E-Mobilität in China Vorreiter oder Nachzügler? Daniel Bongardt, GIZ 25. Januar 2011, Luzern This geographical map is for informational purposes only and does not constitute recognition of international boundaries or regions; GIZ makes no claims concerning the validity, accuracy or completeness of the maps nor assumes any liability resulting from the use of the information therein. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Km 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 1 GIZ2010
Content Electric Mobility in China The joint Chinese- German Project Picture: Münch 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 2
China is now the biggest car market in the world Vehicle Sales in China and the U.S. over the last 30 years 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 3
Challenges of the automotive industry and potentials for electric vehicles 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 4
China among the leaders concerning EV-industries and markets Index EFI 5 EV-Demand "Heat Map 4 3 Denmark USA France Germany, China Japan Italy, Korea UK, Denmark Portugal Spain, Ireland 2 1 0 Japan Portugal USA UK China France Spain Ireland Germany Italy Korea EV-Supply Quelle: Mc Kinsey 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 5
Governmental Cooperation for the Promotion of New Energy Vehicles in China 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 6
Strategy for Chinese New Energy Vehicle Commercialization 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 7
20 Pilot Cities for public EVs in China Governmental Support for public EVs Target-Vehicles HEV, BEV, FCV with 5% reduction in fuel consumption for PV and SUV and more than 10% for buses City-buses, Taxis, Car fleets and pools, public transport Financial Support HEV BEV: 60.000 RMB for PV and 500.000 for buses FCV 250.000 RMB for PV and 600.000 for buses Beneficial OEM i.e. Beiqi Foton Pilotcities for public EV City (planned until 2012) 1. Wave: 13 Pilots, anounced in January 2009 2. Wave: 7 Pilots, anounced in May 2010 Chongqing (1.550) Kunming (1.000) Changchun (1.000) Tangshan (K.A.) Dalian (2.432) Beijing (5.000) Tianjin (K.A.) Zhengzhou (K.A.) Wuhan (2.500) Hefei (1.400) Changsha (4.000) Jinan (1.610) Suzhou (K.A.) Shanghai (4.157) Hangzhou (3.000) Nanchang (980) Shenzhen (12.000) Xiamen (K.A.) Guangzhou (K.A.) Haikou (K.A.) Source: McKinsey 2010 8 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 8
Subsidies for private EV-buyers Governmental Support for private EV Target-Vehicles PHEV, Battery more than 10 kwh, electrical drive about 50 km; BEV, Battery more than 15 kwh; No Pb-Batteries Financial Support 3.000 RMB/kWh; Financial Support for PHEV max. RMB 50.000 per EV; Financial Support for BEV max. RMB 60.000 per EV; Potentially beneficial OEM SAIC (in Shanghai) FAW (in Changchun) BYD (in Shenzhen) Geely (in Hangzhou) Chery (Provinz Anhui 1 ) Pilot Cities for privat EV und Headquarter of beneficial OEM Changchun Hefei Shanghai Hangzhou Shenzhen Source: McKinsey 2010 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 9 9
Chinese Transport Energy Strategy 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 10
The Overall Objective of the Project The decision-makers in the relevant ministries in China, related institutes and think tanks have access to the conceptual and technical background and related strategies to introduce Electro-Mobility in China in an climate-friendly and environmental sound way. Duration: 2010-2013 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 11
Partner Setting Political Partner: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People s Republic of China Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany Implementing Agencies: China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Implementing Partner: More national and international Implementing Partner mainly from the research side will be taken on board for specific tasks in the Work Streams Industrial Partner: Volkswagen Group China Other Chinese and German industrial Partner are most welcome to join the project Sounding Board: A multi-stakeholder Sounding Board will be installed in agreement with the Political Partner of the project 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 12
Pillars of the Project: The 4 Work Streams (WS) Electro-Mobility and Climate Protection WS1: Joint Scenario Process WS2: Environmental Standards WS3: Battery- Recycling WS4: Integration in sustainable urban transport 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 13
Work Stream 1: Joint Scenario Process Guiding Questions Tasks What are the climate and environmental impacts of Electro-Mobility in China in the future? How can the contribution of Electro-Mobility in China to climate and environmental protection be optimised? What are the measures which have to be taken? 1. Set Up an appropiate Material Flow Model 2. Design a Baseline Study to describe the trend scenarion 3. Design alternative Expected Outcome Recommendations on how Electro-Mobility in China can be introduced to contribute most to climate and environmental protection Next Steps Joint workshop with potential implementing partner to design the overall scenario process most propable by the end of 2010. Set up the process in spring 2011 (final results should be available by the end of 2011). 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 14
Another big challenge of the future : The environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles Coal is the main energy source for power generation in China therefore the power sector is the main contributor of CO 2, SO 2 and NO X emissions 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 15
Another big challenge of the future : The environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles Coal Mining Coal Transportation Fuel cycle of EVs Coal Combustion Electricity Transmission EV Recharging And Operation Primary stages of fuel-cycle emissions Crude Recovery Crude Transportation Oil Refinery Gasoline Transportation Refilling Vehicle Operation Fuel cycle of ICEVs and HEVs Emissions from fuel combustion will be shifted but unfortunately not avoided 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 16
CO 2 emissions of EVs compared with cars running on fossil fuels Source: He Kebin, 2010. With the current generation mix EVs do not promise emission reductions 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 17
Factors determining the climate protection benefits of EVs Source: OPTUM, 2010. New Challenge: Integrated consideration of transport and energy sectors! 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 18
Work Stream 2: Environmental Standards Guiding Questions Tasks Expected Outcome How should EVs be integrated in environmental standards and regulations that they help to contribute most to climate and environmental protection? 1. Identify relevant environmental standards and regulations for revision 2. Assess the environmental impacts of the integration of EV in the standards and regulations 3. Develop recommendations for the integration of EVs in an sound way Recommendations on how to integrate Electro-Mobility in environmental standards and regulations in the transport sector in an climate and environmental sound way. Next Steps International Workshop on how EVs (PHEV, BEV) should be considered in fuel economy standards in China early 2011 (follow up by policy recommendations). Identify other relevant environmental standards and regulations to be revised in 2011. 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 19
CO 2 -regulation (Fuel Economy Standards) for passenger vehicles: What is in it for the development of Electromobility? CO 2 -emissions in g/km 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 United USA States South Corea Korea Australia China European EU Union Japan 2002 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 2020 Conclusions Japan historically most strict regulation Recently for 2020 EU most strict regulation USA with high relative reductions if proposed measures will be implementes Source: ICCT, May 2009 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 20
Work Stream 3: Battery-Recycling for EVs Guiding Questions Tasks How can an efficetive and efficient battery-recycling system for EVs be set up in China to save the scarce resources and contribute to climate protection? 1. Assess the strength and weaknesses of today systems (i.e Electric Bikes) as well as the needs in the future 2. Set up a joint feasebility study for a systematic battery-recycling Expected Outcome Recommendations on how to set up an effective and efficient recycling system for batteries of EVs in China. Next Steps Start a fact finding mission in February 2011. Design the feasebility study in summer 2011. 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 21
Development of an industrial recycling solution for special metals Source: LiBRi, 2010. 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 22
Work Stream 4: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Mobility Guiding Questions How can EVs be integrated in sustainable (urban) transport and mobility concepts? Tasks Expected Outcome 1. Assess the international experiences with Evs on how they they may change the mobility pattern of customers concerning their environmental impacts 2. Studies options on how EVs can be integrated in sustainable (urban) transport systems in China Recommendations on how to integrate Electric Vehicles in (urban) transport systems that they contribute most to climate and envirnmental protection. Next Steps Preparing a international conference to exchange the experiences with pilot and demonstration projects of EVs in China and Germany in Q2 2011. Design the further work on: 1. further fleet tests with accompanying environmental reserach: 2. assess the opportunities to link Electro-Mobility with sustainable transport modes and services (i.e. Car Sharing or Car Pooling); 3. Set up criteria for environmental sound EV-ready cities 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 23
Electro-Mobility may be one pillar of a more environmental sustainable mobility Environmental Sustainable Mobility Efficiency Alternative Fuels and Propulsions Modal Shift Traffic Avoidance Effiziency ICE Fuel Cells Hydrogene Electromobility Biofuels 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 24
Contact Christian Hochfeld Project Director Electro-Mobility christian.hochfeld@giz.de Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Tayuan Diplomatic Compound Bld. 5, Entr. 2, Apt. 151 1 Xindonglu, Chaoyang District 100600 Beijing, PR China 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 25
Thank you very much for your attention! 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 26
Backup 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 27
The future of car is also electric: Advances in Germany Electromobility part of the Integrated Energy and Climate Programme (Dec. 2007) National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme (NIP) (2008) Foundation of a Task force of the German Government (BMBF, BMU, BMVBS, BMWi) Support of the first Field Trials of Evs (June 2008) National Strategy Conference on Electromobility (Nov. 2008) 500 Mio. Euro from the Recovery Package II until 2011 (Jan. 2009) National Development Plan Electromobility (Aug. 2009) Joint Governmental Office (Feb. 2010) National Platform Electromobility (May 2010) 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 28
Objectives of the National Development Plan Electromobility Integration of Electromobility in an environmental sustainable transport system Climate protection by expanding the share of renewable energies and its integration in the grid Securing and strengthening the competitiveness along the whole value chain ( Lead Market Electromobility Germany ) Cooperation of all relevant actors (National Platform) Milestone: 1 million EVs in 2020 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 29
Roadmap Electromobility in Germany Phase 1 (2009-2011) Market Preparation Phase 2 (ca. 2011 2016) Market Introduction Phase 3 (ca. 2017 2020) Volume Market Batteries Li-Ionen-Batterien Start of production 1. generation Technology 2. generation Li-Batteries Mass production 1. generation Initial production 2. generation Li-Batteries Mass production 2. generation New technologies for optimisation of costs and energy density Vehicle Technology PHEV and BEV as Prototypes PHEV / BEV in small series (all OEMs) Platform PHEV / BEV 2. generation Mass production of PHEV / BEV 2. generation Production of PHEV/BEV of high energy power classes Infrastructure Test grid integration Initial public charging stations Charging infrstructure in many cities and regions Grid integration Coupling with RE Areawide charging infrastructure Grid integration and feed back Fast charging, inductive charging Framework Security standards Regulatory Framework Standardisation of interfaces Incentive program Public procurement standards Markets Fleet Tests First private user Business models for charging of the batteries 1 mio. Evs on the road in 2020 Germany is lead market for electromobility 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 30
Main activities of the federal ministries BMWi BMVBS Energy research (i.e. Storage systems, smart grid integration) ICT for smart grid solutions (E-Energy) Transport research (propulsion systems, fleet 8 Model Regions for Electromobility Test center for batteries BMU BMBF Fleet tests (passenger cars and (light) duty vehicles Recycling of Li-batteries from vehicles Incentives program for hybrid busses Development of production technologies for Li-batteries Network of excellence systemic research Electromobility Research Centre for electro-chemistry 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 31
Memorandum of Understanding Goals - 1 Promotion of scientific exchange on a systematic environmental assessment of transport, in particular of different drive systems and fuels Harmonisation of methods of analysis to evaluate by means of scenario analyses the climate protection impact of the introduction and market penetration of electric mobility Definition of the potential contribution of electric mobility to climate protection in the transport sector in China through climate-friendly grid integration and optimisation of the well-to-wheel efficiency of electric vehicles 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 32
Memorandum of Understanding Goals - 2 Evaluation of options for responsible resource management, in particular with regard to saving critical metals and rare earths by eastablishing a recycling system for vehicle batteries Development of recommendations for action on shaping political framework conditions to ensure climate-friendly expansion of electric mobility in China Promotion of exchange on and cooperation in accompanying ecological research on pilot and demonstration projects in China and Germany 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 33
Memorandum of Understanding Goals - 3 Assessment of the options for using electric mobility in intelligent and multimodal mobility concepts to optimise the transport system in ecological terms Promotion of the bilateral dialogue on future climate protection opportunities resulting from the development of electric mobility in China and Germany through the establishment of a dialogue platform 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 34
Volkswagen China Group: First Industrial Partner 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 35
How to generate environmental benefits from the use of EVs? (CO 2 emissions) CO 2 emissions reductions can be achieved with a higher share of renewable energies in the electricity generation and enhanced coal technologies 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 36
How to generate environmental benefits from the use of EVs? (SO 2 emissions) SO 2 Emissions reductions can be achieved with enhanced coal technologies (i.e. SCR) 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 37
Challenges and strategies for the integration of the increasing energy demand of EVs in the power sector Source: Oeko-Institut 2010 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 38
Factors determining the climate protection benefits of EVs Source: OPTUM, 2010. New Challenge: Integrated consideration of transport and energy sectors! 02.02.2011 Seite Slide 39