presented by Joseph Payne PE, LEED AP Guemes Island Guemes Island Ferry Committee 25 October 2015
Identify cost, operational, maintenance, and environmental benefits of a battery-powered all-electric ferry
Agenda Unique aspects of EZEferry system System description/arrangement Performance, reliability, safety Economic analysis Summary
EZEferryf y Team System Integrator/Supplier Ron Hansen Vice President Power Electronics Manufacturer Dave Brazier EMRA Controls Battery System Integrator Mitch Mabrey VP Engineering & Business Development Naval Architect Eric Engelbrecht VP Marine
Unique aspects of EZEferry system q p f y y No internal combustion engines All main propulsion engines and ship service generators are eliminated (minimum of four engines on most ferries) No engine maintenance Engine overhauls Oil changes No fuel tanks or fuel oil systems No fuel spills No trips to fueling dock
Unique aspects of EZEferry system No internal combustion engines No engine cooling systems No engine starting systems No Class-A machinery space and the associates fire protection requirements Significant reduction in vessel noise ZERO Emissions No exhaust piping or mufflers Lots of happy neighbors!
Unique aspects of EZEferry system Main power system Propulsion and ship service powered supplied by two battery banks Battery banks are charged when in port, utilizing 600Vac-690Vac utility power Battery bank configuration and type of battery is dependent upon operational profile: may be sized for one complete round-trip or multiple trips (plus reserve)
Unique aspects of EZEferry system Compact main power module (patent pending) All battery bank, charging system and main power/inverter components contained in two standard ISO containers All systems are wired up and pre-tested t before shipment to shipyard Significant ifi reduction in space requirements on vessel Plug-N-Play installation (cabling and cooling hoses) Major reduction in shipyard installation costs
Unique aspects of EZEferry system Compact main power module (patent pending)
Unique aspects of EZEferry system Compact main power module (patent pending)
Unique aspects of EZEferryf y system Equipment Scope of Supply Main Battery Banks Battery Monitoring System (BMS) Main Power/Inverter Cabinet Rectifier/Charging Units 900Vdc Distribution Main Propulsion Inverter/Motor Drives DC/DC Converter (Battery Isolation) Ship Service Power Inverters Main Propulsion Motors
Unique aspects of EZEferry system q p f y y Vessel Arrangements Vessel arrangements are significantly simplified due to the elimination i of many engine and fuel support systems Battery/inverter modules can be easily arranged around the required structural support
Unique aspects of EZEferryf y system Typical arrangement
Unique aspects of EZEferryf y system Typical arrangement
Unique aspects of EZEferryf y system Typical arrangement
EZEferryf y System Performance, Reliability, & Safety Response of electric propulsion motors much faster than direct-drive diesels. When slowing, propulsion motors act as generators to charge batteries (regeneration) and reduce power required from utility. Other than Propulsion Motors, there are NO moving parts in this system. Extremely low maintenance and high reliability.
EZEferryf y System Performance, Reliability, & Safety Charging Cabinets are EACH capable of charging entire battery bank within the required time (100% redundant) Inverter/drive modules and propulsion motors are proven technology; utilized in industrial and marine applications world-wide System can be configured such that in the event of an inverter failure, either motor can be supplied from the opposite inverter
EZEferryf y System Performance, Reliability, & Safety Batteries Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Entirely maintenance-free High charge and discharge rates Automatic ti cell monitoring, i balancing and isolation (with remote monitoring available) NMC chemistry was selected for this specific operating and charging profile. Different chemistry may be appropriate for other scenarios.
Economic Analysis EZEferryf y System (why this makes sense!) Internal combustion engines are generally 30-40% efficient Engines idling at dock or slow speeds are VERY inefficient Large electric motors are generally 96-98% efficient. Modern inverters are 95-97% 97% efficient. EZEferry system is ~85-90% efficient (utility to shaft)
EZEferryf y System Economic Analysis Operating profile: 30 car, double-ended ferry 600HP main propulsion engines 25-30kW of hotel (ship service) load Maximum power required: ~460kW 5-minute crossing 6-minutes at island 13-minutes at mainland, charging g batteries 30-minute total round-trip 23-26 26 round-trips per day, 365 days per year
EZEferry Economic Analysis: Capital Costs Cost of a 600HP EZEferry system: $2.3M (includes $200k for shore facilities) Cost of a 600HP direct-drive system: $1.7M (estimated using two Cat C18 Tier 3 engines)
EZEferry Economic Analysis: Annual Costs Total Ttlenergy used din one round-trip: dt 82kWH With 85% system efficiency: 82kWH/trip = 2315kWH/day Utility energy cost: 5.98 /kwh = $51.6k/year Utility demand cost (PSE Schedule 26): $10.90/kW/month = $51.6k/yr * Total power cost: $102k/year (No regeneration included in this calculation)
EZEferryf y System Economic Analysis: Annual Costs Electric system (4-trip reserve capacity) Energy: Batteries: System maintenance: Total: $102k/year $72k/yr $5k/yr $179k/yr Cost of diesel version: $3.50/gal $4.00/gal Fuel: ($3.50/$4.00 gal) $185k/yr $210k/yr LO/System maintenance: $170k/yr Total: $355k/yr $375k/yr Savings: ~$186k/yr (~3.2 year payback)
Economic Analysis EZEferry System ~$185k/yr savings (1 st 7 years) ~$230k/yr savings (yr 8-14) ~$270k/yr savings (yr 15-30) 50% reduction in current fuel and engine maintenance costs $7.2M savings in 30 years * These savings reflect anticipated reductions in battery replacement costs. Changes in diesel fuel & electric rates, and regeneration savings are not included in this analysis.
EZEferry System Economic Analysis Given the rapid advance ance in battery technology, expect the battery replacement cost to drop significantly, reducing annual operating costs even further. 50% reduction in the next 5-10 years would not be unexpected. Also expect fuel prices to increase and emission standards to become even tighter, substantially increasing the capital and operating costs of any internal combustion system.
EZEferryf y System Battery Options Use larger battery with 20-year life, capable of supplying daily power with ONE 6-hour charge Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB)
EZEferryf y System Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB) Redox (reduction-oxidation): type of rechargeable battery where rechargeability is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids contained within the system and separated by a membrane
EZEferry System 20 Year Battery Options NMC VRB Cost: $4.3M $1.4M Weight: 42 tons 160 tons Volume: 2 4 (20 ISO containers) Maintenance: Very Low Low Safety: Good Excellent Complexity: High Low Reliability: Good Excellent VRB would appear to be the better option with the exception of the weight. This may simply be too heavy for a steel vessel of this size, but would appear to be very feasible for an aluminum vessel.
EZEferry System Economic Analysis: VRB battery Electric system (full day capacity) Energy: System maintenance: Ttl Total: $116k/year $10k/yr $126k/yr Cost of diesel version: $3.50/gal $4.00/gal Fuel: ($3.50/$4.00 00 gal) $185k/yr $210k/yr LO/System maintenance: $170k/yr Total: $355k/yr $375k/yr Savings: ~$239k/yr (~2.6 year payback) $7.2M savings in 30 years
Summary EZEferry provides EZE vessel construction ti EZE vessel operation EZE vessel maintenance Zero Z emissions i Elimination of 560 tons green house gases every year Significant reduction in operating costs
EZE TM Electric Zero Emissions Contact info: Joe Payne Joe.Payne@EESImarine.com Tl/T Tel/Text: 360.710.1424