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FUNCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES OF PV INVERTERS TO BE PART OF A SMART GRID Martin Heidl Fronius International GmbH Solar Electronics Froniusplatz 1 4600 Wels Austira
CONTENT / Smart Grid. / Advanced Grid Features. / Communication. / Future-proof. / Conclusion. 3 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
SMART GRID? 4 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
SMART GRID / Smart Grids are intelligent energy grids that connect every party of the energy system with communication. / Parties: / Producers / Consumer / Storage / Grid / Trade / 5 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
MOTIVATION 6 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
WHY SMART GRIDS? / Integration of Renewables: Smart Grids enable the integration of a massively increasing amount of decentralized electricity producers into the distribution grid. / Dynamic Control: Smart Grids are better controllable. They allow mechanism to stabilize the grid and increase security of supply. / Grid Synergies: Smart Grids enable more efficient use of energy through optimizing the local grid management and local energy balance at the customer. / Cost Optimization: At long-term Smart Grids minimize the costs of the transition of the energy system and keep the electricity grid costs low. 7 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES 8 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (AGF) / A set of functions that support a stable grid operation / so these functions prevent form grid problems / and unwanted outages with profit cuts. / Some of these functions are already mandatory in some grids / others can be activated at any time (e.g. if grid problems occur). / Reactive power, several control modes e.g.: Q(U) / P(U) voltage-dependent power-control compensation of voltage-imbalance / Fault Ride Through (FRT) / Dynamic Grid Support / P(f) frequency-dependent power-reduction / Startup Gradient / Adjustable power-limit / All AGF s are configurable / AGF s can be remote controlled 9 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (EXAMPLE) medium voltage low voltage transformer load connected load connected load connected load connected +10 % +5 % VN -5 % -10 % 10 10 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (EXAMPLE) medium voltage low voltage transformer generator conntected generator conntected generator conntected generator conntected +10 % +5 % VN -5 % -10 % 11 11 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (EXAMPLE) / Voltage-dependent reactive power (VAr) control Q(U) / Reactive power only when necessary. / Configurable and remotely controllable. 12 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (EXAMPLE) / Voltage-dependent power control P(U) / Optimal power distribution on the phases. / Prevents form disconnection. 13 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
ADVANCED GRID FEATURES (EXAMPLE) / Voltage-dependent reactive power and active power control P(U) & Q(U) / Optimal utilization of all possibilities. / Prevents form tripping and maximizes earnings. 14 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
APPROVED IN SMART GRID PROJECTS. 6000 / Simulations Active Power (W) 4000 2000 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Day / Load profiles with high-resolution (1 sec) Reactive Power (VAr) 800 600 400 200 0-200 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Day 1200 20050621 1200 20040913 1200 20050709 1 s values 1 s values 1 s values 10 min average 10 min average 10 min average 1000 1000 1000 / PV profiles with high-resolution (1 sec) Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 800 600 400 200 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 800 600 400 200 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 800 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h) 1200 20050116 1200 20050121 1200 20050212 1 s values 1 s values 1 s values 10 min average 10 min average 10 min average 1000 1000 1000 800 800 800 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 600 400 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 600 400 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) 600 400 200 15 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013 200 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (h)
APPROVED IN SMART GRID PROJECTS. / Simulations / High asymmetries / Three-phase four wire modeling / Lab tests / Validating and optimizing dynamic behavior. Voltage per Phase (p.u.) 1.1 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 Voltage drop diagram for the time of maximal voltage range - @ Sat 12:36:31 0.95 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Distance (m) Photovoltaic Phase 1 Photovoltaic Phase 2 Photovoltaic Phase 3 16 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
APPROVED IN SMART GRID PROJECTS. / Field Tests Voltage No control / With distribution system operators Voltage VAr control Voltage Var / Watt control 17 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
COMMUNICATION 18 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
COMMUNICATION / Smart Grids need communication. / Information from the inverter (power, voltage, ) helps to evaluate the actual grid situation. / and allows to optimize the energy balance (e.g. at a prosumer or in a local area). / Communication to the inverter enables the activation and optimization of the advanced grid features (AGF). / This allows to minimize losses and prevents from outages. / The ways of communication in Smart Grids can be totally different. This is why flexibility means guaranteed future. / One option for bidirectional communication is Modbus with the Sunspec Inverter Control Model. (e.g. via integrated WLAN) 19 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
APPROVAL IN SMART GRID PROJECTS. / Intelligent control of active and reactive power at the Fronius inverters / Intelligent planning based on intelligent monitoring (smart metering) / Intelligent voltage control at the secondary substation transformer (MV/LV) / Intelligent load control (electric vehicles) 20 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
COMMUNICATION / Advanced Grid Features (intelligent local control) + / Bidirectional communication / All operation modes can be remotely configured / Goal: / Finding an operation optimum for the whole system. / Prevention of losses for grid and producers. 21 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
APPROVAL IN SMART GRID PROJECTS. 3 field tests, > 130 PV plants > 750 kva installed PV plants at every 2nd home Field test region (example) in a section of a rural low voltage grid Electric vehicles at every 2nd home 22 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
FUTURE-PROOF 23 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
FUTURE-PROOF / A PV-system delivers solar energy for 20 years and more. / We expect that there will be several changes in grid integration rules in this period. / Experience shows that it can be required to retrofit some features. / This is why Fronius inverters have a lot of Advanced Grid Features (AGF) implemented already now. These can be activated when it gets necessary. / Furthermore Fronius inverters can be easily updated or upgraded with plug-in boards if new rules require this. / With this all future requirements can be fulfilled. 24 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
CONCLUSION ADVANCED GRID FEATURES / Grid supporting functions preventing unwanted tripping of the inverter and maximizing earnings. COMMUNICATION / Remote control of all smart functions enables active grid operation. FUTURE-PROOF / Fronius inverters can be easily upgraded when new rules require this. SMART GRID READY
FRONIUS SMART PRODUCTS Symo Galvo IG Plus CL Agilo 26 Fronius International GmbH / Martin Heidl / Inverters for a Smart Grid / 13.11.2013
Alle Angaben sind trotz sorgfältiger Bearbeitung ohne Gewähr - Haftung ausgeschlossen. Urheberrecht und Copyright: Sämtliche Rechte vorbehalten. Der nicht anders gekennzeichnete Inhalt dieser Präsentation bzw. Dokumente(s) (Texte, Bilder, Grafiken, Animationen usw.) unterliegt dem Urheberrecht und den Gesetzen zum Schutze geistigen Eigentums. Der Inhalt darf weder insgesamt noch in Teilen ohne vorherige ausdrückliche Genehmigung von Fronius für private oder für kommerzielle Zwecke verwendet, kopiert oder verändert werden.