1 BC Hydro Case Study: Battery Energy Storage in Field, British Columbia, Canada IEEE PES Meeting July 2014
General BC Hydro Overview Crown Corporation Serving about 95% of province and 1.9 million customers ~10,500 MW demand Generation 13,800 MW capacity 41 Dam sites, 30 Hydro facilities and 9 Thermal units > 90% renewable Wind under contract 790MW, installed 480MW Transmission 500kV series-compensated backbone 18,000 km of transmission lines, 22,000 steel towers 260 substations One primary control center + one backup Interconnected to Alberta and US part of WECC Distribution 56,000 km of Distribution lines Approx. 900K poles, over 300K of transformers Serve 17 Non-integrated areas 2
Battery Energy Storage Project Opportunity Issue Golden substation near-capacity Served via single 69kV transmission line Peak load ~28MVA 2 x 25kV transformers Poor reliability indices for Field Single 55km 25kV distribution circuit from Golden substation Peak load ~550kVA Proposal Add 2MW battery energy storage to Golden distribution network to reduce peak load on substation Defer transformer upgrades at substation for 2 years Locate 1MW of the battery energy storage at Field to supply power during feeder outages 3
Battery Energy Storage Project Opportunity Government of Canada Clean Energy Fund 2009 Up to $146M over 5 years to support renewable, clean energy and smart grid programs across Canada 50% matching funds for projects shown to reduce GHG emissions, demonstrate innovative technology and knowledge transfer to other applications, locations and organisations BC Hydro proposal awarded funding Jan 2010 Project Objectives Implement peak shaving and islanding functions Demonstrate use of battery to: Defer capital expense Be an alternative to diesel back-up Demonstrate deployment of battery power in Canadian climate conditions 11. Energy Storage and Demand Response for Near-capacity Substation Lead proponent: BC Hydro Strategic Area: Smart Grid/Electricity Storage Location: Golden and Field, British Columbia Purpose: This project demonstrates the integration of energy storage as a mechanism for reducing electricity demand at near-peak capacity substations. This type of solution has the ability to be used in other remote communities where the grid reliability is low and the cost of the transmission line upgrade is uneconomical. 4
Battery Energy Storage Design 5
Power Sodium-Sulphur Battery Technology Minimum Stored Energy Number of Modules Cycle life Round trip efficiency DC 85% Installed footprint / Enclosure Height Rated DC voltage of battery (full charge) 1 MW Nominal (1.05 MW 2hr Peak) 6.32 MWh DC 20 x 316 kwh 4500 cycles 25.1 m 2 / 4.6 m 640 V Battery Temperature 300 C Fast charge time of battery Expected life of battery Energy density Power density Power consumption of peripheral devices: Depends on ambient conditions Manufacturer 9-10 hours 15 years 59.6 kwh/m3 9.9 kw/m3 ~60 kw Battery Heaters (144 kw peak) NGK Insulators, Japan 6
Challenges Schedule delays: Procurement Permitting Fire Safety Design challenges: Canadian climate conditions Telecom options Operations challenges: Transitioning to operations Unexpected functionality 7
Schedule Delays Procurement (May 2010 Mar 2011) Two separate requests for proposal: Energy storage technology Systems integration Permitting (Mar 2010 Aug 2011) Funding from the Federal Government triggered CEAA (Canadian Environmental Assessment Application) process Parks Canada additional permitting requirements Fire Incident in Japan (Oct 2011 Aug 2012) Construction stopped NGK investigation and design changes BC Hydro risk assessment and business case review Reduce scope to 1MW in Field only 8
Design Challenges Civil Design Operating temperatures -50 C to + 40 C Maximum snow depth 1.2m Use metal building to provide snow protection and fans to cool in summer Outdoor installation at Balls Gap, Virginia, AEP 2010 Under cover installation, Field, BC, BC Hydro 2013 9
Golden 900 MHz radio peer-to-peer communication R T1 25 kv 240 V 1500 kva Field Peak Load 500 kw G Design Challenges Telecom Design Backhaul from Field to BC Hydro operations Satellite Field area network for battery site to intellirupter 900 MHz SpeedNet radio SMS (Inverter/Charger) +/- 1000 kw +/- 750 kvar ~ - Station Load and Battery Heaters NaS Battery (6.3 MWh, 1 MW) 10
Lessons Learned Combine the energy storage and integrator RFPs Time for procurement Control systems suitability Single contract negotiation and management Limitations of technologies in harsh environments Climate Terrain Balancing desire for in-house participation with timing constraints Traditional standards and specification approach Siloed approach to design The safe option still hasn t been around that long Operating non-standard equipment Operating orders SCADA screens and controls Testing for all scenarios 12
13 Battery Energy Storage Performance: Peak Shaving
Battery Energy Storage Performance: Islanding Date Duration Reason July 15, 2013 7.5 hours Tree July 19, 2013 9 hours Tree Sep 21, 2013 9.5 hours Vehicle accident Sep 27, 2013 8 hours Vehicle accident Oct 5, 2013 2 hours Vehicle accident Oct 11, 2013 3 hours Unknown Nov 15, 2013 Failed to activate Coordination between intellirupter and vista Nov 19, 2013 14.5 hours Tree, snow, wind March 8, 2014 23.5 hours Highway closure/avalanche June 3, 2014 3 hours Tree Total 80 hours Outage Prevented 14
THANK YOU Kunle Adeleye, BC Hydro adekunle.adeleye@bchydro.com Helen Whittaker, BC Hydro helen.whittaker@bchydro.com Aaron Ellis, BC Hydro aaron.ellis@bchydro.com Vlad Kositsky, BC Hydro vlad.kositsky@bchydro.com 15