Broad Base. Best Solutions. Graphite Materials and Systems Specialty Graphites for Energy Storage
2 Specialty Graphite and Process Solutions made by SGL Group. Advanced material, equipment, and process solutions Engineered for customers from more than 35 industries Tailor-made from the most comprehensive product portfolio In-depth production and material knowledge Consistent high quality, performance, and service Attractive total cost of ownership Broad Base. Best Solutions.
Business Unit Graphite Materials and Systems 3 Advanced solutions enable our customers to get ahead. SGL Group offers advanced solutions even for challenging applications. We understand the specific requirements of our customers and combine in-depth production, material, and engineering knowledge with the most comprehensive specialty graphite portfolio. This makes us the partner of choice to leading companies in many different industries. Exceptional resistance to heat and corrosion, high purity and mechanical strength are just a few of the outstanding properties which our materials offer. Specialty graphite products from SGL Group achieve optimal results where other materials fail. No matter what your specific requirements might be, we will identify the best solution from the most comprehensive range of specialty graphites. Fine grain graphite: isostatic, vibrationmolded, die-molded, extruded Expanded natural graphite Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon (C/C) Soft and rigid graphite felts Silicon carbide-coated graphite materials SGL Group covers the entire value chain of specialty graphite production, including raw material processing, semi-finished product manufacture, precision machining, purification, and coating. When it comes to engineering of equipment and process solutions our service range makes the difference: We offer mechanical and process design, production, assembly, commissioning, and service all from a one-stop shop. This is how we control and ensure the consistent high quality, reliability, and performance of our products and enable our customers to become more competitive. Challenge us. We are there for you worldwide. Additionally we use other materials like PTFE, silicon carbide, and specialty metals. With our portfolio and technical know-how spanning more than 35 different industries, we engineer tailor-made solutions in close partnership with our customers. r Production of expanded graphite foils Specialty graphite solutions for energy storage Energy storage systems are a key component in enabling the shift towards renewables making the energy revolution a success and ensuring the mobility of the future. With over 30 years of experience and an innovative product portfolio SGL Group is the preferred partner of leading companies worldwide.
4 Specialty graphites made by SGL Group. Energy storage solutions. SIGRACELL is the new brand name for our specialty graphite for energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries Lead acid batteries Typical applications Lithium-ion batteries (LiB) Lead acid batteries (LAB) Products of the SGL Group SIGRACELL specialty graphites SIGRACELL expanded graphite powders SIGRACELL synthetic graphite powders Materials made of carbon and graphite Graphite anode materials Carbon composite anode materials Conductive additives
SPECIALTY GRAPHITE solutions FOR ENERGY STORAGE 5 Based on our long-term experience and close development partnerships we provide tailor-made solutions to our customers. With their high electrical conductivity, corrosion-resistance and material purity our specialty graphites meet the highest standards for quality, efficiency and environmental compatibility. This leads to an increase of performance and reliability of energy storage in a wide range of applications. Flow batteries Next generation batteries Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) Iron-chromium redox flow batteries (FeCrRFB) High-temperature batteries (NaNiCl 2 /NaS) Next generation batteries SIGRACELL battery felts SIGRACELL bipolar plates SIGRACELL battery felts SIGRACELL graphite foils SIGRACET carbon papers Electrodes Bipolar end-plates Bipolar plates Electrodes Active masses Gas diffusion layers (GDL)
6 Graphite powder for lithium-ion batteries Our cutting-edge battery lab creates tailormade material solutions for our customers and development partners. It enables us to develop and characterize new materials using particle engineering and working according to industry standards.
SPECIALTY GRAPHITEs FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 7 Specialty graphites for lithium-ion batteries Our graphite anode materials are used in lithiumion batteries for mobile consumer appliances, electric vehicles and stationary energy storages for photovoltaic and wind. In order to spur technological progress even further, we invest in new generations of graphite-based anode materials and take active part in national and international networks. For over 15 years we have been working in close cooperation with Hitachi Chemical Corporation, supplying our partner with anode material for lithium-ion batteries in consumer electronics, as well as for automotive and industrial applications. SGL Group is one of the largest manufacturers of LiB anode materials and plays a major role in the advancement of LiB technology like C/Si compounds. c LiB test cell production in a clean room atmosphere As a member of the Lithium-Ion Battery Competence Network (KLiB) we seek to strengthen Germany's competitiveness in this key technology. That s why we are continuously working together with industrial enterprises and research institutions to improve battery cell performance, service life and safety. Further we invest in new generations of carbon and graphite-based battery materials for the next generation coordinated by our Energy lab and Application Center. c Electrode production at the Technology & Innovation Center for subsequent electrochemical characterization b Anode material for lithium-ion batteries
8 Partner for environmentally friendly energy storage We have used our extensive understanding of specific customer requirements to refine our portfolio of carbon and graphite felts. The result: SIGRACELL battery felts for energy storage. In Cellcube flow battery system, they contribute to the rapid supply of clean and emission-free energy. They also increase safety and storage ability. This is just one example of an applicationspecific optimized solution from the SGL Group.
SPECIALTY GRAPHITES FOR Lead acid BATTERIES 9 Specialty graphites for lead acid batteries High-performance, versatile, efficient. We provide SIGRACELL battery additives for lead acid batteries. Highly conductive carbon additives with following advantages: High purity, especially very low levels of metal impurities Excellent wettability Easy to mix into the lead paste Combination with conductive carbon blacks possible All these key features lead to improved Dynamic Charge Acceptance (DCA) and a high cycling stability during high rate partial state of charge. The increased performance in high current applications gives a crucial improvement for lead acid batteries. SGL Group s combination of application-oriented research, extensive knowledge of materials and expertise in process technology make it the partner of choice in carbon components for energy storage. All material development work starts with a well-founded understanding of the physical and chemical principles which determine the material s subsequent use. SGL Group has its own energy laboratory with experienced specialists at its main technology and innovation research center, and works in close cooperation with leading universities and institutes. This allows us to incorporate new findings in the field of electrochemical energy storage directly into our material development. b Redox flow battery test cell in our in-house Energy lab Material data for our SIGRACELL battery additives Typical properties Units Expanded graphite Synthetic graphite GFG20 HP SG2μ SG4μ D₁₀ µm 7 1 2 Particle size D₅₀ µm 20 2 4 distribution D₉₀ µm 67 4 7 Specific surface area BET m2/g 23 30 40 15 20 Ash content % < 0.1 < 0.05 < 0.05 Cd ppm < 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Cr ppm < 5.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 Cu ppm < 5.0 < 0.5 < 0.5 Selected Fe ppm < 150 < 30 < 30 elements Mn ppm < 5.0 < 0.5 < 0.5 Mo ppm < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 Ni ppm < 5.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 W ppm < 1.0 < 0.3 < 0.3 More detailed parameters like test of lead affinity and water consumption results are available on request. Please contact us!
10 Specialty graphites for flow batteries Reliable and easily adaptable to meet the specific requirements. Flow batteries enable energy storage on a scale of 3 2 1 2 3 kwh to MWh and provide the perfect solution for stationary applications. They are well-suited as temporary storage for grid stabilization, industrial back-up power, integration of renewables such as wind and photovoltaic as well as off-grid power supply for mobile radio transmitters and remote households. The main advantage of flow batteries is that they separate output (MW) and energy (MWh). The two can be adjusted independently of one another and are easily adaptable to the specific requirements at hand. 5 4 4 5 SGL Group ranks among the leading manufacturers of specialty graphites and graphite components for redox flow batteries. We have applied our long-term experience and close cooperation with customers to develop special materials and products for energy storage: SIGRACELL battery felts, bipolar plates and endplates. Continuous improvement of our materials has significantly enhanced the performance and service life of our customers flow batteries. Charge / Discharge c Schematic diagram of redox flow battery 1 Membrane 2 Permeable electrode 3 Bipolar plate 4 Storage electrode 5 Electrolyte Specialty graphites for flow batteries Applications SIGRACELL battery felts SIGRACELL bipolar plates and end-plates Permeable electrodes Bipolar plates
SPECIALTY GRAPHITEs FOR FLOW BATTERIES 11 Low cell resistivity and high electrolyte permeability are crucial factors for flow battery electrodes. Accordingly, the contact resistivity of the bipolar plate and felt electrode, as well as the permeability of the felt electrode largely depend on surface pressure and felt compression, and can be controlled by the compression rate: As the compression rate increases, resistivity decreases, as does permeability. Conversely, permeability and resistance increase as the compression rate decreases. Inhomogeneity in the battery felt can lead to impermeable areas reducing the overall performance of the system. Therefore SGL Group is continuously working on tighter tolerances for area weight and thickness of our battery felts. This enables our customers to optimize the compression rates to ensure the best battery performance possible. 2 Additional technical information please find in our White Paper: SIGRACELL Carbon Components for Flow Batteries on request. c Flow battery components 1 Ion-exchange membrane 2 SIGRACELL battery felt 3 SIGRACELL bipolar plate 1 3 Relative electrical resistivity of graphite felt Electrolyte permeability of graphite felt electrodes 100 160 1.6E -10 Electrical resistivity [%] 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Compression rate [%] Electrolyte permeability [darcy] 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Compression rate [%] 1.4E -10 1.2E -10 1.0E -10 8.0E -11 6.0E -11 4.0E -11 2.0E -11 0.0E -11 Electrolyte permeability [m 2 ]
12 SIGRACELL battery felts Permeable electrodes made of SIGRACELL carbon and graphite felts are the first choice for high-temperature batteries such as nickel-chloride and flow batteries. Our battery felts are used for anodes as well as cathodes. They facilitate an efficient charge exchange between the electrolyte and bipolar plate during battery charging and discharging. This is thanks to a unique combination of electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability, high porosity and good elasticity. c SIGRACELL carbon and graphite felts The sizes we provide are even enough to cover the needs of large-scale redox flow systems. We supply battery felts in standard sizes up to 1350 mm (53") in width in 25 m (82 ft) rolls. Beyond that, we produce carbon and graphite felts in customer-specific dimensions. Moreover we offer activated carbon and graphite felts which increases voltage, charge and energy efficiency. For further information please contact us. Advantage of our complete inhouse value chain fiber raw felt carbonizing carbon felt graphitizing graphite felt cut-to-size Material data for our SIGRACELL battery felt Typical properties Units KFD2.5 EA GFD 2.5 EA GFD 4.6 EA GFA 6 EA Carbon fiber precursor PAN PAN PAN Rayon Bulk density g / cm³ 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.08 Nominal thickness mm 2.5 2.5 4.6 6.0 Area weight g / m² 250 250 465 500 Open porosity % > 90 94 94 95 BET surface area m²/g 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 Electrical resistivity I Ωmm < 30 < 5 < 5 < 12 Electrical resistivity II Ωmm < 10 < 3 < 3 < 4 Area-specific resistance* I Ωcm² < 0.1 < 0.15 < 0.45 Total impurities % < 0.6 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.1 II parallel to longitudinal direction of felt; I vertical to longitudinal direction of felt; *compression to 80% of initial thickness
SPECIALTY GRAPHITEs FOR ENERGY STORAGE 13 SIGRACELL bipolar plates and end-plates c SIGRACELL bipolar plates made of expanded graphite (TF6/PV15) c SIGRACELL bipolar end-plates made of graphite composite material (F100) The main features that distinguish expanded natural graphite are exceptional resistance to chemicals and good electrical conductivity. Together with high-grade fluoropolymers, our thin, high-density SIGRACELL bipolar plates can be used for a broad spectrum of applications. Thanks to their great resistance to corrosion, our SIGRACELL products are ideally suited for the demanding cell chemistry in battery systems. Redox flow batteries are but one example of the many uses for SIGRACELL plates. For bipolar end-plates as well as further grades please contact us. Available sizes of our SIGRACELL bipolar plates Grade Thickness mm (in) Length mm (in) Width mm (in) TF6 0.6 (0.02) 900 (36) 600 (24) PV15 0.6 (0.02) 900 (36) 600 (24) We will also be glad to produce other formats upon. Material data for our SIGRACELL bipolar plates Typical properties Units TF6 PV15 Polymer type Fluoropolymer Fluoropolymer Density g / cm³ 1.75 1.65 Thickness mm 0.6 0.6 Tensile strength MPa 20 25 Compressive strength MPa 150 170 Electrical resistivity I Ωmm < 10 < 10 Area-specific resistance I Ωcm² < 0.05 < 0.05 Thermal conductivity I Wm ¹K ¹ 6 6 Thermal conductivity II Wm ¹K ¹ 300 300 Permeability (helium) mg /(m²s) < 1 x 10 ³ < 1 x 10 ³ Total impurities ppm < 150 < 150 II parallel direction of plate; I vertical direction of plate
14 We will find the best solution in partnership with you. The fascinating potential of carbon as a material excites us and inspires us to develop optimum solutions in partnership with our customers. With our comprehensive material portfolio and valuable specialist know-how, we can manufacture tailored products even for the most challenging applications. Consistently high quality, a global presence, innovative strength, and the extensive experience of our employees make us a reliable partner to our customers. Whatever challenges you face, together we will find the best solution.
SGL Group the Carbon Company 15 SGL Group The Carbon Company. A leading global manufacturer of carbon-based products. Q Unique product portfolio Q Innovative technologies and solutions Q Production sites close to sales markets Q Technology & Innovation Center in Germany with international networks b Anode material test production at our Technology & Innovation Center We have wide-ranging expertise in raw materials, advanced manufacturing processes, and longstanding application and engineering know-how. We have a comprehensive portfolio of carbon, graphite, and carbon fiber products and our integrated value chain covers everything from carbon fiber to composites. With a global sales and distribution network and modern production sites in Europe, North America, and Asia, we are close to our customers throughout the world. We use this broad base to offer our customers the best solutions possible. That s how we live up to our claim: Broad Base. Best Solutions. This claim is also upheld by our corporate SGL Excellence philosophy of continuous improvement. More information can be found by visiting: www.sglgroup.com C sglgroup sglgroup
Contact europe/middle EAST/AFRICA SGL CARBON GmbH Drachenburgstrasse 1 53170 Bonn/Germany sigracell-europe@sglgroup.com asia/pacific SGL CARBON Far East Ltd. 12 Fl, Shanghai Oriental Plaza 31 Wujiang Road Shanghai 200041/PR China sigracell-asia@sglgroup.com americas SGL TECHNIC Inc. Polycarbon Division 28176 No. Avenue Stanford CA 91355 Valencia/USA sigracell-americas@sglgroup.com registered trademarks of SGL CARBON SE 05 2017/0.2 5NÄ Printed in Germany This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should therefore not be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale. Graphite Materials & Systems SGL CARBON GmbH Soehnleinstrasse 8 65201 Wiesbaden/Germany www.sglgroup.com/gms