Exhaust Gas Cleaning A green and Economical choice Hamworthy Delivering know-how around the world Heidi M. Johannessen Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Agenda: Introduction Legislations Scrubbing Technology The Chemistry Messina Practical Experience www.hamworthy.com Page 1
Exhaust Gas Cleaning A green and Economical choice Seawater scrubbing is a well proven technology Common in land based industry since 1930`s Used at sea since 1960`s as Inert Gas Systems Hamworthy Moss has almost 50 years experience in making inert gas scrubbers Hamworthy Moss pioneered the Exhaust Gas Cleaning market in 1993 1MW EGCS and SCR installation on Fjordshell www.hamworthy.com Page 2
Exhaust Gas Cleaning A green and Economical choice Seawater scrubbing is a well proven technology Krystallon was the market leader with 4 installations in service Pride of Kent, 2005 Zaandam, 2007 Lemnos, 2007 Mitsui, 2008 Hamworthy plc acquired Krystallon in september 2009 Hamworthy Moss had the know-how on project management, manufacturing a worldwide sales and service network www.hamworthy.com First commercial order in June 2010 with Ignazio Messina & C Page 3
Legislation on Exhaust Gas Emission Regulations for the use of Sea Water Scrubbing fall into International IMO MEPC Annex VI Regulation 4 & 14 General Unified Guidelines on Interpretation (see www.egcsa.org) Supra-national 2005/33/EC - EU IPPC EU International National Rule making under national legislation according to European Directives In-state mainly US Federal & State regulations esp. California Type Approval / Class Approval This is achieved via MCA or Class (ship specific) Page 4
Legislation on Exhaust Gas Emission Legislation timeline Page 5
Future legislation on Exhaust Gas Emission Exhaust Gas Cleaning for PM removal The World Health Organisation estimates that PM is responsible for 865,000 premature deaths each year USEPA estimates that diesel PM will cause more than 21,000 premature deaths in 2010 USEPA has already introduced a limit on PM for engines below 2 500 kw Page 6
Legislation on Exhaust Gas Emission Effects on the bunker fuels market Today the price difference is about 230 $/mt. The price difference is estimated to increase (Source: Bunkerworld 4.nov 2010) Fuel price differential Source: Report Outlook for Marine Bunkers and Fuel Oil to 2025 from January 2009 by Robin Meech, Marine and Energy Consulting Limited Page 7
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Scrubbing Technology Basic Layout Seawater Scrubbing System Page 8
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Scrubbing Technology Exhaust without deplume on the scrubber outlet Page 9
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Scrubbing Technology Wash water discharge criteria During commissioning of the unit after installation, the discharge water plume should be measured externally from the ship (in harbour and at rest). The discharge ph at the ship s overboard ph monitoring point will be recorded when the plume, at a point 4 meters from the ship s side, equals or is above ph 6.5. The discharge ph to achieve a minimum ph units of 6.5 will become the overboard ph discharge limit recorded in the ETM. 0.00 depth [m] -0.50-1.00-1.50-2.00-2.50 8.20 8.15 8.10 8.05 8.00 7.95 7.90 7.85 7.80 7.75 7.70 7.65 7.60 7.55 7.50 7.45 7.40 Centreline -3.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 distance from ship hull [m] Page 10
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Scrubbing Technology Sludge Production The sludge collected is considered non-hazardous by the legislation, however it cannot be incinerated on board and has to be disposed of ashore. It can be in conjunction with discharge of the vessels waste oils and sludge. Estimated amount from Engine Manufacturers: 0,1 g/kwhr. Actual: 0,05 g/kwhr The amount depends on silt content in water and engine running profile Sludge is collected in a standard 1m 3 plastic container Page 11
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Chemistry Absorbtion of sulphur from exhaust Engine Exhaust Chemistry S + O 2 SO 2 (~95%) SO 2 + 1 / 2 O 2 SO 3 (~5%) Scrubber Chemistry SO 2 + H 2 O H 2 SO 3 (Sulphurous Acid) SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 (Sulphuric Acid) Oxidation of sulphite to sulphate SO 3 2- + ½ O 2 SO 4 2- Page 12
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Chemistry Capture of sulphate and increasing the ph Scrubber Reactions CaCO 3 + H 2 SO 3 CaSO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 2CaSO 3 + O 2 2CaSO 4 (Calsiumsulphate) Compounds like bicarbonates (HCO 3- ) and carbonates (CO 3 2- ) neutralise acidic compounds and help to buffer the ph. Alkalinity, not salinity is the measure of the buffer capacity of a solution. Page 13
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Ignazio Messina & C The first commercial order Vessel : DSME Hull 4465/66/67/68 Size of SWS : 4 x 2 MW auxiliary 1 x 1 MW boiler Installation type : New building Delivery : January 2011 January 2012 July 2011 June 2012 Performance : 98% SOx Removal 60-80% Particulate Removal Up to 4,5% fuel sulphur content Prepared for main engine scrubbing Page 14
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Scrubbing Technology Approvals and environmental compliance Approved under Method B of IMO Annex VI Regulation 14 - Sea Water Scrubbing Guidelines including latest amendments for Wash Water Criteria. Monitoring emissions to air and sea with marine approved systems. Remote reporting of performance and GPS position with secure data storage 3 detailed EIA Water interchange Toxicology Plume modeling Physical measurement and verification Page 15
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Pratical experience Pride of Kent Vessel : Pride of Kent, operates between Dover and Calais Size of SWS : 1MW Installation type : Dockside Hours of operation: More than 30,000 hours Results: 99% SOx removal 70% particulate removal Page 16
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Pratical experience Zaandam Vessel : Size of SWS : Hours of operation: Zaandam 8,5MW More than 4,000 hours Installation type : Dockside and at sea whilst sailing in very sensitive waters Results: 99% SOx removal 70% particulate removal Extensive work to improve WW discharge above IMO required standard The chart shows the results of the Zaandam during operation in North American waters. The seawater varies greatly in composition, from cold brackish to warm and saline. The scrubber performance proved reliable in all conditions 900.00 50.00 800.00 NO ppm 45.00 700.00 H2O mau 40.00 CO2 % 35.00 600.00 500.00 0.1%S fuel equivalent, 22ppm at 13.25% O2 SO2 ppm 30.00 400.00 SO2ppm / CO2% 25.00 300.00 15 per. Mov. Avg. (SO2 ppm ) 20.00 15.00 200.00 10.00 100.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 03:03:00 04:43:00 06:23:00 08:03:00 Page 17
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd Scrubbing Technology Test station at Hamworthy Moss 1 MW Exhaust Gas Cleaning installation Tests run continously Training for ships crew on Inert Gas Systems Future training on Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Demonstration for potential customers Page 18
Hamworthy Global network Hamworthy Services Hamworthy Services offer a global network with a growing service resource of qualified engineers. Located in key strategic centers for North America, Europe, Middle East and East & South East Asia and with support from our extensive network of Agents and distributors in 70 countries, Hamworthy are well placed to deliver. Europe Denmark (Aalborg) Germany (Geesthacht) Netherlands (Rotterdam) Norway (Asker & Moss) Poland (Gdynia) Spain (VillaGarcia de Arosa) UK (Poole & Dover) Middle East UAE (Sharjah) East & South East Asia China (Dalian, Guangzhou, Shanghai & Suzhou) Korea (Busan) India (Mumbai) Singapore Product companies Sales & service centres North America USA (Miami & Houston) Page 19