RESULTS from airborne sulfur compliance monitoring in the central and border of the SECA Johan Mellqvist, Vladimir Conde, Jörg Beecken and Johan Ekholm Department of Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden mail: johan.mellqvist@chalmers.se
Airborne measurement at the entrance to Baltic sea 240 h (30 h/month over 5 missions) 5-10 ships per hour SECA border 5W
Airborne compliance measurements Southern Baltic. Passenger ferry with installed scrubber was found to run on high sulfur fuel without functioning scrubber on several days
Airborne compliance measurements at SECA border (5 W) lägg till hur vi flög (kankse Marine trafic)
Bretagne campaign
Airborne sniffer measurements at SECA border (5 W), inward bound ships
Airborne sniffer measurements at SECA border (5 W), inward and outward bound ships
Airborne compliance measurements inside SECA border. Fuel sulfur content SC versus course. 13 % of the individual ships are high close to the SECA border. Basically all of these were leaving the SECA
Preliminary estimates of compliance levels at different measurement stations operated by Chalmers University of technology Station/Area Coord Period No of ship meas (acceptable quality) No individal ships Cut-off level Ratio of noncompliance Gothenburg Ship channel 57 o 41 08.64 11 o 50 17.08 2014 2015* 2016 4631 4873 3389 532 541 483 1.2% 0.3% 0.15% NA 98% 99% Great Belt bridge 55 o 20 36.08 11 o 02 54.44 Aircraft OY-MST around Denmark North Sea/ S Baltic Sea 201506-201605 201606-201611 201506-201610 6783 2111 1167 1052 sniffer 680 626 optical 626 NA 0.15%** 0.2% 0.3% 1% NA 96% 94% (orange) 97% (red) 98% Aircraft OY-MST SECA border English Channel (5W) 201609 74 74 0.2% 0.3% Cross sensitivity to sticky compounds in flue gas (particles) due to missing kicker, *** Preliminary, 0.2-0-3% orange >0.3% reda ship measurements is the daily measured average of a ship, on the respective sides of the SECA 84% 87%
Preliminary Results Chalmers/CompMon/miljöstyrelsen On the English Channel 13 % of the ships were doing too early fuel switching starting at 4W when leaving the SECA. Around Denmark and southern Baltic and North sea there is in general good compliance rate, 96 % at great Belt bridge, 97 % from airborne. (Threshold fixed 0.15%/ airborne 0.2%/ Some specific shipowners/lines are often encountered high (flag less important) Several ferry lines have been operating with malfunctioning scrubbers on numerous occasions (whole summer) A cruiser line flagged in a European non SECA country has been measured high both from the air, Great Belt bridge and onboard inspection. They have one scrubber installation oner one out of 4 engines for a 18 month test period, approved by the flagstate.
Summary and Outlook Sniffer and optical measurements operated from airborne and fixed sites are fully operational for remote compliance monitoring The development has been driven by individual states and EU projects. Measurements are expensive however and the political will to carry out such monitoring on a long term basis is lacking for most countries in Europe. Forinstance despite the fact the port state control authorities have recommended such monitoring in both Denmark and Sweden there is no state funding available for further activities A joint European activity is needed to help fund and coordinate efforts and cost sharing. Forinstance by sharing a few surveillance aircraft, joint database (European Maritime Safety Agency?).
References Berg, N., Mellqvist, J. et al., Ship emissions of SO2 and NO2: DOAS measurements from airborne platforms, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1 14, doi:10.5194/amt-5-1-2012, 2012 Alfoldy B.,..., Mellqvist J., et al., Measurements of air pollution emission factors for marine transportation, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 8925 8967, doi:10.5194/amtd-5-8925-2012 2012 Balzani Lööv J M. J. Mellqvist, et al., Field test of available methods to measure remotely SOx and NOxemissions from ships, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 9735-9782, 2013, Beecken, J., Mellqvist, J., Salo, K., Ekholm, J., and Jalkanen, J.-P: Airborne emission measurements of SO2, NOx and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 10617-10651, doi:10.5194/amtd-6-10617-2013, 2013. Beecken, Emission Factors of SO2, NOx and Particles from Ships in Neva Bay from Ground-Based and Helicopter-Borne Measurements and AIS-Based Model, ACPD, 2014