Vom Smart Grid zum e-highway 2050 Prof. Dr. Dietmar Retzmann dietmar.retzmann@siemens.com Copyright Siemens AG 2013 1 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Overview A. Introduction: Focus on Green Energy B. Security and Sustainability of Power Supply C. Global Trends on Power Markets D. Transmission Solutions HVDC & FACTS E. Conclusions e-highway 2050 2 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
A. F ocus on CO 2 Reduction Green Energy Megacities Security of Supply 3 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
: From Energy Chain to Power Matrix the Smart Grid with Energy Mix plus HVDC and FACTS 4 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
T B. ask 1 S ecurity & 2 and Sustainability of Power Supply 5 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA Security of Supply for San Francisco Area Transmission Constraints before TBC 2010 = ~ = Transmission Constraints after TBC Power Exchange by Sea Cable No Increase in Short-Circuit Power = ~ = Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks 6 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA Energy Project of the Year American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011 Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks Hawkeye Photography P = 400 MW Q = +/- 170-300 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Support 7 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Installed Wind Power: Europe, from 2011 to 2012 2030: Up to 350 GW of Wind Power! 2012-12 ENTSO-E: 960 GW Installed Capacity 2012 +13 GW Source: EWEA (European Wind Energy Association), Wind in power 2012 European statistics, February 2013 8 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re Power Transmission Power Solutions Transmission Solutions
Status of Photovoltaics (PV) in Germany * New Installations Installed PV Capacity 2010 17 GW +10 GW 2012 32 GW Load in Germany: minimum 1 40 GW peak 2 80 GW * Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar), 2010/2011/2013 1/2 ENTSO-E monthly Statistics, 04/02-2009 9 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
C. G lobal Trends on Power Markets 10 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Development of AC Transmission 1,600 kv 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 Reasonable Line Lengths: 1,000 kv: over 2,000 km 800 kv: up to 1,500 km 500 kv: up to 1,000 km ** 5 6 However, some Countries will finally go 1 MV * 600 400 200 1 2 3 4 800 kv as realistic Standard The Initial Statement 0 1900 04-2013 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 1 110 kv Lauchhammer Riesa / Germany (1911) 2 220 kv Brauweiler Hoheneck / Germany (1929) 3 287 kv Boulder Dam Los Angeles / USA (1932) 4 380 kv Harspranget Halsberg / Sweden (1952) 5 735 kv Montreal Manicouagan / Canada (1965) 6 1,200 kv Ekibastuz Kokchetav / USSR (1985) Source: Siemens E D SE PTI - 2008 11 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re E T TS 2/Re 2010 * China (1,000 kv Pilot Project launched) and India (1,200 kv in actual Planning) are currently implementing a Bulk Power UHV AC Backbone. ** Brazil: North-South Interconnector
Development of DC Transmission: Worldwide installed Capacity Sources: Cigre WG B4-04 2003 - IEEE T&D Committee 2006 GW 80 70 60 Worldwide installed HVDC Capacity : 80 GW in 2005 This is 1.8 % of the Worldwide installed Generation Capacity 50 40 30 20 10 How it started 1951, Kashira- Moscow, 30 MW Additionally, over 270 GW are expected from China alone between 2010 to 2020 0 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 12 04-2013 02-2013 E T TS 2/Re 2020
China: over 40 HVDCs with more than 270 GW * Transmission Capacity are expected between 2010 and 2020 1. Yunnan Guangdong 800 kv, 5000 MW, 2009/10 2. Xiangjiaba Shanghai 800 kv, 6400 MW, 2010 3. Debao 500 kv, 3000 MW, 2010 4. Ningdong Shangdong 660 kv, 4000 MW, 2010 5. Qinghai Tibet 400 kv, 600 MW, 2011 6. Mongolia Tianjin 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2018 7. Russia Liaoning 660 kv, 4000 MW, 2014 8. Nuozhadu Guangdong 800 kv, 5000 MW, 2013 9. Jingping Sunan 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2012 10. Xiluodu Guangdong 500 kv, 2 x 3200 MW, 2013 11. Humeng Tangshan 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2015 12. Ningdong Zhejiang 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2016 13. Xiluodu Zhejiang 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2014 14. Sichuan Jiangxi 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2017 15. Xiluodu Jiangxi 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2018 16. Humeng Shandong 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2016 17. Hami Henan 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2013 18. Mengxi Jiangxi 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2016 19. Mongolia Shandong 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2016 20. Mengxi Jiangsu 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2017 21. Jiuquan Hunan 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2017 22. Zhundong Congqing 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2016 23. Baoqing Liaoning 660 kv, 4000 MW, 2017 24. Hami Shandong 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2017 25. Tibet Chongqing 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2017 26. Jinghong Thailand 500 kv, 3000 MW, 2018 27. Ximeng Nanjing 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2018 28. Baihetan Hubei 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2018 29. Wudongde Fujian 1100 kv, 11000 MW, 2018 30. Northwest North B2B, 1500 MW, 2018 31. Mongolia Jing-Jin-Tang 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2019 32. Russia Liaoning 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2019 * as of 2012 2 x B2B 1 x 400 kv 5 x 500 kv 3 x 660 kv 25 x 800 kv 5 x 1100 kv 33. Zhundong Chengdu 1100 kv, 11000 MW, 2015 34. Tibet Zhejiang 1100 kv, 9000 MW, 2019 35. Baihetan Hunan 800 kv, 7200 MW, 2020 36. Yili Sichuan 1100 kv, 9000 MW, 2020 37. Kazakhstan Chengdu 1100 kv, 9000 MW, 2020 38. Northeast North BtB II, 1500 MW, 2013 39. Hong Kong HVDC 500 kv, 3600 MW, 2018 40. Jinzhong Guangxi 500 kv, 3200 MW, 2017 41. Yunnan Guangdong IV 800 kv, 8000 MW, 2017 Bangkok 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re 13 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re 13 Hainan Jilin 19 16 Xinjiang 24 Inrfar Mongolia Beijing 38 Liaoning Gansu 27 Tianjin 36 18 Hebei 22 37 30 4 17 33 3 Shanxi Ningxia Shandong 21 Henan Qinghai 20 Jiangsu 5 12 Shaanxi Anhuj Shanghai Sichuan & 2 9 Xizang Chongqing Hubai 28 3 Zheijang 25 14 Jiangxi 34 13 Guizhou 15 29 35 Fujian 40 1 10 39 Yunnan Guangdong Taiwan 8 41 26 31 6 11 Heilongjiang 7 32 23
Reasons for DC Overlay Grid in Germany Installed Generation Capacity *: June 2012: 168 GW; Jan. 2013 174 GW * Source: Federal Network Agency, Germany Remark: for Decades, it was 120 GW nearly const. Infeed of up to 75 GW of Wind Power in Northern Part of Germany s AC Grid (NDP 2022) this requires controlled Transmission with DC Nuclear: shut-down Source: 9. Information Session, 5 Oct. 2011, Regensburg, Germany New Hydro Power Plants Regenerative Power 14 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Germany TSO Grid Development Plan New DC Links: up to 3,800 Kilometers* (Overview) BNA Conclusions 25.11.2012 One HVDC cancelled! New Links: DC AC Under Construction or on Approval (AC) * Scenario for B 2022 1 of 4 Scenarios Source: WDR, dpa 31.05.2012 15 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re E T TS 2/Re
ENTSO-E s Ten-Year Network Development Plan Three main Drivers: Offshore Wind Interconnections to Eastern Europe Solar Plan Desertec Long-term Prospects for European DC Super Grid(s) 16 04-2013 E T TS E 2/Re T TS 2/Re
D. T ransmission Solutions with HVDC and FACTS 17 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Medium Voltage DC: SIPLINK for Load Flow and Congestion Management in the City of Ulm Germany Elchingen Transmission Grid 1 Ulm (Baden-Württemberg) Neu-Ulm (Bayern) Transmission Grid 2 Erbach Senden Staig Vöhringen AC Interconnection not feasible a Phase- Shifting Transformer would be too slow We were in a Position to invest in a new Technology despite the tough Economic Climate. The Siemens System allows us to utilize existing Energy and Capacity Reserves at Times of Peak Demand without having to buy in costly Balancing Power Jürgen Schäffner, Chief Technical Officer of SWU Energie GmbH 18 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector, Station Morvede 2012 400 MW Example of HVDC Classic with innovative indoor Solution 19 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
DC Submarine Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA World s 1 st HVDC with 500 kv DC Cable 20 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Neptune HVDC New York, Station Sayreville 660 MW 2007 Example of HVDC Classic with Cable 21 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Europe: New DC Submarine Cable Link in UK SVC PLUS C: 2 x 125 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Stabilization Reactive Power Control HVDC and STATCOM in parallel Operation Western HVDC Link, UK World s 1 st HVDC with 600 kv DC Cable Customer: National Grid / Scottish Power System Data: Rating 2,200 MW Voltage ± 600 kv DC Thyristor 8 kv LTT 2015 6 hrs Overload 2,400 MW (Cable) Deeside Power Exchange No Increase in Short-Circuit Power Increase in Stability Bypassing overloaded Onshore Overhead Lines 22 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Basslink HVDC from Bottlenecks to a Smart and flexible Grid Energy Mix in Australia: Hydro Plants Wind Farms Thermal Plants Example of HVDC Classic 500 MW 2006 and HVDC Clean & Low Cost Energy over long Distance suitable for Peak Load Demand Improvement in Power Quality 23 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
DC Lines Basslink 400 kv monopolar From Small to Large OH Line HV Line Neutral Line 24 04-2013 10-2011 E T E TS T TS 2/Re 2/Re
Basslink the Transition Station DC Line to Cable 25 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Implementation of a Bulk Power GIL-Installation: 400 kv AC Project at Kelsterbach, Germany Site View: Status June 2009 Site View: Status October 2009 Laying Process: Pushing the GIL Element by Element and Phase by Phase 2010 GIL vs. Cable 2 Systems 4 Systems Same Costs Customer: Amprion Location: Airport Frankfurt Award of Contract: July 2008 Installation: first directly buried GIL Transmission Capacity: 2 x 1,800 MVA Length of GIL: appr. 1 km Gas for Insulation: 80% N2, 20% SF6 Good News: now also feasible for DC 26 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Benefits of HVDC in Eastern and Western-Europe Black Sea B2B 2013 Customer: Energotrans Ltd. System Data: Rating 2 x 350 MW Voltage 96 kv DC Thyristor 8 kv LTT INELFE Customer: RTE and REE World s 1 st VSC HVDC with 2 x 1,000 MW each @ V DC = +/- 320 kv Cable: XLPE, 65 km 2014 Power Exchange & Increase in Stability Sharing of Reserve Capacity No Increase in Short-Circuit Power 27 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC PLUS INELFE: 2 x 1000 MW Baixas, France DC Converter and DC Cable Tunnel 28 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC PLUS and WIPOS : SylWin1, Germany World s first Offshore MMC with 864 MW, BorWin2 and HelWin1&2 WIPOS Siemens Wind Power Offshore Substation Siemens offers a Family of WIPOS Designs with the Flexibility to meet a Variety of Offshore Weather, Tide, and Seabed Conditions with three main Configurations: WIPOS self-lifting Solution WIPOS Topside Solution (Topside/Jacket) WIPOS floating Solution 2014 2015 +/- 300 kv 800 MW BorWin2 = ~ = +/- 320 kv 864 MW SylWin1 = ~ = +/- 250 kv 576 MW HelWin1 = ~ = = ~ = +/- 320 kv 690 MW HelWin2 = ~ = = ~ = = ~ = The Modular Multilevel Converter Technology (MMC) reduces Complexity and therefore the Space 29 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re required for Installation 04-2013 29 = ~ =
HVDC PLUS From Trans Bay Cable to Offshore with MMC PLUS DC Solution: Example of BorWin2, Germany Customer Project Name Location Power Rating Type of Plant Voltage Levels Semiconductors TenneT BorWin2 Diele, Germany 800 MW 200 km HVDC PLUS On-/Offshore Cable ± 300 kv DC AC 400 kv/155 kv, 50 Hz IGBT 30 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Impressions of Grid Access for Offshore Wind with DC Solution HelWin1 & HelWin 2 31 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC and SVC PLUS for Inter-Island Connector Pole 3, Transpower New Zealand Ltd. HVDC and STATCOM in parallel Operation 2014 Customer Transpower New Zealand Ltd. Project Name Inter-Island Connector Pole 3 Location Power Rating Type of Plant Voltage Levels SVC PLUS at Haywards; HVDC at Stations Benmore and Haywards 700 MW HVDC Classic Bipolar Cable (40 km) and Overhead Line, in total 649 km ± 350 kv DC 220 kv AC, 2x 50 Hz 32 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re E T TS 2/Re PTS Semiconductors LTT Power 8 kv Transmission Solutions
Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery with VSC using MMC PLUS Full-Bridge proven Technology Since 2009 74 Full-Bridge Converters in commercial Application / under Project Execution Status: 02-2013 26 x Sitras SFC plus Same Power Modules 48 x SVC PLUS 33 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery with VSC Lessons learned from HVDC Classic The MMC PLUS Full-Bridge Solution: Fully proven in Practice SVC PLUS, Transmission & Industry SFC PLUS Traction Supplies DC Current of 2 ka is feasible! 1 2... n 1 2... n 1 2... n AC or DC Full Bridge Power Module 3~ AC IGBT 11 PM Electronics IGBT 21 50/60 Hz Transformer 1 1 1 Outgoing Reactor D 11 D 21 2 2 2......... IGBT 12 IGBT 22 Power Module n n n D 12 D 22 Branch Reactors 34 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
HVDC Classic 500 kv DC On-Site: DC-Line Fault 35 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
E. Conclusions e-highway 2050 Prospects of HVDC and FACTS 36 04-2013 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Solutions for Smart & Bulk Power Transmission Solutions with Overhead Lines High-Voltage DC Transmission: HVDC Classic with 500 kv (HV) / 660 kv (EHV) 3.2 to 4.2 GW HVDC Bulk with 800 kv (UHV) 5 GW to 8 GW For Comparison: HVDC PLUS (VSC) 1,000 MW AC Transmission: 400 kv (HV) / 500 kv AC (EHV) 1.5 / 2 GVA 800 kv AC (EHV) 3 GVA 1,000 kv AC (UHV) 6 to 8 GVA Note: Power AC @ 1 System 3, Power DC @ Bipole +/- Option UHV DC 1,100 kv: 11 GW The Winner is HVDC! Solutions with DC Cables * * Distances over 80 km: AC Cables too complex 500 / 600 kv DC per Cable, Mass Impregnated: 1 GW to 2 GW (actual - prospective) Solutions with GIL Gas Insulated Lines ** Reference: Bowmanville, Canada, 1985 - Siemens *** Reference: Huanghe Laxiwa Hydropower Station, China, 2009 - CGIT (USA) 400 kv AC (HV) 1.8 GVA / 2.3 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 500 kv AC (EHV) 2.3 GVA / 2.9 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 550 kv AC (EHV) Substation: Standard 3.8 GVA / Special 7.6 GVA ** 800 kv AC (EHV) Tunnel: 5.6 GVA *** 37 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Summary: Features and Benefits of HVDC HVDC High-Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow Three HVDC Options available: PLUS (VSC), Classic and Bulk With DC, Overhead Line Losses are typically 30-50 % less than with AC For Cable Transmission (over 80 km), HVDC is the only Solution HVDC can be integrated into the AC Systems HVDC supports AC in Terms of Stability System Interconnection with HVDC and Integration of HVDC: DC is a Firewall against Cascading Disturbances Bidirectional Control of Power Flow quite easy Frequency, Voltage and POD Control available Staging of the Links with DC quite easy No Increase in Short-Circuit Power DC is a Stability Booster 38 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
East-West Energy Bridge Studies for HVDC Multiterminal NORDEL UPS Moskau Smolensk Vilnius Hannover UCPTE Borken Berlin CENTREL Warschau HVDC: Length 1800 km Capacity max. 4 GW Voltage +/- 500 kv 39 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re
The Vision: DC Energy Highway why not in Europe too? Connecting: Wind Power Hydro Plants Solar Fields FOSG* * Friends of the Supergrid Medgrid Desertec 40 40 04-2013 E T E TS T TS 2/Re 2/Re
Thank you for your attention! dietmar.retzmann@siemens.com Copyright Siemens AG 2011. 41 04-2013 E T TS 2/Re