Better Efficiency with Electrolyte Circulation Intersolar 2014 Ralf Hachmeyer HOPPECKE Batterien GmbH & Co. KG Bontkirchener Straße 1 D-59929 Brilon-Hoppecke www.hoppecke.com Motive Power Systems Reserve Power Systems Special Power Systems Service
Usage of vented lead acid batteries (VLA) in off-grid systems Burkina Faso AC system Battery: OPzS solar.power R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 2
Usage of vented lead acid batteries (VLA) in off-grid systems Tahiti Rural electrification; AC system Battery used: OPzS solar.power R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 3
Usage of vented lead acid batteries (VLA) in off-grid systems Namibia Rural electrification; AC system; Battery: OPzS solar.power R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 4
Causes and Consequences of acid stratification Acid stratification in lead acid batteries means that acid density is higher at the bottom of the battery cell and lower at the upper region of the battery cell. Causes 1) : Sulfuric acid arising on the electrodes during battery charging is heavier than diluted sulfuric acid and is therefore sinking to the bottom of the battery cell. Consequences of acid stratification 1) : Battery cell will be preferably charged in upper cell region and discharged at bottom region. State of charge (SoC) is lower at the bottom compared to the upper area of the plates. Higher cycling in bottom region of a battery cell. Thus increasing cycle dependent aging. Higher acid densities at bottom of cell -> lead sulfate increases in bottom region of plates. Lower acid densities in upper region -> creation of dendrites and increasing corrosion. 1) Andreas Jossen, BaSyTec GmbH: Säureschichtung in Bleibatterien, März 2005 R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 5
Causes and Consequences of acid stratification Consequences of acid stratification Premature aging: In the lower cell region: Concentrated sulfuric acid attacks lead harder. The lead of negative electrode in particular the active mass is converted to lead-sulfate. This lead-sulfate falls out (-> capacity loss). In the upper cell region: Lead is not stable in diluted acid it dissolves. Furthermore: Lower energy efficiency of the battery Degraded charge acceptance R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 6
Causes and Consequences of acid stratification Observations for typical battery operation in PV systems 1) : Cycling operation with 30% depth of discharge (DoD) leads to a significant acid stratification already after the first cycle. Acid stratification between the electrode plates is significantly higher after charging phase compared to acid stratification after discharge phase. 1) Andreas Jossen, BaSyTec GmbH: Säureschichtung in Bleibatterien, März 2005 R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 7
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Overview Components R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 8
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Overview Components Air outlet with back pressure valve Current Sensor Air intake with filter Fuses Power Supply Cable Air tube Battery connection cable (to loads resp. charger) Air tube R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 9
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Benefits Your benefits with the HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System: Economic Recharge cost reduction through increased charging efficiency, significant reduced recharge time Environmental-friendly reduced runtime of additional (Diesel) generators and cost savings Extended battery service life no acid stratification Minimum maintenance costs maintenance free pump system (automatically controlled) Reduced battery service costs reduced water loss for longer refill intervals R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 10
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Applications Typical Applications: Solar-/Off-grid applications Power supply for remote off-grid applications and isolated power networks, drinking water supply systems, healthcare facilities Telecommunications Mobile phone stations, BTS stations, Off-grid/on-grid solutions Traffic Systems Signaling systems, Lighting R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 11
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Benefits Increase of efficiency and cost savings: Typically up to 120% of discharged energy need to be recharged in order to reach the initial state of charge (vented lead acid battery types). This charging factor includes the elimination of acid stratification. Application of the HOPPECKE electrolyte circulation system reduces the required charging factor significantly. Increase of efficiency is up to 15% compared to charging without electrolyte circulation system. Therefore less time and energy is required to recharge the battery and to achieve a homogeneous electrolyte distribution. The electrolyte circulation system reduces also service costs because of reduced water loss compared to conventional charging. Moreover the HOPPECKE electrolyte circulation system increases service life of the battery and provides environmental and economical benefits for the entire battery system. R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 12
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Reference R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 13
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Reference R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 14
HOPPECKE Electrolyte Circulation System Reference R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 15
HOPPECKE Company Information Independent family enterprise since 1927 2013 Introduction of sun.systemizer storage for self-consumption of PV energy 2013 Introduction of grid.systemizer off-grid energy container solutions 2012 Founding of HOPPECKE India and HOPPECKE Switzerland 2012 Opening of the new HOPPECKE Technology-Center in Zwickau, Germany 2008 Founding of HOPPECKE Advanced Battery Technology GmbH 2007 Founding of the HOPPECKE Service GmbH & Co. KG 2006 Opening of HOPPECKE production plant in Wuhan, China 2001 Founding of HOPPECKE Technologies GmbH & Co. KG 2000 "Vlies-Technologie" awarded prize for innovation 1999 Opening of distribution company and battery assembly in Shanghai, China 1997 Founding of HOPPECKE Batterie Systeme GmbH 1994 All plants awarded quality certificates in accordance with DIN ISO 9001 1976 Construction of Brilon lead recycling smelter 1973 Introduction of employee participation 1927 Company founded by Carl Zoellner Dr. Marc Zoellner Managing Director since 2003 Claus Zoellner Since 2003 Chairman of the Advisory Board, Managing Director 1967 until 2003 Ernst Zoellner Managing Direcotor until 1967 Carl Zoellner Founder of the company, Managing Director until 1943 R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 16
HOPPECKE Company Information MOTIVE POWER SYSTEMS Development, production and worldwide sales of motive power energy systems RESERVE POWER SYSTEMS Development, production and worldwide sales of stationary power systems SPECIAL POWER SYSTEMS Development, Production and worldwide sales of FNC -, Li-Ion und NiMH- based battery storage systems SERVICE Worldwide energy service and maintenance R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 17
HOPPECKE Company Information HOPPECKE Worldwide HOPPECKE Subsidiary HOPPECKE Representative R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 18
Thank you Thank you for your attention. See you at the HOPPECKE booth B1.410 www.hoppecke.com R. Hachmeyer, Jun 6th 2014 19