QUICK REFERENCE HANDBOOK TB 20
SUMMARY QRH 1. Limitations...1 1.1. Maximum masses...1 1.2. Airspeed Limitations...1 1.3. Stall speeds...1 1.4. Crosswind limitations...2 2. Normal operations...3 2.1. Performance presetting table...3 2.2. Simplified presettings...4 2.3. Guide and check-list summary table...5 2.4. Guides and check-lists...6 - Safety inspection...6 - Pre-flight exterior walk around Guide...9 - Cockpit preparation Guide...12 - Cockpit preparation Check-list...15 - Before start-up Guide...16 - Before start-up Check-list...16 - Start-up Guide...17 - After start-up Guide...19 - After start-up Check-list...20 - Taxi Guide...22 - Taxi Check-list...22 - Engine run-up Guide...23 - Before take-off Guide...24 - Before take-off Check-list...25 - Line-up Guide...26-1000 ft Guide...29 - After take-off Check-list...29 - Short after take-off Check-list...30 - Cruise Guide...31 - Before descent Guide...33 - Descent Check-list...34 - Approach Guide...35 - Approach Check-list...35 - Before landing Guide...36 - Before landing Check-list...37 - Short before landing Check-list...37 - After landing Guide...38 - After landing Check-list...34 - Parking Guide...39 - Parking Check-list...40 - Other procedures...41 3. Mass and Balance...42 3.1. Mass and balance sheet...42 3.2. Quick mass and balance calculations...43
SUMMARY QRH PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
LIMITATIONS QRH-1 1. Limitations 1.1 Maximum masses The maximum taxiing mass for all EPAG TB 20 aircraft is 1405 kg. The maximum landing mass for all EPAG TB 20 28 V version aircraft is 1400 kg. The maximum landing mass for all EPAG TB 20 14 V version aircraft is 1335 kg. 1.2 Airspeed limitations Speed IAS CAS Remarks V A Manoeuvring speed 129 kt 130 kt V NE Never exceed speed 187 kt 189 kt V NO Normal operating speed 150 kt 151 kt Maximum speed for the full deflection of control surfaces Do not exceed this speed in any operation Do not exceed unless in calm air and then only with care V FE Maximum speed with flaps set for take-off 129 kt 130 kt Flaps 10 V FE Maximum speed with flaps set for landing 103 kt 102 kt Flaps 40 V LO Maximum speed for landing gear operation 129 kt 130 kt Maximum speed for lowering or retracting gear V LE Maximum speed with gear down 139 kt 140 kt 1.3 Stall speeds
LIMITATIONS QRH-2 1.4 Crosswind limitations The aircraft manufacturer has estimated that up to 25 kt of crosswind encountered during flight testing does not require any special flying ability for take-off or landing. The manufacturer has therefore not given a limiting value for the use of the TB 20 in a crosswind. The maximum crosswind speed demonstrated by the manufacturer should be considered as the operational limitation. The wind used to evaluate the crosswind limitation will be the value transmitted by the tower. Any gusting should not be taken into account.
QRH-3 2. Normal operations 2.1 Performance presetting table
QRH-4 2.2 Simplified presettings
QRH-5 2.3 Guide and check-list summary table This table mentions only the various guides executed throughout the flight. The execution of a check-list, where one exists, is always initiated by the completion of the actions of the corresponding guide. The symbol after the name of a guide shows that the guide is followed by a check-list Guide Call-outs Initiated by SAFETY INSPECTION WALK-AROUND INSPECTION COCKPIT PREPARATION Arrival of aeroplane for commissioning flight End of safety inspection, for first flight of aeroplane only End of previous flight or beginning of next flight BEFORE START BEFORE START ACTIONS Start-up clearance AFTER START AFTER START ACTIONS End of start-up procedure TAXIING TAXI ACTIONS Beginning of taxiing RUN UP BEFORE TAKE-OFF BEFORE TAKE-OFF ACTIONS End of taxiing, before lining up on the runway, on commissioning flight only End of taxiing, before take-off on the runway LINE-UP LINE-UP ACTIONS Clearance to line up on runway TAKE-OFF 1000 ft 1000 ft ACTIONS Take-off clearance when aeroplane is lined up on runway Passing a height of 1000 ft after take-off CRUISE CRUISE ACTIONS Capture of cruising altitude : 1000 ft before BEFORE DESCENT BEFORE DESCENT ACTIONS Knowledge of weather conditions at airfield, shortly before descent APPROACH APROACH ACTIONS Change of altimeter setting BEFORE LANDING BEFORE LANDING ACTIONS Preparation of aeroplane for landing AFTER LANDING AFTER LANDING ACTIONS Aircraft vacating runway PARKING PARKING ACTIONS Immobilisation of aeroplane in parking apron
QRH-6 2.3 Guides and check-lists Pre-Flight SAFETY INSPECTION The safety inspection is carried out on crew s arrival at the aircraft. It is fulfilled : Outside, to check the general appearance of the aircraft to ensure that all conditions which guarantee its safety have been satisfied. Inside, to check that switching power ON will not cause any damage. It is carried out by the Pilot or the first crew member arriving at the aircraft for the transfer of responsibility and more generally each time the aircraft has been left unattended with the power OFF. Safety Check - Overall condition... Checked Before climbing aboard the pilot should check the general state of the aircraft and its environment and remove any protection devices and tow bar. - Magnetos... OFF The pilot should check that the keys have been removed from the ignition switch. - Controls...Free The pilot should check that any control locks have been removed. - parking brake...set In order to apply the parking brake : Pressurize the brake circuit by applying brakes on rudder pedals. Turn the parking brake knob a quarter of a turn to the right in order to lock the brake pressure. - Anti-ice systems... OFF - Landing gear handle...down - Engine controls...set Power...Idle Pitch...Fine Pitch Mixture... Lean - Rudder trim...neutral - Elevator trim...neutral
QRH-7 - Battery...ON Check that the area around the propeller is clear as the starter may engage due to problem in the electrical system. - Landing gear indicators...tested Check that the three gear indicator lamps are lit. Check that the gear transit lamp lights when the TEST button is pressed. Verify correct operation of the day/night toggle switch : In the day position the lamp should be bright In the night position the lamp should be dim - Alarm panel...tested Set the day/night toggle switch to the appropriate position. Check that all the indicator lamps on the upper panel light when the test button is pressed. - Flaps...Down 40 Check the flap deployment sequence by setting flaps 10 then flaps 40. Leave the flaps in the down 40 position. The pilot should check the coherence of the flaps indicator is coherent with the actual flap position. - Fuel gauges...checked - Anti-collision lights...checked Switch on the anti-collision lights and visually check their operation. - Pitot heat...checked Set pitot heat to ON and verify that the pitot indicator light is green. - Exterior lights...checked For night flight only check operation of the navigation lights. Verify operation of the landing and taxi lights by checking that the appropriate green indicator lamps are lit. This confirms power to the circuit. - De-icing system...tested
QRH-8 Set the ANTI-ICE/DE-ICE selector to ANTI-ICE. Verify that the two red lamps blink initially and then go out as the pressure increases. The green ANTI-ICE lamp should remain lit. Set the ANTI-ICE/DE-ICE selector to DE-ICE. Verify that the corresponding lamp lights. If it takes some time to change from ANTI-ICE to DE-ICE, the red warning lamps may blink. This phenomenon is acceptable if a constant green indication appears within 30 seconds. Set the ANTI-ICE /DE-ICE selector to OFF. Set the LIGHT switch to ON. Verify the fluid level The minimum indicated quantity is 6.4 litres. Ensure that there is sufficient fluid for the forecast conditions, that the filler cap is locked and the purge drain has no leaks. Check the porous anti-ice panels Verify the fixings and that there is no fluid leak. Verify the wing ice light. Set the LIGHT to OFF - Stall warning... Tested Verify operation of the stall warning vane by lifting it and listening for the audible warning. - Battery...OFF
QRH-9 Pre-Flight exterior walk around Guide The pre-flight walk around is only carried out by the pilot for the first flight after transfer of responsibility. LEFT WING - Flaps... Condition - Aileron... Deflection - Fuel...Quantity checked When the fuel quantity is greater than 105 litres, the value can be read on the gauge fixed perpendicular to the spar. It is graduated in litres on the left and in US gallons on the right. Ensure that the aircraft is on level ground before measuring. Fuel drain... Completed Carry out the fuel drain using the fuel sampler. Any water present will be seen as a clear fluid at the bottom of the sampler due to its greater density. LEFT GEAR - Tyre...Checked Check overall condition - Damper...Checked Ensure there are no hydraulic fluid leaks - Landing gear door...checked FRONT FUSELAGE - Fuel filter drain... Completed - Windscreen and windows...clean - Anti-ice fluid level...checked - Anti-ice filler cap...closed - Oil level...checked Check the oil level using the dip-stick attached to the oil filler plug. Do not run the engine with less than 5.7 litres of oil. Normal quantity : 8.5 litres. For flights of more than 3 hours fill to 11.3. - Oil inspection panel...closed
QRH-10 - Cowling... Fixed - Propeller...Checked Look for nicks on the propeller blades, particularly close to the tips and on the leading edges. If excessively large nicks are discovered, refer to the Minimum Equipment List (MEL) and inform maintenance personnel. Check the anti-icing device and the condition of the spinner. - Air intakes...clean - Exhaust... Fixed NOSE GEAR - Tyre...Checked Check no canvas is visible and check the condition of the tyre. - Torque links...checked - Damper...Checked Checked for hydraulic fluid leaks. RIGHT GEAR Same as left landing gear. RIGHT WING - Fuel drain... Completed - Fuel...Quantity checked - Aileron... Deflection - Flap... Condition RIGHT FUSELAGE TAIL - Static port...clean - Windows...Clean - Control surfaces...checked - Trim...Checked Check that the deflection of the pitch trim corresponds to the cockpit indicator. Check the automatic anti-tab system.
QRH-11 TAIL CONE - Tail cone...checked - Navigation light...checked LEFT FUSELAGE - Static port...clean - Windows...Clean - Baggage compartment...checked-closed The pilot should check for the presence of the en-route and tie down kits. The baggage door should be closed and locked. - Antennae...Checked
QRH-12 Cockpit Preparation Guide The cockpit preparation guide is carried out for every flight. - - - - C h e c k t h a t t h e statutory documents required for the flight are present. - Documentation... On board Check that the statutory documents required for the flight are present. - Life jackets... Checked, on board If flying over water, ensure that they are immediately accessible. - Extinguisher... Checked Check the pressure gauge is within the green range. Check that the extinguisher is correctly attached.
QRH-13 - Seat... Adjusted - Timer...Set Set the clock to UTC. Some of the following items are located in different positions according to individual aircraft - Circuit breaker panel... Checked Check that all breakers are pushed in. If a breaker has tripped, do not reset it. Inform maintenance personnel. - Emergency landing gear control... Pushed in - Emergency static port... Pushed in - Magnetos... OFF Insert the key into the ignition switch and verify it is in the OFF position. - Aux. suction... OFF - All electrical switches... OFF - Lighting (3 rheostats)... OFF - Electrical gyro horizon... OFF - Turn indicator... OFF - Radio master... OFF - Auto-pilot... OFF - Wing de-ice... OFF - Propeller anti-ice... OFF - Fuel pump... OFF - Anti-collision lights... OFF - Navigation lights... OFF - Pitot heat... OFF - Landing and taxi lights... OFF - Alternator field exciter... OFF - Battery... OFF - Aux. suction... Checked - Aux. suction control...on - Aux. suction green lamp...on - Red gyro suction lamp... OFF - Gyro suction indicator... Green Range
QRH-14 - Gyro... Operation - Aux. suction... OFF - Red gyro suction lamp...on - Aux. suction green lamp... OFF - Parking brake...set - Alternate air... Pushed - Radio master...on - Request parameters and engine start (IFR)...Completed - COM/NAV equipment...set - Radio master... OFF - Altimeters... QNH/QNH hpa The altimeters should be set to the QNH transmitted by ATC service. The altitude read should correspond approximately to the airfield elevation taking into account any difference between aircraft position and airfield reference point. - Altimeter bugs...set Red bug set to airfield holding point altitude. White bug set to safety altitude. - Pilot instrument panel... Checked The pilot checks the coherence of the instrument indications on the instrument panel : Airspeed indicator. Vertical speed indicator should read zero. Turn indicator should be in the neutral position, and the position of The skid/slip ball should be coherent with aircraft position. - Alarm panel... Checked - Right-hand instrument panel... Checked The pilot checks the coherence of the instrument indications on the right hand panel : The suction gauge (GYRO SUCT) should read zero. The EGT indicator should read zero. Battery charge indicator. Outside air temperature indicator. The oil pressure should be zero, the oil temperature should be checked in order to determine the start-up type (hot or cold).. - Engine instruments... Checked RPM indicator should be zero. The manifold pressure should be coherent with the actual air pressure The fuel flow indicator should be zero.
QRH-15 - Trims... Checked Check that the trims are set for take-off. - Fuel selector valve... Open Select the least full tank. - Hand microphone... Checked Verify that the microphone is in place. Cockpit Preparation Check-List - Documentation... On board - Life jackets... Checked, on board - Extinguisher... Checked - Seat... Adjusted - Timer...Set - Circuit breaker panel... Checked - Landing gear handle...down - Emergency landing gear control... Pushed in - Aux. suction... Checked - Parking brake...set - Alternate air... Pushed - Alarm panel... Checked - Fuel flow/totalizer... Set to 0 - Flux valve...slave - Fuel selector... Open on least full - Chocks... Removed - COM/NAV equipment...set - Request parameters and start-up...completed - Altimeters... QNH/QNH hpa - Altimeter bugs...set
QRH-16 Before START-UP Before Start-Up Guide The before Start-Up Guide is carried out before each flight with the call-out : «BEFORE START-UP ACTIONS». when the pilot is ready for VFR, when start-up clearance has been given for IFR. - Doors...Closed and latched The pilot closes the door and moves the lever to the closed position. The correct latching of the door latches should be checked and the passenger door verified. - Anti-collision... ON By switching on the anti-collision light, ground personnel are warned of the imminent start-up of the aircraft. - Oil temperature...checked This enables the pilot to determine the start-up type required. Before Start-up Check-List - Fuel quantity... Announced : litres - Radio master... OFF - Anti-collision...ON
QRH-17 Start-up Start-Up Guide Cold start - Propeller pitch... Full fine pitch The pilot ensures that the prop. pitch control is pushed fully forward. - Throttle control... 1 cm The throttle should be open 1 cm with respect to the overall range. - Fuel pump... ON - Mixture...Full rich for 5 seconds The mixture should be opened fully for 5 seconds and then returned to the lean position. - Fuel pump... OFF - Starter...Engaged Do not operate the starter for more than 10 seconds. See B1-130-02. - Mixture...Full rich As soon as the engine starts, set the mixture to full rich. - Throttle control... Idle Set the throttle for between 1000 RPM and 1200 RPM. - Oil pressure...established The oil pressure should increase normally and the red indicator on the alarm panel should go out. If the pressure is not established within 30 seconds then the engine should be stopped. - Gyro suction...checked The gyro suction indicator should read between 4 and 5 in.hg. - Magnetos 1 & 2... Checked Check for smooth operation on positions 1 & 2. Set to 1+2.
QRH-18 Hot start - Propeller pitch... Full fine pitch The pilot ensure that the prop. pitch control is pushed fully forward. - Throttle control... 1 cm The throttle should be open 1 cm with respect to the overall range. - Fuel pump...on - Mixture... Full rich for 1 second The mixture should be opened fully for 1 second and then returned to the lean position. - Fuel pump... OFF - Starter... Engaged Do not operate the starter for more than 10 seconds. - Mixture... Full rich As soon as the engine starts, set the mixture to full rich. - Throttle control... Idle Set the throttle for between 1000 RPM and 1200 RPM. - Oil pressure... Established The oil pressure should increase normally and the red indicator on the alarm panel should go out. If the pressure is not established within 30 seconds then the engine should be stopped. - Gyro suction... Checked The gyro suction indicator should read between 4 and 5 in.hg. - Magnetos 1 & 2... Checked Check for smooth operation on positions 1 & 2. Set to 1+2.
QRH-19 After start-up After Start-Up Guide - Alternator... ON Switch on the alternator switch and observe the charge indicator on the right hand side of panel. Also check that the amber «alternator not connected» indicator goes out. - Radio master... ON - Electrical switches... ON Set the following switches to ON as required : - Lighting (3 rheostats). - Electrical horizon, cage for 1 minute in order to allow the gyro to stabilize. - Turn indicator. - Navigation lights - HSI and RMI...Checked Check that the HSI is not flagged. Check heading coherence between HSI, RMI and magnetic compass. - Artificial horizons... Set An attitude of +2 on the ground is normally correc t. - Alarm panel...checked Check that all red warning indicators are out except for parking brake. - Flux valve... Slave - Auto-pilot... Tested The vacuum gyro must be stabilized before testing auto-pilot. Set the AUTO PILOT MASTER to ON and press the pre-flight TEST button to ensure all indicators are working correctly. After 5 seconds all indicators should be off except AP which should blink twelve times before going out. Engage auto-pilot by pressing on AP/ENG. CAUTION DO NOT MOVE THE CONTROL COLUMN ON THE GROUND WHEN AP IS ENGAGED. DISENGAGE AUTO-PILOT USING AP/DISC TRIM INT BUTTON
QRH-20 - Electric trim... Tested Operate the left part of the dual switch moving it forward and backward. The trim wheel should not move on its own. Operate the right part of the dual switch moving it forward and backward. The trim wheel should not move on its own and a normal pressure on the trim wheel is necessary to move it manually. Operate both parts of the switch and observe the movement of the trim wheel. While the trim is moving press «AP DISC TRIM INT» and verify that the trim wheel stops moving. - Fuel flow/totalizer... Tested Check the operation of all digits on the indicator by pressing USED/ TEST for less than 2 seconds. Reset the fuel used to zero by pressing RESET for more than 1 second. - Flaps... 0 - Fuel tank selector...opposite tank Select the opposite tank. Systematic changeover ensures that the complete fuel supply system has been checked. - Crew & passengers... Seat belts attached The pilot should ensure that all passengers have fastened their seat belts. He should verify his own. The pilot should brief the passengers on emergency evacuation procedures as well as on the use of life jackets. After Start-up Check-List - Alternator charge...checked - Radio equipment... ON - Electric horizon... ON - Turn indicator... ON - Auto-pilot...Tested/Disengaged - Electric trim... Tested - Flaps... 0 - Fuel tank selector...opposite tank
QRH-21 Departure Briefing The pilot describes the taxi route, the initial flight path and associated radio-navigation means with the call-out : «READY FOR DEPARTURE BRIEFING». For full details concerning briefings refer to the Flight Training Supplement. Altimeter Setting and Checking On take-off or landing the altimeters should be set to the official QNH value. After take-off, no change in altimeter setting (STD 1013.2 or 29.92) will be made before the gear and flaps are fully retracted. When the departure ATC (APP) is different from the take-off airfield ATC (TWR), the pilot must ensure that he has a regional QNH before transfer to APP. When the departure ATC (APP) is different from the destination airfield ATC (TWR), the pilot must ensure that he has a local QNH before transfer to TWR. A change in altimeter setting can be made only to a value supplied by the ATS which is currently controlling the aircraft. Instructors or (Air France controllers), may opt for height AGL when circuit training. The pilot will convert this height to an altitude by rounding up. After listening to ATIS or VOLMET, the crew compares the QNH received with the QNH in the METAR from their met briefing file. If the METAR was not available before departure, the QNH should be verified by any other available means (regional QNH, calling ATC, etc...). On arrival, having received the first altitude clearance, the crew should verify the coherence of the QNH given by ATC to that given by ATIS. If ATC does not specify an altimeter setting, then the crew should request a confirmation of QNH from ATC.
QRH-22 Taxi, Take-Off and Climb Taxi Guide The TAXI guide is carried out once taxi clearance has been received. The call-out is: «TAXI ACTIONS». - Block time... Noted Note the time and call-out : "Block at 08h30" - Taxi Light... ON The systematic use of the taxi light is a means to ensure anti-collision and informs ground crew that the aircraft is about to move. In order to remember this action it should always be associated with the parking brake. The taxi-light may be switched off at the holding point if the aircraft remains immobile for engine run up. - Brakes...Tested Release the parking brake. Test braking efficiency. Note : when clear of parking apron, the right hand brakes should be tested by the instructor. - Gyro instruments... Checked Once the aircraft is clear of the parking apron, check the coherence of the HSI and RMI with the magnetic heading (use the reciprocal runway heading to verify coherence if the taxiway is parallel). Verify the stability of the left and right horizons and the coherence of the turn indicator. Verify the gyro instruments during left and right turns when clear of parking apron. - Flight controls... Tested The flight controls should be tested by pulling back fully on the control column while maintaining the ailerons level. The control column should then be pushed fully forward and the ailerons fully tested left and right. Taxi Check-List - Flight controls...tested - Block time... Noted - Brakes...Tested - Gyro instruments...checked
QRH-23 Before Take-Off Engine Run-Up Guide - Parking brake...set - Taxi light... OFF - Oil pressure... Checked - Cylinder head and oil temperatures... Checked - Mixture... Full rich - Propeller pitch... Full fine pitch - Throttle... 2000 RPM - Propeller pitch... 2 variations The propeller pitch control should be moved twice towards coarse pitch until a loss of 500 RPM is obtained. In cold weather, 3 variations may be necessary. - Magnetos... Checked Each magneto should be tested. Engine speed should not decrease by more than 175 RPM. After each magneto selection 1+2 should be set. The engine speed difference between each magneto should not be more than 50 RPM. - Alternate Air...Pull - Idle... Checked The throttle should be set to idle and the engine speed should stabilize at 700 RPM (+50 RPM). - Engine speed... 1000-1200 RPM The engine speed should be stable in order to :. avoid discomfort and vibrations. avoid fouling of the ignition circuit. ensure good engine lubrication. ensure the alternator
QRH-24 Before Take-Off Guide The before Take-Off Guide is carried out once the engine run-up has been completed. The call-out is «BEFORE TAKE-OFF ACTIONS». - ATC Clearance (IFR)...Requested - Doors and windows...closed, Latched - Alarm panel... Checked Ensure all red warning indicators are off except for the parking brake. - Horizon... Set +2 - Engine instruments... Checked - Altimeters...QNH...hPa...Checked The altimeters should be set to QNH. The difference between indicated altitude and runway threshold elevation should not exceed 80ft. - Heading bug... Set to RWY heading - Flaps...10 - Trims...Set Set the elevator and rudder trims for take-off. - Take-off briefing...completed The pilot carries out the take-off briefing according to the template below. The call-out is «READY FOR TAKE-OFF BRIEFING».
QRH-25 Take-off Briefing A take-off briefing should be carried out before execution of the Before Take-off check-list. Refer to Flight Training Supplement for further information. Before Take-Off Check-List - Alarm panel...checked - Magnetos... 1 + 2 - Engine parameters...checked - Flaps... 10 - Trims...Set - Altimeters...QNH hpa checked - Doors and windows...closed - Crew and pax...seat belts fastened - Take-off briefing... Completed
QRH-26 Line-Up Guide The Line-Up guide is carried out when clearance has been received from ATC. The call-out is «LINE-UP ACTIONS». The actions are performed when each item is called out by the pilot. Before lining up the take-off time should be noted. Add 1 minute to the current time to allow for lining up. This will reduce the time spent occupying the runway. Before penetrating the runway, the student should verify that there is no traffic on final approach, no other traffic entering or on the runway and no traffic landing in the opposite direction. A call out should be made to this effect, for example : "SAFETY ON FINAL AND OPPOSITE RUNWAY". - Fuel consumption... Noted - Take-off time... Noted - Strobes...ON - Fuel pump...on - Pitot heat...on - Lights...ON - Transponder... ALT - Anti-ice... As necessary
QRH-27 Take-off Sequence - Take-off time...called out Set power to 20 in.hg with brakes applied (in order to initialize the parameters). Call-out : «TAKE-OFF, V1 70 KT» and start timer. The timer bug may be placed on take-off time or to the estimated first report point time. - Take-off power...set Full throttle should be set and take-off power available confirmed. If the engine parameters correspond to the list below then the call-out «POWER AVAILABLE» should be made. Manifold pressure... QFE - 2.5 in.hg (a) Engine speed...2575 RPM Fuel flow...22 USG/h When the speed reaches 60 kt, call-out «60 KT». A hand should be kept on the throttle until V1. Rotation will be made with both hands on the control column. Call-out «V1 ROTATE». - Gear... UP When the aircraft has left the ground and a positive rate of climb has been observed the call-out «POSITIVE CLIMB, GEAR UP» should be made. Apply brakes and move the gear control to up. The green landing gear indicators should go out and the red gear in transit indicator should light. The right hand should return to the throttle. When the red gear transit indicator goes out the call-out : «GEAR UP AND LOCKED» should be made. - Flaps...0 When IAS is greater than 85 kt and the flight path is stabilized with a minimum height of 400 ft AGL, the flaps can be set to 0 with the call-out «...KT, FLAPS 0». When the flaps have retracted the actual position of the flaps should be confirmed and the call-out «FLAPS 0» made. - Climb power...set When IAS reaches 100 kt and height is at least 400 ft then the call-out «100 KT, CLIMB POWER» should be made. The power should then be set for the climb : Manifold pressure... 25 in.hg Engine speed...2500 RPM (a) increase or decrease 29.92 in.hg by 0.03 in.hg per hpa difference of QFE with respect to 1013.25 hpa.
QRH-28 - Engine parameters... Checked The following parameters should stabilize :. Oil pressure, oil temperature and cylinder head temperature. EGT indicator. Suction gauge. Battery charge. Engine management parameters Do not forget to re-adjust manifold pressure during the climb.
QRH-29 1000 Feet Guide The 1000 ft guide is carried out when height is greater than 1000 ft and as soon as the pilot is free enough to execute it with the call-out : «1000 ft Actions». This may be retarded according to the type of climb undertaken. The value of 1000 ft has been fixed by the training school to remind the pilot to carry out the following actions : - Altimeters... Set/Compared According to the clearance received, maintains QNH or set 1013.25 hpa. The pilot should change the altimeter setting in order to comply with ATC clearance. The call-out is «ALTIMETERS SET TO STANDARD AND CROSSCHECKED». No comparison is necessary if there is no change made to altimeter settings. - Auto-pilot... As necessary If necessary, altitude acquisition and climb functions may be engaged. - Fuel pump... OFF - Lights... As necessary Lights may be left on in order to ensure anti-collision. In IFR lights are switched off at the safety altitude or as soon as IMC is encountered. Note : Monitor weather conditions during climb, if IMC is encountered call-out "IMC" and the temperature. Use anti-ice and de-ice systems as required. For training purposes a curtain may be used to simulate IMC. After Take-Off Check-List - Gear...UP - Flaps... 0 - Engine parameters...checked - Altimeters... Set/Compared Note : For circuit training the short after take-off check-list below will be used.
QRH-30 Short After Take-Off Check-List - Gear...UP - Flaps... 0 Climb The training school has retained a climb at constant IAS. Engine power can be maintained constant up to 3500 ft by using the throttle control. Beyond this altitude the mechanical limit will be reached and engine power will decrease progressively. When the throttle reaches the mechanical limit the call-out «MECHANICAL LIMIT» will be made.
QRH-31 Cruise Guide At 500 ft before the FL or altitude assigned, the pilot should call-out «500 ft BEFORE». The capture of the FL or altitude becomes the primary objective. - Cruise altitude...captured The cruise altitude should be captured using the accepted method for reducing rate of climb : The rate of climb is reduced when the target altitude is within 10% of climb rate. The pilot sets half the pitch attitude then limits the climb rate to twice the difference remaining with respect to cruise altitude. Remember the following rule which shows the relation of the change in pitch attitude to the change in rate of climb for a given speed. ROC ft/min = θ x 100 x V (NM/min) = θ% x V kt or At 100 ft/min : θ = Bf For example : Climb speed... 100 kt Rate of climb...600 ft/min The pitch attitude will be reduced when at 60 ft before the target FL or altitude. The overall variation in pitch attitude will be about 3.5. - Cruise parameters...set Allow the aircraft to accelerate to cruise speed before setting the cruise engine parameters for the cruise type required. Pay special attention to trim during this phase. When the cruise parameters have stabilized the fuel flow can be refined using the EGT indicator. - Horizon...Set to 0 When the aircraft is stable at constant cruise IAS and the ROC = 0 the horizon can be set to 0. - Altimeter bugs...set to 0 ft - Other engine parameters... Checked Cylinder temperature, oil temperature and pressure, ammeter and voltmeter. - Headings... Checked Check coherence of RMI, HSI and magnetic compass readings. - Fuel... Checked The pilot should balance fuel consumption between the tanks according to the values read on the gauges, the lateral balance of the aircraft and the elapsed time.
QRH-32 The lateral balance is more sensitive at the beginning of the flight with full tanks as the moment arm is larger with respect to the roll axis due the wing dihedral. A simple solution is that if the aircraft was balanced on departure, then make the first tank change at 15 minutes after take-off. From then on make changes every 30 minutes. Note : The electric fuel pump must be used when switching tanks. After changeover the fuel flow should be monitored closely when switching off electric pump. - Outside Temperature (TAT, SAT)...Announced Call-out temperature read on the sensor (TAT), useful for anti-ice, and after correction call-out static air temperature (SAT), useful for performance. = TAS ² - 1 TAS ² 100 10 100 Ex : 140 kt 140 ² - 1 140 ² = 1,96 = 1,96 = 1,76 2 100 10 100 10 The pilot will call-out the items checked : Example : «Cruise parameters set» «Headings checked» «Temperature TATxx, SATxx» Once these actions are complete the pilot will : A - Confirm the wind with respect to weather reports and forecasts. B - Update ETA and set stopwatch bugs to the next turning point and then calculate : - ETA at IAF - Fuel remaining at IAF - Potential holding time (1 st estimate) - POD = FL/2 ; deceleration ; 2 NM in level flight (3 NM i n descent) - TOD - Time at which weather update will be made (about 10 minutes before TOD) - Call-out these items (ETA, potential holding time, POD, TOD) These items will be updated as the flight progresses. - The potential holding time will be confirmed after the latest weather update.
QRH-33 Before Descent Guide The before descent guide will be carried out shortly before the descent once the weather conditions at the destination airfield are known and that the airfield is accessible. The callout : «BEFORE DESCENT ACTIONS» is made : Pilot calculates the items of approach : destination weather conditions, the expected approach type Once ATIS or VOLMET has been received, the pilot compares QNH to the QNH in the METAR from the weather briefing. If the METAR was not available before departure then the QNH should be verified by any means available (regional QNH, ATC, etc ). Before descent the following sequence should be respected : 1) Setting altimeter and speed bugs 2) Radio-navigation means conform to CDI source 3) Briefing - Headings... Checked - Altimeter bugs...set Set red bug to arrival runway threshold elevation for all approaches except IFR circle to land procedures when the bug should be set to airfield elevation. Set white bug to DA or MDA. - Markers... Tested high Only test if an OM is associated with an IFR procedure. - Mixture... Full rich - Fuel tank selector... Fullest tank - Engine parameters... Adjusted - Seat belts...attached - Arrival briefing...completed The arrival briefing consists of describing the flight path from descent to landing including go-around procedure in chronological order emphasizing any special items. Note : The briefing is not a priority item and should not affect flight path or cause a late descent. If latest weather is not known at the time of the briefing then the briefing should be carried out with the last known information and updated when more precise information has been received. For examples of arrival briefings see VFR or IFR training manuals. Refer to Flight Training Supplement for further information concerning briefings. Reminder of the chronological order of items before descent
QRH-34 Before descent actions Before descent check-list Request descent clearance Descent If descent is due to ATC instructions : Before descent actions Descent Descent check-list Descent Check-List - Headings...Checked - Altimeter bugs...set - Mixture...Full rich - Fuel tank selector...fullest tank - Briefing... Completed The pilot should then request descent. The descent guide should be carried out during descent. - Icing conditions... Monitored The pilot should monitor icing conditions and use appropriate anti-ice/de-ice systems if OAT < 5 C with visible humidity. - Descent pitch attitude...set A normal descent is made at on a 2 flight path. Se t a pitch attitude of 2 less than the cruise attitude and trim aircraft. - ROD... Controlled When the descent attitude has been set the ROD will be about 600 ft/min. - Speed... Controlled - Power... Adjusted Reduce manifold pressure during the descent as the pressure will increase as altitude decreases. - Trim...Set - Call-out...500 ft before
QRH-35 Note : The descent phase transition requires special attention and concentration for a few tens of seconds. It should be calibrated where possible using a DME. The aim is to maintain a ground descent path of 2. Where possible a ROD of greater than 500 ft/min should be avoided for passenger comfort. Approach In the descent, the setting of the altimeters to QNH should entail an immediate verification of altimetry. As soon as possible afterwards the guide and check-lists should be carried out. Approach Guide The guide is carried out as soon as the altimeters are set to QNH once the aircraft has been cleared to an altitude. The call-out : «APPROACH ACTIONS», is made. The pilot sets the altimeters and calls out «ALTIMETERS SET TO QNH». - Icing conditions... Monitored The pilot should monitor icing conditions and use appropriate anti-ice/de-ice systems if OAT < 5 C with visible humidity. - Altimeters......QNH...hPa... compared As soon as the pilot is cleared to an altitude the altimeters should be set to QNH. The pilot makes the setting changes and comparisons according to the clearance received. The call-out : : «ALTIMETERS SET AND CROSSCHECKED» should be made. - Lights...ON Reminder for deceleration order : Power, propeller pitch, mixture : Set 15 in.hg. 2500 RPM. The manifold pressure will decrease to about 13 in.hg. Re-adjust as necessary. This corresponds to the deceleration required for a distance of 3 NM. Approach Check-List - Altimeters...QNH hpa compared - Anti-ice... As necessary
QRH-36 Landing Before Landing Guide - Configuration...Retained for landing The school has retained speeds for deploying flaps and gear that are 10 kt below the manufacturer s recommended speeds. Exception is made for low height circuits, circle to land procedures, fast arrivals and airfield circuits. At the speeds retained for deploying flaps the following call-out is used : «SPEED... kt, FLAPS...». The actual flap position is observed and when the correct position has been identified the call-out : «FLAPS...» is made. At the speed retained for lowering gear the call-out «SPEED... kt, GEAR DOWN». When the gear is down the call-out «GEAR DOWN, THREE GREENS» is made. - Propeller... Full fine pitch The prop. pitch will be set to full fine pitch once the flaps have been set to 40 or to 10 in IFR. - Brakes...Pressurized The pilot presses on the brake pedals to ensure the brakes are pressurized. Feet should then be removed from the brakes until landing. - Mixture... Full rich - Fuel pump...on - Auto-pilot...Disengaged The auto-pilot should be disengaged at 200 ft AGL at the latest. Reminder : A stable final approach is defined as follows : the aircraft is stable at the speed retained, on the descent path and approach axis, the before landing guide and check-list have been carried out. Note : Throughout the final approach the pilot should keep his hand on the throttle except for brief actions.
QRH-37 Before Landing Check-List - Gear... Down, three greens - Propeller pitch... Full fine pitch - Mixture...Full rich - Flaps... 10 or 4 0 - Fuel pump... ON For airfield circuit and exercises a short before landing check-list will be used. The call-out is : «SHORT BEFORE LANDING CHECK-LIST». Short Before Landing Check-List - Gear... Down, three greens - Propeller pitch... Full fine pitch - Flaps... 10 or 4 0
QRH-38 After Landing After Landing Guide The after landing guide is carried out once the runway has been vacated with the call-out «AFTER LANDING ACTIONS». If these actions are carried out while taxiing, then the check-list is deferred until parked on the apron. For training purposes the student may ask the instructor to take the controls. The call-out «YOU HAVE THE CONTROLS» will be made and the instructor will reply «I HAVE THE CONTROLS». The student can then carry out the necessary actions. - Strobes... OFF Strobes should be off when taxiing to avoid dazzling other pilots or ground crew. - Alternate air... Pushed Alternate air should be closed on the ground to avoid foreign objects or debris from entering the air systems. - Anti-ice systems... OFF -Transponder...STBY 0000 - Fuel pump... OFF - Pitot heat... OFF The pitot has no use after landing. In addition its use on the ground may lead to overheating due to insufficient cooling. - Taxi light...on - Landing light... OFF - Flaps...0 - Trims...Neutral - Altimeter bugs... Zero
QRH-39 After Landing Check-List - Flaps... 0 - Landing light... OFF - Pitot heat... OFF - Strobes... OFF - Fuel pump... OFF - Anti-ice systems... OFF - Transponder... STBY 0000 - Alternate air...pushed - Altimeter bugs...zero Parking Parking Guide The parking guide is carried once the aircraft is stationary on the parking apron. The call-out is «PARKING ACTIONS». - Parking brake... Set - Block time...noted - Taxi light... OFF - Fuel consumption...noted - ELT...Checked Listen to 121.50 MHz for any ELT transmission. - Engine speed...1000 RPM - Radio master... OFF - Alternator... OFF - Magnetos... OFF - Mixture... Lean - Ignition key...removed - All switches... OFF On some aircraft the following equipment may be located in different positions.
QRH-40 - Lighting (3 rheostats)... OFF - Electric horizon... OFF - Turn indicator... OFF - Auto-pilot... OFF - Wing de-ice... OFF - Propeller anti-ice... OFF - Anti-collision lights... OFF - Navigation lights... OFF - Battery... OFF - Parking brake...released Parking Check-List - Parking brake...released - ELT...Checked - Mixture... Lean - Ignition key... Removed - Battery... OFF Be courteous and show good airmanship to other users by leaving the aircraft clean and tidy. A walk around should be carried out to detect any problems that may require the intervention of ground staff. The tyres and propeller should be especially checked. Note : On aircraft with de-ice/anti-ice systems, the fuel consumed must be noted before switching off the battery as the totalizer on these aircraft do not have any memory.
QRH-41 Other procedures Start-up with external power unit The use of a ground power unit does not modify the normal operational procedures for the aircraft. However, before connecting the ground power unit verify : - Voltage...12 V/28 V - Battery switch... ON (28 V)/OFF (14 V) An assisted start is carried out with the battery connected for 28V aircraft and with the battery disconnected for 14 V aircraft. - Radio master... OFF After start-up - Ground power unit...disconnected - Battery switch... ON (12 V) Verification of battery charge This procedure can be used when there is any doubt about battery status. It is carried out in the following conditions : - Engine running - Ground power unit disconnected - Battery switch... OFF - Taxi and landing lights...on - Engine speed... Idle - Battery switch...on - Engine speed... 1500 RPM - Voltmeter... Checked If the voltmeter is in the red range, switch off engine and recharge battery. - Taxi and landing lights... OFF
MASS AND BALANCE QRH-42 3. Mass and Balance 3.1 Mass and balance sheet
MASS AND BALANCE QRH-43 3.2 Quick mass and balance calculations
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