Towards clean and energy efficient mobility: application-oriented research for and with industry Rik S.G. Baert Fontys University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands Automotive Congress 2015 ACE Symposium Helmond, March 31, 2015
Application-oriented research Need for this research is experienced in real-world working practice vraagstelling wordt ingegeven door de beroepspraktijk Results contribute to improving real-world practice Link with education is essential Typical results: new tools, new best practices
ACE, partner for the Automotive industry Lectoraat Future Powertrains Theme Efficient energy management Sub-theme Research into Typical results Electric vehicle technology Advanced thermal propulsion systems Integral (thermal) energy management in traffic Thermal auxiliary units (i.e. APU, gensets, HVAC) Integral (thermal) energy management Advanced engine technology for future fuels (incl.whr) Monitoring database, fit-for-purpose models, advice Benchmarking data, testing protocols, design modification, advice Monitoring database, fit-for-purpose models, advice Benchmarking data, testing protocols, design modification, advice
RAAK QinE: background Bringing innovation to vehicle thermal energy management Current working practice: Cooling of different vehicle systems treated separately Potential for cost and energy savings not realized Lack of knowledge Objective QinE: Realise working tools, tailored towards the capabilities and needs of Dutch industry, i.e. SME Provide working methods for making effective use of these tools (i.e. for calibrating and handling). Include new subsystems, i.e. waste heat recovery and new HVAC technology
RAAK QinE: ICE research Research type: system performance characterization ( benchmarking ) Research activity: thermal energy balance mapping of small (0.9 l) TCA diesel engine (typical of range extender) Partners: TNO, TASS, Benteler, NPS diesel, TU/e Research objective: from limited info on engine energy balance (e.g. in one operating point), make a best possible guess on thermal balance in other operating points Improved working practice: results implemented in tailormade AMESIM tool
RAAK QinE: interim results Students (learn with/from professionals at TASS to) perform engine tests as part of Semester 7 + perform analysis of test results
RAAK QinE: interim results Preliminary results:
RAAK QinE: interim results ICE system performance characteristation Similar activities are going on for medium and heavy-duty engines Results to be used a.o. for investigating waste heat revalorization (WHR)
Motivation for monitoring EV-fleets Barriers for EV introductionrs Charging locations Driving range Total cost of ownership Monitoring of these trials is intended to provide information from real-world experience that will guide future actions of authorities Dutch authorities want to give financial stimuli to early adopters of EV and to support investment in charging infrastructure. Since 2011: several electromobility fleet trials EV-parking privileges? Other fiscal stimuli? How many charging spots, what type and where R. Baert 31 03 2015
Fontys involvement project 1 Aug. 2011 March 2012 Staff = from local authorities in the province of Brabant Location: small cities and surrounding region Vehicle ID Owner Typical use # km type nr. Leaf L-1 Bernheze Staff travel 4672 Leaf L-2 Bernheze Staff travel 2571 Leaf L-3 Bernheze Staff travel 3101 Leaf L-4 Oss Staff travel 6724 Leaf L-5 Van Dijk Taxi 8690 Leaf L-6 Van Driel Taxi 2901 Connect-1 C-1 Oss Staff travel 4105 Connect-2 C-2 Oss Staff travel 5313 Monitoring of driving pattern: mix of low-frequency (Routeconnect commercial track-andtrace) and Racelogic VBox (high-frequency) GPS- and other data (from vehicle-can) Monitoring of charging patterns: (P el versus time) at in-house charging spots R. Baert 31 03 2015
Fontys involvement project 2 Vehicle type ID March 2012 Aug. 2013 Location: large city area, dense traffic Owner # days in use # km i-miev I-1 Rabobank 214 5692.2 i-miev I-2 Rabobank 167 4000.6 i-miev I-3 VCCR-ANWB 92 2326.3 i-miev I-4 Dunea 153 3835.9 Ion I-5 VCCR-Den Haag 134 3187.2 C-Zero I-6 VCCR-Den Haag 130 4776.4 C-Zero I-7 VCCR-Staedion 205 4820.5 Kangoo R-1 Focus Koeriers 287 11630.1 Leaf L-7 BAM 136 4757.3 Monitoring of driving pattern: mix of low-frequency (Routeconnect commercial track-andtrace) and Racelogic VBox (high-frequency) GPS and other data Monitoring of charging process (P el versus time); mix of private / public and semi-public charging (no fast charging) R. Baert 31 03 2015
Typical results Vehicle R-1 (Kangoo) Courier delivery service GPS classification Urban Extra Urban Motorway Trip duration / length : time / distance travelled between contact ON and OFF Urban Extra urban Motorway Time [%] 84.2 9.4 6.4 Distance [%] 52.9 18.5 25.2 R. Baert 31 03 2015
Outcome: EV charging 24 18 Day Night 6 100% Day Night 12 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 L-6 C-1 C-2 I-1 I-2 I-4 I-5 I-6 I-7 R-1 L-7 Timing of charging events: mostly daytime charging / occasional focus on night-time charging R. Baert 31 03 2015
Outcome: energy consumption 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Energy consumption [km/kwh from grid] Missing charges 0.00 L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 L-6 L-ref C-1 C-2 C-ref I-1 I-2 I-4 I-5 I-6 I-7 I-ref R-1 R-ref L-7 Caution: reference value is ratio of nominal values for vehicle range and battery capacity from the manufacturers; to be corrected for charging losses and battery management SOC limitations. R. Baert 31 03 2015
Questions?