Market Trends in Fuel Cell Technology Development an Industry Perspective Harry Karmazyn, Head of Product Development, Motive Ashley Kells, Head of Programmes 1 st February 2017 2017 Intelligent Energy Limited The information in this document is the property of Intelligent Energy Limited and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purposes other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Intelligent Energy Limited. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Intelligent Energy Limited, no 1 warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Intelligent Energy Ltd or any of its subsidiary companies
Intelligent Energy Portfolio Stack System Product Application 1W 10W Consumer Electronics (CE) 100W 1kW 10kW Motive Drones & UAV Stationary Power 100kW+ 2
Proven Delivery of World Firsts First manned fuel cell aircraft First purpose built fuel cell motorbike First fully road approved fuel cell scooter First PEM fuel cell black cab 3
IE Air Cooled Technology Air Cooled Fuel Cell Stack Fuel cell stack assembly line: commissioned in Japan, January 2013 at SMILE JV, a joint venture between IE and Suzuki Motor Corporation IE Air Cooled Motive System Type Air Cooled PEM Output 4kWe Volume 30 litre Mass 20 kg Interface CAN 4
Opinion: Consumers and Executives Survey highlights consumer demand for Fuel Cell Vehicles greater than BEV Source: KPMG Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017 https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2017/01/global-automotive-executive-survey-2017.pdf 5
UK Powertrain Technology Roadmap Source: Automotive Council UK http://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/ 6
UK Bus Technology Roadmap Source: Automotive Council UK http://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/ 7
Motive Fuel Cell System Components Fuel Cell Stack Balance of Plant Controller Gas Management Air Management Heat Management Electrical Management Gas Safety Hydrogen Storage and Refill Electrical Energy Storage & Hybridisation Battery or Supercapacitor Motor Controller Propulsion Motor Braking Solution 8
FCEV and EV commonality Fuel Cell Stack Balance of Plant Controller Gas Management Air Management Heat Management Electrical Management Gas Safety Hydrogen Storage and Refill Electrical Energy Storage & Hybridisation Battery or Supercapacitor Motor Controller Propulsion Motor Braking Solution Unique to FCEV Note some individual components may be from EV or general automotive parts bin As EV but possibly smaller As EV 9
FC Performance Parameters for Motive Cost Power/ Physical Mass Life Power/ Physical Volume Efficiency/Range Environmental Envelope The fuel cell market has some way to go on cost Cost is largely driven by volume so this is chicken and egg IE believe use of common designs across diverse applications may speed up cost reduction 10
FC Performance Parameters for Motive Cost Power/ Physical Mass Life Power/ Physical Volume Efficiency/Range Environmental Envelope Life is approaching acceptable levels for fuel cells There is always room for improvement Continuing improvement work Improvement translates into better through life cost 11
FC Performance Parameters for Motive Cost Power/ Physical Mass Life Power/ Physical Volume Efficiency/Range Environmental Envelope Fuel Cells are known for efficiency - translates to good range Hydrogen storage (cylinders) is the other side of the range equation 70MPa (700bar) storage now the norm for cars, but still expensive 35MPa (350bar) storage fading away for cars There is always room for improvement 12
FC Performance Parameters for Motive Cost Power/ Physical Mass Life Power/ Physical Volume Efficiency/Range Environmental Envelope Environmental envelope performance meets the needs of drivers There is always room for improvement Continuing improvement work 13
FC Performance Parameters for Motive Cost Power/ Physical Mass Life Power/ Physical Volume Efficiency/Range Environmental Envelope Parameters above are perceptive illustrations Next slide focuses on Power Mass & Volume density Safety is a pre-requisite... 14
Gravimetric/Volumetric Power Density Motive fuel cell systems need to be small & powerful to fit into a vehicle Especially true for motorbikes and cars Less of an issue for bus applications Thin metal plate cell technologies makes for small robust stacks compared to the graphite based designs we see in textbooks Motive fuel cell systems need to be light & powerful for vehicles Especially true for smaller vehicles Especially true for aircraft Less of an issue for bus and materials handling Thin metal plate cell technologies make for light stacks IE 2015 Power Density info IE 2016 example of lightweight optimisation 15
Range & Refuelling typical ICE Author (HK) currently drives a diesel car Next car won t be a diesel! Fill up every 3 to 4 weeks Trigged by 50-100 miles left in tank, supermarket discount voucher, upcoming long journey Avoid expensive motorway fuel Less than 5 minutes to fill up Queue - waits until the next day/opportunity Full Panic High Anxiety Aggitated Minor fear Calm Total Relaxation Planning - negligible Fill and go is the norm Range Anxiety - Negligible Run out of fuel? No In traffic queue? No Find fuel? Yes Fuelling time? No Queue for fuel? Maybe but doesn t matter Plan ahead? To save money 16
Range & Refuelling BEV for short commute BEV range good if you spend 100 mi basic BEV, 300+ mi hi-spec BEV Average commute (DOT Transport Statistics 2016) 26 miles, 52 miles daily Refill time 8 hours available when at work, 14 hours overnight Domestic charge slower than commercial Full Panic High Anxiety Aggitated Minor fear Calm Total Relaxation Planning - relies on routine Use routine down time to charge Some Range Anxiety - Some BEV Sales Run out of fuel? OK known routine In traffic queue? Some risk Find fuel? Home yes, work? Fuelling time? Long but uses downtime Queue for fuel? Home no, work? Plan ahead? Routine dependant In journey heater use will add to anxiety 17
Range & Refuelling Basic BEV for long journeys BEV range limited unless you spend 100 mi basic BEV Refill time 30 minutes to 80% ROSPA recommended driving stops 15 minutes per 2 hours Typical meal stops ½ to 1 hour per 4-6 driven hours Full Panic High Anxiety Aggitated Minor fear Calm Total Relaxation Planning dominates journey Charging extended & additional stops Range Anxiety - high Run out of fuel? Real Risk In traffic queue? Real Risk Find fuel? Needs planning, OK in future Fuelling time? Dominates journey Queue for fuel? Serious journey delay Plan ahead? Critical In journey heater use will add to anxiety 18
Range & Refuelling Hi-spec BEV for long journeys BEV range good if you spend 300 mi + HI-spec BEV Refill time 75 minutes to 100% ROSPA recommended driving stops 15 minutes per 2 hours Typical meal stops ½ to 1 hour per 4-6 driven hours Full Panic High Anxiety Aggitated Minor fear Calm Total Relaxation Planning some needed Charging leisurely meal stops Range Anxiety - some Run out of fuel? No In traffic queue? No Find fuel? Some planning, OK in future Fuelling time? Manageable with planning Queue for fuel? Serious journey delay Plan ahead? Some 19
Range & Refuelling FCEV FCEV range good 300 mi + Refill time Less than 5 mins Comparable to petrol ONCE INFRASTRUCTURE PRESENT Full Panic High Anxiety Aggitated Minor fear Calm Total Relaxation Planning - negligible Fill and go is the norm Range Anxiety - Low Run out of fuel? No In traffic queue? No Find fuel? Yes Fuelling time? No Queue for fuel? Maybe but doesn t matter Plan ahead? To save money Range & quick fill means viable for 24/7 autonomous vehicles 20
Fuel Cell Vehicle Availability - Cars Model Hyundai ix35 Toyota Mirai Honda Clarity FCV Released Availability 2013 (1 st series production fuel cell vehicle) 13 European countries, US, South Korea 2014 2016 (US) Japan, US, Europe US CA only Price 53,105 65,219 $369 per month H2 Storage 70MPa compressed H2 70MPa compressed H2 70MPa compressed H2 Fuel Cell 100kW PEM 113kW PEM 100kW PEM Range 369 miles 312 miles 366 miles Early stages of production ramp-up Growth limited by cost and infrastructure 21
Sources, acknowledgments and assumptions Fuel Cell Assembly Line Commissioned http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130219006667/en/intelligent-energy-suzuki- Motor-Corporation-Announce-Completion Hydrogen cylinder gunshot YouTube - Toyota https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvnojwqylym Hydrogen cylinder bonfire PRV venting YouTube Dynetek (Lincoln Composites) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zdvttoktok KPMG s Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017 https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2017/01/global-automotive-executivesurvey-2017.pdf Technology Roadmaps: Automotive Council UK http://www.automotivecouncil.co.uk/2013/09/automotive-technology-roadmaps/ Transport Statistics Great Britain: 2016 Department for Transport https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/576095/tsgb- 2016-report-summaries.pdf RoSPA Safer Journey Planner https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/road-safety/drivers/safer-journeyplanner.pdf 22
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