Smart Grids Antoine Graillot, TTA TRAMA TECNOAMBIENTAL, S.L. Avda. Meridiana 153 08026 Barcelona Tel: + 34 934 463 234 Fax: + 34 934 566 948 tta@tramatecnoambiental.es AIE Event Maputo, June 10 th 2009
Vision A Smart Grid is a digitalized energy delivery network that transmits a two-way flow of electricity and information monitoring everything from the generation site to specific measurements of consumer usage, including individual appliances. The continuous feedback and extensive control provided by a smart grid can allow for much more efficient - and ultimately less - electrical use.
Requirements New architectures of the distribution grids of the future Concepts for planning studies of the distribution networks of the future System engineering approach to operational integration Energy management strategies for large DG, storage and demand response penetration New methods for risk assessment and management
Applications Goals Smart Grid provides for: Less reliance on vulnerable centralized power generation and transmission systems, Integration of renewable generation and distributed generation An increase in the overall system efficiency The ability to match power quality to diverse end user needs A more robust electrical system.
Benefits Improve the effectiveness of pricing information to enable customers to make informed choices Enable distributed generation to sell electricity back into the grid Add the other half of electricity markets - demand - to the supply markets Improve the reliability of supply to existing networks Increase the proportion of non-dispatchable technologies to the grid thus supporting a lower carbon development trajectory Enable power networks to self-heal
Technology overview Smart Grid components Smart Metering Advanced Energy Management Systems Advanced Transmission and Distribution Advanced Controllers and Sensors Advanced Asset Management Integrated Communications Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) Wireless Technologies Improved Interfaces and Decision Support
Smart grid Components Network operational planning & design tools Real time security assessment and advanced dispatching tools Communications and control infrastructure for real time operation Devices & components for real-time operation Combined HV AC-DC lines Advanced forecasting algorithms and techniques Market & Regulation
Smart metering Aim of matching consumption with generation Traditionally meters only measure total consumption Smart meters offer real time metering and bi-directional communication SM provides: detect service outage, change contract, read useful information, etc First tests estimate that the use of smart metering could reduce the total consumption from 5 up to 15%
Advanced Energy Management System (EMS) Basic elements Power production Management (Advanced power electronics, communication interface, optimized system operation, etc) Battery management (Battery diagnosis algorithms, advanced load strategy, etc) Demand-side management (Load control, intelligent switches, user interfaces, etc) Metering systems (Real time pricing, remote readout meters, measurment of energy fluixes, etc)
Advantages for customers Customer as user Renewable energy choices Actionable information Independent on-premise energy management Ease of use Customer as supplier Fair compensation for system benefit Ancillary Services will increasing use of private distributed energy supply
Advantages for utilities Distribution Reduction of costs Improvement in grid quality Demand elasticity Generation and transmission More reliable, efficient, resilient grid Optimize operations Return on investment Regulatory compliance (to be developped)
Advantages for Society Maximize renewables Minimize environmental/carbon impact Stimulate economic development Enable 21st century energy infrastructure
Other Critical Issues Implementaion Legacy integration Standards and interoperability Clear boundaries between: Equipment Applications Customer Programs Public policy Informed decision making Measurable public benefit Regulation Enabling supportive regulations Standards and interoperatability Balancing tradeoffs between: University service Customized energy services Innovation
Initiatives In Europe Smart Grid Platform Italy's Telegestore Project (ENEL: 23 millions of smart meters) Yello Strom initiative (Germany): smart metering In the US Gridwise Alliance Micro-Grids Platform (NREL) Smart metering: Edison 4 millions Etc
Interest in SSA Situation Necessity to strenghten weak regional and local grids Generally high RE potential Potential in SSA Application 1: When: increasing of energy demand How: develop local decentralized generation instead of new transmission line Application 2: When: frequent grid interruptions and cut offs How: implement decentralized generation with storage
Interest in SSA Possibility of PV generation Between 2010 and 2015, PV generation cost cheaper than diesel generation cost Less transportation costs Uncertainty Analysis of SPV Generation Costing Costs (cents/kwh) Source: AICD Power Sector Database, 2008 Source: The World Bank Group - Energy Unit, Energy, Transport and Water Department
Barriers and Current Limitations Technology under test (demonstration and pilot project required) Lack of Standards and norms not defined (protocols, etc) Inverters issues not totally solved Communication issue not solved Bi-directional? Broadcast? Regulatory barriers Social concerns over fair availability of electricity