Robert N. Klein Western Nebraska Crops Specialist Which Sprayer Had the Best Results? $425,000 $1.2 million 1
Ceramic nozzle $7.36 Sprayers $425,000 and $1.2 million XRC11004-VK 1. Controls the amount applied GPA 2. Determines the uniformity of application 3. Affects the coverage 4. Affects the spray drift potential 5. Breaks the mix into droplets 6. Forms the spray pattern 7. Propels the droplets in the proper direction 2
With all the precipitation in the spring of 2015, a farmer had a pilot spray herbicides for weed control. The farmer also sprayed with his new sprayer. Who had the best weed control? Increasing spray droplet size to reduce drift has reduced weed control by 10 to 50% for some herbicides used in cereals. Research continues to evaluate the extent of impact as well as the cause of this effect and corrective measures. 3
Why did the aerial applicator get better control? The farmer used a spray nozzle that produced Ultra Coarse (UC) Spray Droplets. The recommended spray droplet size for the herbicides he was applying is Coarse (C). Spray Quality Categories ASABE Standard S-572.1 Farmer Category (symbol) VMD Color Code Extra Fine (XF) Purple Very Fine (VF) Red Fine (F) Orange Medium (M) Yellow Coarse (C) 341-403 Blue Very Coarse (VC) Green Extra Coarse (XC) White Ultra Coarse (UC) >665 Black NEW NEW S572 >150 151-250 251-350 351-450 Herbicides (300-450) 451-550 >551 UC Ultra Black >665 coarse Source: Crop Life July 2002 4
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250 Microns 250 Microns 500 Microns 250 Microns 250 Microns 250 Microns 250 Microns 250 Microns 250 Microns 7
Percent Control 100 XR Tee Jet DG Tee Jet Turbo Flood Jet 80 60 40.5.5.25 M C EC.4.4.2 M C EC.3.3 F C 20 0 XR DG TF XR DG TF XR DG 10 gpa 7.5 gpa 5 gpa 94 L/ha 70 L/ha 47 L/ha Carrier Volume Vapor Drift associated with volatilization (gas, fumes) Particle Drift movement of spray particles during or after the spray application 8
Spray Characteristics - Chemical - Formulation - Additives Weather, etc. - Air Movement (direction & velocity) - Temperature & Humidity - Air Stability/Inversions - Topography Equipment & Application - Nozzle Type - Nozzle Size - Nozzle Orientation - Nozzle Pressure - Height of Release - Technology - Sprayer Speed Downwind drift distance for various spray droplets released from different boom heights. tt Bretthauer, University of Illinois Extension 9
The Goal 100% Weed Control and 0% Spray Drift Drift Reduction: Recommended Techniques 1. Follow label directions. Read label and use the nozzle manufacturer s guide for nozzle and pressure combinations. 2. Select a nozzle to increase droplet size. Large droplets - less prone to drift. Use largest droplets that provide necessary coverage. 10
The drift reduction suggested by the study results will be used to assign a drift reduction rating to the tested DRT. The four DRT ratings represented by one, two, three, or four stars are awarded for technologies that demonstrate at least 25% reduction in potential spray drift. The greater the number of stars, the greater the potential reduction of spray drift: 25-49% reduction 50-74% reduction 75-89% reduction 90+% reduction 11
1. TT11004 2. AIC110025-VK 3. TTI11004-VP 5. XRC11003-VK 1. 2. 3. 5. 4. AIXR11005-VP 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 6. AITTJ60-11006-VP7. Wilger DR11004 8. Hypro PSULDQ2004 9. GreenLeaf TDXL11004-D with 10. TCP11010 12
Nozzle Selection for Droplet Size University of Nebraska EC130 2016 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska Droplet Color VMD Range Symbol Category Code (microns) Extremely Fine XF Purple <60 Very Fine VF Red 61-143 Fine F Orange 144-235 Medium M 236-340 Coarse C 341-403 Very Coarse VC Green 404-502 Extremely Coarse XC White 503-665 Ultra Coarse UC Black >665 13
TeeJet Technologies: Turbo TeeJet TT 14
% Coverage Research Funded by Nebraska Soybean Board Lower Leaves Middle Leaves Upper Leaves Coverage of Spray Droplets on Soybean Canopy 16 14 12 10 Travel Direction 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 XRC XRC XRC XRC TT TT AIC AIC 03 03 03 03 03 03 06 06 06 06 06 06 03 03 03 06 06 06 25 25 25 05 05 05 psi 15 30 60 15 30 60 15 30 60 15 30 60 15 30 60 15 30 60 30 60 90 30 60 90 I prefer 15-inch nozzle spacing for sprayers without Pulse Width Modulation. Also, 100% overlap where the pattern ends under the adjacent nozzles. 110-degree nozzles 15-inch spacing 100% overlap Advantages of 15- & 30-inch spacing: At low GPA, use 30-inch spacing (close off the nozzles on 15 inches). - Larger nozzles are less prone to spray particle drift & plugging At high GPA, use 15-inch spacing Do not need extremely large nozzles on 15-inch spacing Often can use the same nozzle at 15- & 30-inch. Example: 8 & 16 GPA, 10 & 20 GPA, and 12 & 24 GPA or application which are close to 2x. 15
Microns Percent Spray Comparison Wind AI TeeJet @2009 Winfield Solutions, LLC Herbicide Alone Herbicide + Interlock Volume Median Diameter (VMD) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Water RWM + 1% AMS + Array RWM + 2% AMS + Interlock RWM + 2% AMS RWM + 2% AMS + In-Place % less than 105 microns 17 11 12 11 4 5 4 6 6 8 3 4 3 5 5 7 6 6 7 1 1 0 2 1 1 XR 11005 TT 11005 TF 2.5 AI 11005 AIXR 11005 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 2.8 bar 2.8 bar 2.8 bar 2.8 bar 2.8 bar 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 16
Relative life span of nozzle Longevity and Cost of Nozzles Life of ceramic nozzle is 5 to 16.7 times that of stainless steel AIC $16.30 AIC $13.27 For example, if brass nozzle lasts 1 month, stainless steel would last 4 to 6 months, ceramic would last 20 to 100 months. (Months are only given as an example for easy comparison of lifespan) Turbo TeeJet Induction TTI11004-VP 17
Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI) Revised 3/26/16 18
Enlist Duo: Allowable Nozzles and Pressure Do not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart. Enlist Duo Crop System 19
Enlist Duo Crop System (cont.) Enlist Duo Crop System (cont.) 20
Enlist Duo Crop System (cont.) This information is for educational purposes only, pending regulatory approvals for component products. 21
So far the organic and conventional soybeans are the most sensitive to dicamba.with organic soybean having as much as 80% visual injury with 1/10 rate, and 40% with 1/100 th and 20% with 1/1000 th of the label 16 oz rate of Clarity 1/1000 th is equal to about 1/10 th of a teaspoon Dr. Stevan Knezevic XTEND: Allowable Nozzles and Pressure Do not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart. Manufact. Model Orifice sizes Droplet Size 20 PSI 30 PSI 40 PSI 50 PSI Greenleaf AirMix 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50 Hypro John Deere TDXL 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50 ULD 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50 TeeJet AI (80 o ) 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50 AI/AIC (110 o ) 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50 AITT J60 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50 AIXR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50 TTI 003, 004, 005 UC Min 30 Max 50 *Wilger DR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50 *only with Pulse Width Modulation systems 60 PSI 70 PSI 22
Roundup Ready XTEND Crop System 1. Use C to UC nozzle 2. Weed height 4" maximum 3. Maintain spray buffer required by label 4. Ground speed less than 15 mph 5. Use formulations with low volatility 6. Maintain appropriate boom height 20-inch height for 20-inch nozzle spacing 7. Optimal wind conditions 3 to 10 mph 8. Triple rinse tank after application Roundup Ready XTEND Crop System Clean equipment immediately after using this product, as follows: 1. After spraying, drain the sprayer (including boom). Do not leave the spray solution in the spray boom lines overnight or for extended periods of time. 2. Flush tank, hoses, boom, and nozzles with clean water. 3. Inspect and clean all strainers, screens, and filters. 4. Prepare a cleaning solution with a commercial detergent or sprayer cleaner according to the manufacturer's directions. 5. Wash all parts of the tank, including the inside top surface. Start agitation in the sprayer and thoroughly recirculate the cleaning solution for at least 15 minutes. Remove all visible deposits from the spraying system. 23
Roundup Ready XTEND Crop System (cont.) 6. Flush hoses, spray lines, and nozzles for at least 1 minute with the cleaning solution. 7. Repeat above steps for effective triple rinse. 8. Remove nozzles, screens, and strainers. Clean separately in the cleaning solution after completing the above procedures. 9. Drain sump, filter, and lines. 10.Rinse the complete spraying system with clean water. 11.Dispose of rinse in compliance with local, state, and federal guidelines. Example of a Spray Nozzle to Apply Both Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND Enlist Duo = AIXR 11004 @ 15-40 PSI, 10-15 GPA Roundup XTEND = AIXR 11004 @ 30-50 PSI, Min. 10 GPA AIXR 11004 Nozzle can be used for both Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND at 30 to 40 PSI 24
AIXR 11004 Speeds at various application rates, pressures, and nozzle spacing Application Rate 10 GPA Pressure 20-inch 30-inch 15-inch 30 PSI 10.3 mph 6.9 mph 13.7 mph 40 PSI 11.0 mph 7.9 mph 15.8 mph 12.5 GPA 30 PSI 8.2 mph 5.5 mph 11.0 mph 40 PSI 9.5 mph 6.3 mph 12.7 mph 15 GPA 30 PSI 6.9 mph 4.6 mph 9.2 mph 40 PSI 7.9 mph 5.3 mph 10.6 mph Not for Roundup Xtend I have limited the top Sprayer Speed in charts to 14 MPH At 2014 Crop Production Clinics, Bill Gordon (Emerging Issues for Australian Spraying) discussed Auto Height and said control may be limited in its effectiveness when traveling at speeds above 14-15 MPH 25
Problems The following problems will ask you the appropriate spray droplet sizes and ground application rates in gallons per acre. In the Field Days Booklet, use the charts that start on page 17. Then, you will be asked to select the appropriate nozzle. In the Field Days Booklet, use the charts that start on page 19. Problem 1: You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto XTRA. Using the chart on page 17 of the Field Days Booklet, What spray droplet size should you use? What ground application rate in gallons per acre? 26
Herbicides Droplet Size Ground Application GPA Callisto XTRA M to C 10 to 30 17 Problem 1: You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto XTRA. Using the chart on page 17 of the Field Days Booklet, What spray droplet size? Medium to Coarse is listed Use coarse to reduce drift What ground application rate (GPA)? 10 to 30 GPA is listed Use 20 GPA since we are using the larger particle size 27
Problem 1: You have a sprayer with 15-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 20 GPA at 12 mph Using the coarse chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? 19 28
Speed mph Rate gpm 15-inch 12 0.606 XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi TT11006 @ 41 psi* 19 Problem 1: You have a sprayer with 15-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 20 GPA at 12 mph Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi or TT11006@ 41 psi* *Just into spray drop size with water - many pesticides and additives reduce the spray drop size 29
Problem 1: What speed do you use with your spray equipment? mph What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer? inches Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing that you could use with your sprayer in this situation. Problem 2: You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet, What spray droplet size? What ground application rate in gallons per acre? 30
Fungicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA Prosaro SC No Mention Minimum 10 Pg 37 18 Problem 2: You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet, What spray droplet size? No Mention What ground application rate in gallons per acre? Minimum of 10 GPA 31
Problem 2: You have a sprayer with 20-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 15 GPA at 8 mph Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? Speed mph Rate gpm / gpa 20-inch 8 0.404 / 15 XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi Pg 420 32
Problem 2: You have a sprayer with 20-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 15 GPA at 8 MPH Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi Problem 2: What speed do you use with your spray equipment? mph What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer? inches Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing that you could use with your sprayer in this situation 33
Problem 3: You will treat soybeans with the insecticide Arctic 3.2E. Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet -What spray droplet size? -What ground application rate in gallons per acre? Herbicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA Arctic 3.2E Medium or Coarser 10 to 20 PG 18 34
Problem 3: You will treat soybeans with the insecticide Arctic 3.2E. Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet -What spray droplet size? Medium or Coarser -Use Medium to get better coverage -What ground application rate (GPA)? -10 to 20 gallons per acre -Use 10 GPA to get a large number of acres done in time Problem 3: You have a sprayer with 30-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 10 GPA at 14 MPH Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? 35
Speed mph Rate gpm 30-inch 14 0.707 XRC11008-VK @ 31 psi 19 Problem 3: You have a sprayer with 30-inch nozzle spacing Calibrated delivery rate of 10 GPA at 14 mph Using the medium chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice? XRC11008-VK @ 31psi 36
Problem 3: What speed do you use with your spray equipment? mph What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer? inches Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing that you could use with your sprayer in this situation. Questions? Thank you! Robert N. Klein Western Nebraska Crops Specialist 37