SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-3091 Formula SAE Race Car Cockpit Design An Ergonomics Study for the Cockpit Eva Mariotti and Badih Jawad Lawrence Technological University 2000 Future Transportation Technology Conference Costa Mesa, California August 21-23, 2000 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760
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to the floor. As the seat thigh angle is inclined, the driver will need the pedal assembly higher and closer, and more clearance will be needed between the dash and the floor of the car to accommodate the added height of the drivers' knees. Since lowering the overall center of gravity of the car may increase lateral acceleration (depending on suspension geometry), the seat back angle was set to 50 degrees from the horizontal, a relatively reclined position. Test subjects confirmed that this seat angle was reasonable for driving. Cockpit dimension data was taken from the subjects in the ergonomics apparatus. Additionally, subjects were asked about preferences for type and location of controls and instrumentation. Cockpit dimensions were established based on the data. 9. Shifter location close to the steering wheel so that hand travel between the wheel and the shifter is a minimum distance for quick shifting and faster lap times. 10. Tachometer and warning lights for the oil and temperature gauges within the line of sight, and oil and water temperature gauges within eye range. The following were goals for the cockpit: 1. Reclined seat back angle so that the driver remains at a comfortable driving position. the overall center of gravity of the car is lowered for possible increased lateral acceleration. 2. Seat thigh angle to provide drivers with thigh support while operating the pedals. (Drivers can have better control and leverage on the pedals with bent knees than straight legs.) 3. Seat so that the body to leg angle of the drivers is at a 95 to 105 degree angle for driver comfort and thus better driver performance. 4. Steering location so that the drivers grip the steering wheel so that their upper arm and forearm are at approximately a 90 degree angle for the best mechanical advantage while steering. the drivers can turn the wheel without hitting their legs with the wheel or their hands. (See Figure 1. The steering wheel is not a full circle. The bottom portion of the wheel is flat, but this "added" clearance no longer exists as the wheel is turned.) the drivers can move their legs while operating the pedals without bumping the steering wheel in the process. 5. Dash height so that the steering wheel stays within the height of the dash according to the FSAE rules. See Figure 2. the drivers can see at least 20 feet ahead to the ground for reasonable visibility as specified by the drivers. 6. Clearance between the dash and the floor of the cockpit so that drivers do not hit their legs while exiting the vehicle. (The steering wheel is removable so that it is not an issue during egress.) 7. Proper width of the cockpit to accommodate the seat and the drivers' legs and shoulders. 8. Pedal assembly location so that drivers can reach the pedals. the height of the assembly feels comfortable to the drivers. Figure 1. Ergonomics Apparatus of the Cockpit Figure 2. Cockpit Rules (SAE Rules 5) SUBJECTS The subjects of the cockpit study were the LTU FSAE Car team members since they are the potential drivers for the FSAE Car Competition. This is in accordance with the SAE Rules (10). As the study progressed, driver selection was reduced to seven members, and these subjects became the focus for the cockpit to accommodate; however, the car must also accommodate the 95 th percentile male (Rules 5) and the 5 th percentile female because the car is designed for the "nonprofessional weekend autocross racer" (1). Appendix A contains 95 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female data. Similar data was taken from LTU FSAE team members in Figure A-3.
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eat Angle Thigh Steering H-Point H-Point to Height Floor to Width of Knee Wheel Angle to Wheel Dash of Dash Dash Legs Height Name Height A 50 35 18.50 11.50 13.75 23.5 16.0 12 14.75 B 50 35 18.50 11.25 13.50 24.0 16.0 12 15.50 C 50 30 16.50 10.50 12.75 23.0 16.0 12 15.25 D 50 35 17.50 10.50 12.75 23.0 17.0 12 14.50 E 50 30 18.50 10.00 12.25 24.0 16.0 12 15.75 F 50 30 18.50 11.25 13.50 24.0 15.5 12 15.50 G 50 30 17.00 10.00 12.25 23.0 15.5 12 14.50 H 50 30 17.50 10.75 13.00 23.0 16.0 12 14.50 I 50 30 17.50 10.50 12.75 23.0 15.5 12 14.75 J 50 30 17.00 10.25 12.50 23.0 15.5 12 12.75 K 50 30 18.00 11.00 13.25 22.0 16.5 12 15.00 L 50 30 17.50 10.50 12.75 23.0 15.0 12 13.00 M 50 30 17.00 11.00 13.25 21.0 16.0 12 12.75 N 50 30 18.00 10.00 12.25 23.0 18.0 12 17.50 O 50 30 18.50 9.25 11.50 24.0 16.0 12 14.50 P 50 30 16.50 9.50 11.75 22.0 16.0 12 14.25 @.+4*)(Q;((L,/:2.3(K.-)'0.,'(K131(?*,-(&479)/30 H).+<3( 1'6( 5).+<3( -)104*)-)'30( 5)*)( 31:)'(?*,-( 3<) 0479)/30;(((&))(@.+4*)(!BQ(.'(!22)'6.E(!;((!66.3.,'188>= 610<(.'03*4-)'313.,'( 2*)?)*)'/)0( 5)*)( 0,8./.3)6(?*,- 0479)/30;((&))(@.+4*)(!BT;(($<)>(5)*)(.'?,*-188>(10:)6 5<)*)(3<)>(2*)?)**)6(3,(0))(3<)(31/<,-)3)*=(3<)(,.8(1'6 513)*(3)-2)*134*)(+14+)0=(1'6(3<)(51*'.'+(8.+<30(?,*(3<),.8( 1'6( 513)*( 3)-2)*134*)( +14+)0;( ( $<)( 31/<,-)3)* /,486(7)(8,/13)6(.'(3<)(610<(,*(-,4'3)6(,'(3<)(,430.6),?(3<)(?*1-);(($<)(,.8(1'6(3)-2)*134*)(+14+)0(/,486(7) 281/)6(.'(3<)(610<(,*(,'(3<)(.'0.6)(,?(3<)(0.6)(21')8(,? 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!"#$%"&'(()%%(*#+,"%(-.(/0"(.(&,11."2(0/(34%(.!$.53.+%&.5!( 3".!%0//&( /0"( 64.5+#5+( 34%(!#&3.56%( 7%38%%5( 34%!.&4(.5!(34%(!"#$%"&9(:;<0#53'((=4%(.!$.53.+%&(0/(4.$#5+.(!.&4( 6>0&%"( 30( 34%(!"#$%"(."%( 4.$#5+( 10"%( 6>%.".56% 7%38%%5( 34%( &3%%"#5+( 84%%>(.5!( 34%(!"#$%"&9( >%+&(.5! 7%33%"( $##>#32( /0"( 34%(!"#$%"'( ( =4%( &%.3( 34#+4(.5+>% 6.,&%&( 34%(!"#$%"&9( >%+( 4%#+43( 30( #56"%.&%(.>05+( 34%!#&3.56%( /"01( 34%(!"#$%"9&( :;<0#53( 30( 34%(!"#$%"&9(?5%%&@ 34%"%/0"%A(4.$#5+(.(!.&4(6>0&%"(30(34%(!"#$%"(8#>>(#56"%.&% 34%( 6>%.".56%( 7%38%%5( 34%( &3%%"#5+( 84%%>(.5!( 34%!"#$%"&9(>%+&'((B(!.&4(6>0&%"(30(34%(!"#$%"&(8#>>(.>&0(.>>08 34%(!"#$%"&(30(4.$%(7%33%"($##>#32(.&(>05+(.&(34%(4%#+43 0/( 34%(!.&4( #&( 4%>!( 605&3.53'( ( =4%(!#&.!$.53.+%&( 0/!%6"%.+(34%(!#&3.56%(7%38%%5(34%(!.&4(.5!(34%(!"#$%"."%( "%!,6%!( %.&%( 0/( %+"%&&( /"01( 34%( 6."(.5!(.5 #56"%.&%!( "0>>( 400<( 4%#+43( 30(.660110!.3%( 4%.! 6>%.".56%( "%C,#"%!( 72( 34%( ",>%&'( ( *#+,"%( D( #>>,&3".3%& 4%.!( 6>%.".56%'( ( :%.!( 6>%.".56%( #&(!%/#5%!( 72( 34% 6>%.".56%( 7%38%%5( 34%(!"#$%"9&( 4%.!(.5!(.5( #1.+#5."2 >#5%(!".85( 7%38%%5( 34%( 30<( 0/( 34%(!.&4(.5!( 34%( 30<( 0/ 34%( "0>>( 400<'( ( E5( 0"!%"( 30( 1%%3( 34#&( "%C,#"%1%53A( #/( 34%!#&3.56%(7%38%%5(34%(!.&4(.5!(34%(!"#$%"(#&(!%6"%.&%!A 34%( "0>>( 400<( 4%#+43( 1,&3( #56"%.&%'( ( B5( #56"%.&%!( "0>> 400<( 4%#+43( 605&%C,%53>2( #56"%.&%&( 34%( 8%#+43( 0/( 34% /".1%(.5!(34%(0$%".>>(6%53%"(0/(+".$#32(0/(34%(6."A(84#64."%( 7034( 3".!%0//&'( ( F2( 8%#+4#5+( 34%(.!$.53.+%&(.5! 3".!%0//&( >#&3%!( #5( *#+,"%( -.A( 34%( GD'HI(!#1%5( /"01 34%(!.&4(30(34%(!"#$%"&9(:;<0#53(8.&(1.#53.#5%!' B/3%"( 34%(!#&3.56%( /"01( 34%(!.&4( 30( 34%(!"#$%"&9( :;<0#53 8.&(!%6#!%!A(34%(4%#+43&(0/(34%(&3%%"#5+(84%%>(.5!(34%!.&4(8%"%(!%3%"1#5%!'((=4%2(8%"%("%&0>$%!(.3(34%(&.1% 3#1%( 7%6.,&%( 05%(!#1%5(!#"%63>2(!%3%"1#5%&( 34% 034%"'((=4%(&3%%"#5+(84%%>(1,&3( 7%( 8#34#5(34%(4%#+43(0/ 34%(!.&4(.660"!#5+( 30( 34%( *)BJ( ",>%&( K)%%( *#+,"%( DLA.5!(34%(&3%%"#5+(84%%>(5%%!&(30(7%(4#+4(%50,+4(30(503 #53%"/%"%( 8#34( 34%(!"#$%"&9( >%+&( 84#>%( &3%%"#5+'( ( B3( 34% &.1%(3#1%A(34%(!.&4(1,&3(7%(50(>08%"(34.5(34%(4%#+43(0/ 34%(&3%%"#5+(84%%>A(7,3(34%(!.&4(4%#+43(6.5503(4#5!%"(34%!"#$%"&9( $#'( ( )%%( *#+,"%( -7( /0"(.( &,11."2( 0/( 34%.!$.53.+%&(.5!(3".!%0//&(/0"(>08%"#5+(34%(!.&4(4%#+43' *#+,"%( -'((=4%( B!$.53.+%&(.5!(=".!%0//&(/0"( M4.5+#5+ 34%(N.&4(O06.3#05 Considerations for a Dash Closer to the Driver Advantages: More clearance between the steering wheel and the drivers legs Better visibility for the driver Tradeoffs: Reduced ease of egress Increased roll hoop height to accommodate head clearance Increased weight and overall CG height K-.L Considerations for Lowering the Dash Advantages: Better visibility for the driver Tradeoffs: Less clearance between the steering wheel and the drivers legs Increased roll hoop height to accommodate head clearance Increased weight and overall CG height Reduced ease of egress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