ABB Power Generation, 2012-06-12 Microgrids & Renewable Integration The grid is back- a solution to the new complexities in the electricity sector
Agenda PowerGen Europe, 12th of June 2012 Introduction Why renewable energy in microgrids? Renewable energy integration challenges Microgrid technology solutions Solar/diesel & wind/diesel projects Summary June 14, 2012 Slide 2
Introduction ABB Renewable Energy Integration What is a Microgrid? Integrated energy system consisting of distributed energy resources (DER) and multiple electrical loads operating as a single, autonomous grid either in parallel to or islanded from the existing utility power grid. June 14, 2012 Slide 3
Introduction ABB Renewable Energy Integration Market offering Solarfarm Windfarm Offering: Renewable Energy Integration Diesel Power Station Load June 14, 2012 Slide 4
Introduction ABB Renewable Energy Integration Mission Power system integrator who designs, supplies and constructs Renewable Energy Power Stations Enable organisations to make the transition from fossil fuel based generation to Renewable energy based generation Specialists in high penetration of wind and/or solar in diesel/gas plants ABB Inc. June 14, 2012 Slide 5
Introduction ABB Renewable Energy Integration Why Renewables? USD/Barrel 160 Increase of fuel cost over past 9 years: $12.50/year 140 120 100 Solar Energy July 2008 USD$137.11/barrel April 2011 USD$118.82/barrel 80 Wind Energy 60 40 20 0 gen 03, 2003 gen 03, 2004 gen 03, 2005 gen 03, 2006 gen 03, 2007 gen 03, 2008 gen 03, 2009 gen 03, 2010 gen 03, 2011 Source: US Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics and Analysis www.eia.gov June 14, 2012 Slide 6
Renewable Energy Integration Challenges The Diesel Power Station Frequency & Voltage Control Fault Current System Inertia Spinning Reserve Step Load (load increase & reject) Unbalanced load supply Firm Capacity Active & Reactive Power Supply Loadsharing between generators Automatic dispatch control June 14, 2012 Slide 7
Renewable Energy Integration Challenges Low Penetration System 10-20% (annual average 5-10%) Solarfarm Windfarm Renewable Energy Integration Diesel Power Station Load June 14, 2012 Slide 8
Renewable Energy Integration Challenges High Penetration System 100% (annual average 40-60%) Solarfarm Windfarm Renewable Energy Integration Diesel Power Station Load June 14, 2012 Slide 9
Windfarm Output Renewable Energy Integration Challenges Managing wind power output fluctuations kw 10hrs June 14, 2012 Slide 10
Solar Irradiation Renewable Energy Integration Challenges Managing solar power output fluctuations Cloudcover causes large output changes in SolarPV generator 0kW Day1 Day2 Day3 June 14, 2012 Slide 11
Renewable Energy Integration Challenges...keeping the system together Wind/SolarPV/Diesel System Spinning Reserve Unbalanced load supply Solarfarm Windfarm Active & Reactive Power Supply Loadsharing between generators Automatic dispatch control Offering: Renewable Energy Integration Diesel Power Station Load June 14, 2012 Slide 12
Microgrid technology solutions 5 key integration & enabling technologies 1. Energy & Power System Modelling 2. Automatic dispatch and control of RE & Diesel Plant 3. Grid stabilising 4. Load control and automated demand response 5. Energy storage June 14, 2012 Slide 13
Microgrid technology solutions Energy modelling using HOMER energy June 14, 2012 Slide 14
Microgrid technology solutions Energy modelling for optimised results June 14, 2012 Slide 15
Microgrid technology solutions Dynamic stability and control modelling Input vwind(t),... Power System Dynamic Model Output: U(t), f(t),... Power system dynamic Stability modelling (transients, disturbances...) Wind turbine Gen 1 P-Q Messung G ~ Gen 1 LS Gen1 Diesel generator Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7 G ~ G ~ G ~ G ~ G ~ G ~ LS LS LS LS LS LS PLL Grid WKA 3 G ~ LS Ltg Leitung Gen1 HSS Ltg Ltg Ltg Ltg Ltg Ltg LS Ltg 3 ~ 415V / 50 Hz WKA 2 G ~ LS Netz LS Ps1 f-u measurement Recorded data LS Leitung G ~ WKA1 WKA1 WKA 1 Kompensation WKA 1 P-Q Messung WKA 1 P-Q Messung Netz Isolated gird Leitung Ps1 Ps 1 P-Q Messung Ps1 PowerStore Output of Simulation from real system: (Voltage, Frequency, etc) Simulation tool June 14, 2012 Slide 16
Microgrid technology solutions Power Control & Dispatch System PV/CPV Generation & P-CMS* Wind Turbine Generator & W-CMS* Control Centre Energy Storage System & E-CMS* Cooling/Heating Loads & L-CMS* Power Micro-Grid N-CMS* Other Consumers/ Micro-Grid Diesel Generator & G-CMS* Smart Consumers & L-CMS* Grid Stabilising System June 14, 2012 Slide 17 & E-CMS*
Microgrid technology solutions Distributed Power Control & Dispatch System PV/CPV Generation & P-CMS* Wind Turbine Generator & W-CMS* Control Centre Energy Storage System & E-CMS* Cooling/Heating Loads & L-CMS* Communication Power Micro-Grid Network N-CMS* Diesel Generator & G-CMS* Smart Consumers & L-CMS* June 14, 2012 Slide 18 Grid Stabilising System & E-CMS* *CMS: Distributed control systems with generator-type/ load-type specific control and monitoring application software that react and, if connected, interact according to a chosen grid operation philosophy
Microgrid technology solutions PowerStore - Flywheel System Features Grid Stabilising Scalable & Modular Frequency Control Introducing SYNTHETIC INERTIA Voltage Control Fault ride through Grid forming 440Vac 50/60Hz Fixed Frequency Virtual Generator Real Power Reactive Power Flywheel Inverter Real Power 440Vac 60-120Hz Variable Frequency MG 2.9T 1,800-3,600 RPM Inverters 100 1,650 kva 18 MWs flywheel June 14, 2012 Slide 19
Microgrid technology solutions PowerStore-Flywheel System Schematic June 14, 2012 Slide 20
Microgrid technology solutions PowerStore - Fast power injection or absorption Windspeed PowerStore kw m/s + = discharge 0kW - = charge June 14, 2012 Slide 21
Microgrid technology solutions PowerStore - smoothes PV output changes Solar Radiation 200 Generators Power PV Power 800 kw 600 100 Solar Radiation Watts/sq.m. 400 Pstore Power 200 0 0 1:43:20 Mon 20-Jun-11 7:16:40 Mon 20-Jun-11 12:50:00 Mon 20-Jun-11 18:23:20 Mon 20-Jun-11 June 14, 2012 Slide 22
Microgrid technology solutions Load Control & Automated Demand Response Multiple Sites: House, Industrial, Commercial Aggregation into distributed control system Advanced Hybrid Power Station Smart Grid Control Centre Site Platform 15 15 15 TEST TEST TEST Ethernet Connection <1s Database Server Operator Interface DRAS Server Mini Smart Meters Mini CT Meters Zigbee on site communication ES-Box AS/NZ4755 demand response standards Communication WAN Buy SmartDraw!- purchased copies print this document without a watermark. Visit www.smartdraw.com or call 1-800-768-3729. OPC Server Ethernet Connection Power Station Control System AB- PLC June 14, 2012 Slide 23
Microgrid technology solutions Energy storage - PowerStore-Battery system Features 440Vac 50/60Hz Virtual Generator Battery Longterm storage Low duty cycle Scalable and modular Fault ride through Frequency Real Power Reactive Power Real Power Grid forming Inverters 100 1,500 kva Various Battery Types June 14, 2012 Slide 24
Micorgrid technology solutions Summary Typical contribution levels Wind/Solar/Diesel Systems Annual Average Contribution Peak Penetration No Integration 7-10% 20% Automated Dispatch 10-15% 22% Grid Stabilising 40-60% 100% Automated Demand Response 60-80% 100% Energy Storage 100% 100% June 14, 2012 Slide 25
Experience and References History 1990 1998 2001 2007 2010 Napperby Northern Territory Denham Western Australia Mawson Antarctica Coral Bay Western Australia Marble Bar & Nullagine Western Australia Automation of Diesel Power Station (Battery System) Wind/Diesel Wind/Grid Stabilising Wind/Diesel/ Flywheel Solar/Diesel/ Flywheel 0% Penetration 15% Penetration 85% Penetration 95% Penetration 100% Penetration June 14, 2012 Slide 26 Penetration is peak penetration of renewable energy as percentage of total power generated
Project Experience Ross Island, Wind/Diesel System Antarctica
Project Experience Ross Island, Wind/Diesel System Antarctica 1. Two power systems coupled by frequency converter: 6 x 1500kW/60Hz diesel 3 x 225kW/50Hz diesel 3 x 330kW wind turbines 1 x 500kW flywheel 2. Option to include electric heating load 3. Integration of US/NZ power system network June 14, 2012 Slide 28
Project Experience Ross Island, Wind/Diesel System Antarctica Stage 2 plans are to increase the number of wind turbines, creating a high penetration system June 14, 2012 Slide 29
Project Experience Marble Bar, Solar/Diesel System Western Australia 1. Power system consisting of: 5 x 320kW Diesel 1 x 300kW PV 1 x 500kW Flywheel 2. PV/Diesel system without battery storage 3. Demonstrated 100% Solar Penetration
Project Experience Marble Bar, Solar/Diesel System Western Australia "The Project is supported by the Australian Government through the Renewable Remote Power Generation Program. The Program is implemented by the State's Office of Energy in Western Australia". June 14, 2012 Slide 31
Project Experience Solar/Diesel Good and bad days
System Offering Renewable Energy Integration Complete Value Chain Service Consulting Installation & Commissioning Design & Engineering Supply Simulation & Test June 14, 2012 Slide 33 Modelling Design Specification Training Equipment Supply Project Management Installation Strategy & Management Acceptance Testing Handover Service Support Operation Training Reporting
Summary Levelised Cost of Energy from renewable energy is lower than from diesel today Renewable Energy integration into Microgrids is a commercial not a technical question Systems are scalable and modular and can be used to upgrade existing sites or for be deployed for greenfield sites
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