Alumnitalk 2013 Urban traffic situation and possible solutions for HANOI Hanoi, 6.2013 Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 1
Contents Overview of Urban Transportation in Hanoi Hanoi Traffic: Problems and Causes Possible solutions: innovative activities Some remarks and recommendations Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 2
Hanoi current situation S ~ 921km 2 Population > 5mil. Total of 19 districts Average: 2.1 trips/day/pers. Average trip length ~ 5.7km (Survey on 2009) Dr.-Ing. Le Thu Huyen, Hanoi 21.10.2013 Slide 3
Overview on urban transportation Road infrastructure: Improving slowly & inadequate - Low density & supply - Unbalanced & lack of hierarchical network Modal share: high dependence on motorcycle (>75%) Public transportation: improved, but still inadequate - Shortage of buses - Limited network coverage - Low adaptation to high mobility demand (7%) - Lack of BRT service, slow in MRT development Collector (5-7m) 12% Road length (m) per hectare Alley (3-5m) 29% Arterial (>7m) 8% 2004 Narrow alley (<3m) 51% Collector (5-7m) 14% Alley (3-5m) 30% Arterial (>7m) 8% 2009 Year No of No of routes buses 2000 31 334 2005 48 680 2009 66 983 Oct-13 86 1200 Nov-13 89 1240 Narrow alley (<3m) 48% Road length (m) per 1000 pop. Access roads to home
Urban Transport Problems Accidents High rate of fatalities Occurred mainly on the urban arterials and sub-urban highways Severe accidents occurred frequently during night time and off-peak period Congestion Extremely high volume 60% travel time is delay Pollutions Noise: is the most serious environmental problem of motorcyle use Air pollution: two-stroke engine motorcyclees
Causes of the Problems Internal Causes: Transport Issues ± Demand: high intensity and imbalanced distribution Vehicles: mixed vehicle technologies on the traffic flow Behaviours: immature responses to motorisation of transport Road Network: imbalanced distribution, lack of hierarchy, nonstandard alleys Parking: lack of area and facilities, No consideration for MC Public transport: low availability and quality Traffic Management: confusing and low effectiveness ± Urban and Transport Plans: failed by Ambitious goals and objectives ± Foreigner dependent planning Lack of resources (technical, financial, human) Complicated structure and low competency institutions
Causes of the Problems External Causes: Urban development Issues Political and socio-economic conditions Frequently changing laws and regulations, and institutional structure Quickly increasing income Social conflicts between different income groups and cultural trends. Demographic conditions Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation High density population Urban form and Land use conditions Mono-centric urban form Mixed land use in the city centre Sprawled and uncontrolled development in the newly urbanised areas Two-wheeler accessed only block
Which way for urban transport system in Hanoi Walking cities Urban Transport Development Scenarios for Hanoi Strong motorisation MDCs Continue motorisation; Heavy investment in road road builing; rapid sprawling suburbs Car dependence become "built in"? NMT Cities? Automobile cities Traffic saturated cities "Bangkok syndrome" Spectrum of city types between autmobile cities and modern transit cities Weak centre Bus cities ( low-cost cities) Slow: motorisation: restrained vehicle use; moderate road buidling Srongly restrain motorisation and vechicle use, Investement in Modern buses; Transit oriented land Continue motorisation; Do use; investement in NMT facilities nothing else? Continue motorisation Traffic disasters Very low accessibility Economic stagnation, pollution, urban decay? Strong/Early motorisation, low investement in public transport Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High ivestment in road building; rapid sprawling suburbs, strongly reduce invesment in mass transit Modern Bus Cities Early replace of rail by buses Early restrain of motorisation Modern Bus Cities Original Rail cities Investment in Rail transit (when affordable); Transit oriented land use development Mass-transit oriented land use patterns become the norm; Investement in Rail Transit Mass-transit oriented land use patterns become the norm; Investement in NMT facilities Modern Transit Cities (Rail oriented) Strong centre Modern Transit Cities??? Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High investment in road building; rapid sprawling suburbs, strongly reduce invesment in mass transit? Automobile cities Note: General evoluation path of the cities Low oil-dependent city Evolution path of some early industrialised cities Oil-dependent City [adapted from Barter (1999)] Suitable path for Motorcycle Dependent Cities cities Congested& oil-dependent City Slide 8 Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung
Compact city concept and Land use change Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 9
Public transport user incentives 10
Urban transport information system: Integrated Traffic Management Centre Source: Straßenverkehrsamt Stadt Frankfurt am Main: IGLZ Integrierte Gesamtverkehrs-Leitzentrale der Stadt Frankfurt am Main. 2006 / www.mainziel.de
12 Urban transport information system: Driver information
Traffic Calming Zone Sydney Hà Nội http://vnexpress.net/gl/the-gioi/australia-trong-toi/2011/04/mot-goc-sydney/ http://thethaovanhoa.vn/475n20111117085254343t0/ngo-nho-pho-nho.htm Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 13
Some remarks Hanoi is still depending on motorcycle strongly in term of accessibility and mobility Car use in growing and evidently causing both congestion and accidents Almost no chance to have balance car dependent situation Transit Oriented Development is a solution but may be the best but may not be the optimal solution within the period of 10 to 15 years Cleaner and Safer Motorcycle in combination with bus transport improvement should be emphasized!!! Traffic Management must become key strategy in the urban transport development process of Hanoi 11/25/2013 Dr.-Ing Khuat Viet Hung 14
Recommendations Establishment a comprehensive dynamic Traffic Model for Hanoi to use as the basis for traffic management of Hanoi transport system Intelligent Traffic Management Strategy must become major strategy in formulation and implementation of Hanoi Urban Transport Master Plan to 2030 vision to 2050 To conduct a comprehensive study on traffic management plan for Hanoi in a period of 5 year with a vision to 10 year. Identify clearly the functions and responsibilities of related governmental authorities and agencies in traffic management. Recognize urban traffic quality as one of the key performance indicators of Hanoi s Chairman of People Committee and Party Leader Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 15
Contact: Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Director of Transportation Department, Ministry of Transportation 80 Tran Hung Dao st., Hanoi VIETNAM Email: kviethung.mt@gmail.com Thank you for your attention! Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung 16