses Reduced right of way problem Page #16

High Temperature (HTLS) Conductors ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported) TACSR (Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Re-inforced) STACIR (Super thermal Aluminium Conductor Invar Reinforced) ACCC (Aluminium Conductor Composite Core) ACCR (Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced) Page #17

HTLS - Performance composition Page #18

High temperature, low sag conductors Low sag, high efficiency Page #19

HTLS - Comparison Low sag, high efficiency High sag, legacy Page #20

HTLS Case Studies 1. In 2012, Sterlite collaborated with CTC Cable Corporation to re-conductor an existing 132 kv line in Ahmedabad. The new line with ACCC conductor has doubled the capacity of the existing transmission line, without modifying or reinforcing the existing lattice towers. 2. Reconductoring was done on 132 kv transmission lines between Pirana and Vinzol, Gujarat, for Torrent Power in Gujarat. 3. Israel Electric Corp (IEC) also upgraded a major part of its transmission network to HTLS conductors, increasing the circuit s capacity by an additional 40% to 50%. Low sag, high efficiency High sag, legacy Page #21

Reactive power based challenges Increasingly diversified generation sources (renewables and gas turbines) are changing the power systems in both system topologies and operation strategies. This lead to higher pressure for optimization of various VAR sources, esp. dynamic ones. The value of future reactive power resources are critical to utility planners. Page #23

Objective Evaluating integrated volt Var systems, to mitigate the voltage related problems. Page #24

VAR Value Assessment Pq trade off Page #25

Dynamic Var Sources FACTS Devices Thyristor Based :- SVC VSC Based :- StatCOM Page #26

SVC Location in Indian Grid- Kanpur Courtesy ABB Document Two static var compensators (SVC), each rated at 140 Mvar inductive to 140 Mvar capacitive supplied by ABB were commissioned in 1992 in the Kanpur 400 kv substation of the Power Grid Corporation of India in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The compensators were installed on a turn-key basis. The two SVCs have enabled a considerable increase of the active power transmission capability of the Northern Regional grid and help to maintain a stable 400 kv voltage in the Kanpur area especially under peak load conditions, which used to be a difficult problem. Page #27

FACTS Locations in WR - INDIA Page #28

FACTS Devices - Benefits Source: IEEE PES Chapter Jay Giri Page #29

IVV - Application Cooper Power Systems Yukon IVVC application monitors real-time voltages, watts and VARs from LTCs, regulators, capacitors, medium voltage sensors, and additional monitoring points, such as customer meters Page #30

Better visualization of system with IVV Sources Page #31

Technical HVDC advantages The HVDC power flow is fully controllable, fast and accurate. An HVDC link is asynchronous and can adapt to any rated voltage and frequency at reception. The HVDC link can be used to assist the AC networks at each end of the link HVDC links do not increase the systems short circuit level and fault cannot transfer across HVDC interconnected systems. Page #33

Technical HVDC advantages contd.. HVDC can transport economically and efficiently over longer distance than AC lines or cables and, in a fixed corridor, HVDC transmission systems provide increased capacity. Large HVDC schemes can be used for bulk power transfer from remote areas (5000 MW - 6400 MW). HVDC is more economical than HVAC for schemes with transmission distances more than 700 km. Source: http://www.alstom.com/grid/products-and-services/engineered-energy-solutions/hvdc-transmission-systems/ Page #34

HVDC Configurations and Technologies Page #35

HVDC installations in India NR-NR WR-WR NR NR-ER Page #36

Few HVDC International Installations Bheramara India - Bangladesh 2013 B/B 500MW Page #37

HVDC- Benefits Enhance AC Grid Voltage and angular stability Inter-area Oscillations Damping Provide dynamic voltage support Sub synchronous damping control Get operational intelligence and exploring/more on hvdc capability Lower losses (no skin effect) Better Utilization of Transmission line Asynchronous power systems connection Lower cost for large distance transmission Page #38

HVDC- Benefits contd.. VSC-HVDC increases fault ride through capability of wind farms by fast reactive power support during the fault at the point of common coupling Page #39

WAMS Modern Data acqui Page #41

Enhanced Situational Awareness in the Control Room Page #42

Benefits of WAMS Page #43

PMU Deployments in India 1200 PMUs under commissioning as a part of URTDSM project PGCIL Initiative India leading world Source: POSOCO Synchrophasors in India Dec 2013 Page #44

Phasor Analytics Some tools Page #45

Renewables in India Total Renewable Energy Installed Capacity (31 Dec 2014) [3] Source Total Installed Capacity (MW) Wind Power 22,465.03 Solar Power (SPV) 3,062.68 Small Hydro Power 3,990.83 Biomass Power 1,365.20 Bagasse Cogeneration 2,800.35 Waste to Power 107.58 Total 33,791.74 Source: MNRE Page #47

Issues in Large Scale Renewable Integration Intermittent and unpredictable RE plants providing lesser reactive grid support during disturbances Most of the wind plants are not Fault Ride Through (FRT) capable Voltage Excursions at different loadings Evacuation challenges Page #48

Measures for mitigating the issues Strong Grid interconnections Flexible generation, Ancillary Services, Reserves etc. for supply-balancing Storage schemes for Gen - load balancing Renewable Energy Management Centers (REMC) equipped with advanced forecasting tools along with reliable communication infrastructure REMC can utilize existing Communication infrastructure Page #49

REMC - Functions 1. Forecasting of RE generation in jurisdiction area on dayahead, hour-ahead, week-ahead, month-ahead basis. 2. Real time tracking of RE sources for gen-load balance 3. Geo-spatial visualization of RE generation 4. Close coordination with respective LDC for RE generation and control for smooth grid operation. 5. Single source information repository and coordination point for RE penetration. 6. Enable scheduling of RE power 7. On-line Dynamic security Assessment tool Page #50

REMC Architecture Page #51

Electric Grid Energy Storage Services Page #53

Maturity of Storage Technologies Electric Vehicles storages are fast growing as a Demand response technology Page #54

Storage - Advantages and Disadvantages Page #55

Source: Power grid Page #56

Source: Power grid Page #57

Source: Grid Energy Storage, U.S Department of Energy December 2013 Page #58

Perspective Hybrid Grid by 2022 & beyond Source: Power Grid Page #60

1200 kv introduced 1200kV test line commissioned at Bina and handed over to Nation Deoli near Wardha will be the first 1200 kv commercial line wrong data t be checked Deoli Aurangabad line will be second 400/1200kV substations are planned at Deoli and Aurangabad Page #61

Bina 1200 kv Subtations Source: Power Grid Page #62

1200 kv single ckt. Transmission line Source: Power Grid Page #63

Technologies Dynamic Line rating High temperature Low sag conductors Integrated Volt-VAR High Voltage DC Systems Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) - Key Renewable Energy Management System Energy Storage Technologies UHV AC 800kV and 1200kV City Monitoring System Automated Fault Analysis System Page #64

Why CMS Facilitate the energy audit of the city transmission network, thereby improve the accountability of power injections into the system against the consumption of city areas Centralized asset management Remote monitoring and control of substations Better utilization of substation equipment by providing self diagnostic condition monitoring units Visualization of comprehensive substation data at city control centre Better decision making in case of any contingencies Reduce outage periods Reduce manpower requirement Page #65

What is CMS City Monitoring System consists of automated substations in a city, connected to city control centre with the objective of improving the operational as well as process efficiency of the power system network. There are two major components of city monitoring systems. City Control Centre Digital/ Automated substations Advance measurement, Better visualization, Effective control Page #66

CMS - Architecture Page #67

CMS - Benefits Security enhancement Less manpower requirement Better controllability Requirement of less maintenance Smart asset management Remote accessibility Page #68

Why AFAS Facilitates: Automatic retrieval of disturbance files at a common location Automatic fault diagnosis, report generation and intimation to concerned personnel Substation and system level analysis for a fault Better fault location computation and hence facilitates faster fault clearing AFAS streamlines the process of fault diagnosis Page #70

What is AFAS Automated Fault Analysis System (AFAS) may be defined as the ability of a specialized computer program to correlate and analyse available data about power system faults and disturbances. Information extracted from AFAS can be utilized by Operating personnel Protection engineers Maintenance crew Integrated Approach to Collect, Store and Analyse Data Page #71

AFAS - Process AFAS Data Collector Report Manager Processed File Storage Page #72

Benefits Automated Fault diagnosis and Reporting Reduce Outage Time and improve Reliability Optimize Man power/ Maintenance cost Page #73

Conclusions Implementation of the project results in Reduction in transmission losses Reduction in the number of power cuts load shedding/ blackouts/ brownouts Improved efficiency in operations Improved system reliability Reduction in the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs Shifting from Reactive to Proactive! Page #74

Thank You Page #75

? Dr Shekhar Kelapure General Manager R&D, PRDC, Bangalore M 0091 99000 26575, E shekharkelapure@yahoo.com Page #76