JIVE & FC Bus projects Enrique Girón http://www.fch.europa.eu/
FCH 2 JU: Strong Public-Private Partnership with a focused objective Industry-led Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH2 JU) Industry Grouping Close to 100 members ~ 50% SME Research Grouping Over 60 members To implement an optimal research and innovation programme to bring FCH technologies to the point of market readiness by 2020 The Joint Undertaking is managed by a Governing Board composed of representatives of all three partners and lead by Industry. Legal basis: Council Regulation: 559/2014 of 6 May 2014 (H2020) 2
The use of hydrogen and fuel cells
FCH 2 JU Objectives Reduce the production cost of fuel cell systems to be used in transport applications, while increasing their lifetime to levels which can compete with conventional technologies
Electro-mobility with the flexibility of diesel buses CHALLENGES: Air Quality Sustainable Urban Transport Climate Change SOLUTION: Hydrogen Electro-mobility
Why choose fuel cell buses? High daily range 300+ km without refuelling Zero tailpipe emissions Only water emitted and CO 2 emissions savings linked to hydrogen production source Collaboration A European network of frontrunners in place willing to share their expertise Operational flexibility no need for new street infrastructure, rapid refuelling (<10 min) Comfort for passengers and drivers due to reduced noise levels and smooth driving experience A concrete answer to ambitious policy targets set for transport decarbonisation Source: CHIC Emerging Conclusions
First steps: CHIC 5 European cities 26 Buses deployed Duration:2010-2016 81.8 M Project budget 25.88 M FCH JU funding 23 partners: PTOs, OEMs, R&D, SMEs 5 OSLO 8 LONDON 5 AARGAU 4 HAMBURG 4 COLOGNE 5 BOLZANO 3 MILAN
FCH bus demonstration projects 21 6 14 26 Aargau London Cologne Hamburg Bolzano Milan Oslo Aberdeen Antwerp Liguria Cherbourg Rotterdam South Holland Flanders Rome
FCH JU Projects: Achievements and Challenges Achievements Efficient electric drivetrain Fuel economy on hybrid bus platforms As flexible as diesel buses Full operations: 12-20 daily duties Refuelling time Challenges Availability Spare parts Time to repair Trained staff Cost of FCBs, HRS/H2 20-24 Fuel Consumption kg/100 km 15-20 - 50% 8-12 <10 Refuelling Time - min 1.5-2M Vehicle Cost - 60% 0.65M Baseline 2008 FCHJU projects Volumes bring lower costs and mature supply chain
NewBusFuel: large-scale hydrogen refuelling at bus depots Objectives The NewBusFuel project aimed to find solutions to challenges for large-scale refuelling: Scale throughput >2,000kg/day (compared to 100kg/day for passenger car stations) Ultra-high reliability ensure 100% availability of H 2 transport networks Fast refuelling buses need to be refuelled in a short window supply for public Footprint needs to be reduced to fit within busy urban bus depots Hydrogen storage can exceed 10 tonnes and lead to new regulatory and safety constraints The NewBusFuel project ran from 01/06/15 to 31/03/17.
NewBusFuel: large-scale hydrogen refuelling at bus depots Source: NewBusFuel project see http://newbusfuel.eu/publications/
FCH JU: Bringing stakeholders together and drafting a roadmap to commercialisation A B C ROADMAP Create independent fact base and confirm feasibility along value chain Milestone go/no go Create European rollout scenario based on typical business cases Milestone go/no go Develop frameworks, investment guidelines, and communication tools EXECUTION Study issued: 6/12/12 Study issued: 16/10/15 Ongoing work: Joint procurement Secure co-financing Further outreach
Bringing the numbers: JIVE - joint procurement JIVE: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe Objectives o Deploy 139 FC buses across nine cities UK 56 FC buses Denmark 10 FC buses o Achieve 30% cost reduction versus state of the art Latvia 10 FC buses o Operate 50% of the vehicles for at least 36 months o Deploy the largest capacity HRS in Europe Germany 51 FC buses o Achieve near 100% reliability of HRS o Demonstrate technological readiness of FC buses and HRS o Encourage further uptake A A Italy 12 FC buses Current FC buses Fuel cell buses in cities participating in JIVE Future FC buses (other projects) A Future FC buses (Project JIVE) Articulated bus (Project JIVE) A A A A JIVE began in January 2017 and will be a six year project
In two stages: JIVE 2 project submitted in 2017-152 buses more JIVE 2: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe Phase 2 Objectives Deploy 152 FC buses across 14 cities Achieve a maximum price of 625k for a standard fuel cell bus Operate buses for at least three years / 150,000 km Validate large scale fleets in operation Enable new entrants to trial the technology Demonstrate routes to low cost renewable H 2 Stimulate further large scale uptake Benelux Cluster (50 FC buses) France Cluster (15 FC buses) Germany / Italy Cluster (88 FC buses) Northern / Eastern Europe Cluster (50 FC buses) UK Cluster (88 FC buses) No. of FC buses 100 50 0 50 Benelux 15 France 88 Germany / Italy 50 N. / E. Europe 88 UK Total = 291 new FC buses for Europe JIVE JIVE 2 JIVE 2 builds on the objectives of the JIVE project, which began in January 2017. See www.fch.europa.eu/news/launch-project-jive-large-scale-deployment-fuel-cell-buses-europe
Projections: up to a2b market appetite Commitments are being secured to deploy ca. 900 buses total by 2020 2.000.000 1000 Maturity of the Market 1.800.000 900 0 # of Units 100 1.600.000 1.400.000 Cumulative FCBs Cost ( /FCB) 800 700 DEPLOYED PLANNED 1.200.000 600 1.000.000 500 800.000 400 600.000 300 400.000 200 200.000 100 0 0
We can take the data from UK OEMs to create a vision of a future lifetime ownership cost for 12m single deck buses Note units are GBP ( ) 10% cost premium relative to diesel ICE 30% more buses Impact of >100 FC buses made per year PVR: peak vehicle requirement.
The analysis for the UK case rests on the following key assumptions Powertrain: Diesel ICE Diesel hybrid Battery Battery Fuel cell Fuel cell ICE electric electric electric electric Bus type: Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deck Cost scenario: Current costs Current costs Mass-market Mass-market JIVE costs Mass-market Bus availability % 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% Additional vehicle requirement % 0% 0% 0% 30% 0% 0% Bus capex /bus 140,000 210,000 300,000 300,000 550,000 305,000 Bus lifetime years 14 14 14 14 14 14 Powertrain overhaul capex /bus 20,000 30,000 80,000 80,000 90,000 79,000 Powertrain lifetime years 7 7 7 7 7 7 Bus drivetrain maintenance /year/bus 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 Diesel consumption l/100km 37 30 Electricity consumption kwh/100km 160 160 Hydrogen consumption kg/100km 8.00 6.50 Diesel price /litre 1.20 1.20 Electricicty price /kwh 0.10 0.10 Hydrogen price /kg 9 7 5 Bus regular maintenance /year/bus 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Driver salary /year 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Additional driver salary /year/bus 0 0 0 24,000 0 0 Depot overheads /year/bus 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 Infrastructure capex (overall) 800,000 800,000 Infrastructure capex (per bus) /bus 5,000 5,000 Infrastructure maintenance (overall) /year 0 0 Infrastructure maintenance (per bus) /year/bus 3,000 3,000 Infrastructure lifetime years 14 14 Hydrogen refuelling station costs included in the hydrogen price Note: financing costs are not included in this analysis. Other costs (insurance, training, etc. are also excluded). Driver costs based on an assumption of two drivers per bus. Assumed annual mileage per bus is 70,000 km/yr in all cases.
If fuel cell bus costs fall as anticipated by certain OEMs, they will be able to compete with battery electric buses Ownership cost analysis insights The results above suggest that the fuel cell option can compete with the best case battery electric bus (i.e. battery buses offering one-for-one replacement of diesel buses) when production volumes of >100 vehicles per year per OEM are reached in the UK. This conclusion is based on several key assumptions: o o o o o The reliability of fuel cell buses reaches a point where they can be considered direct (one-for-one) replacements for diesel buses. Fuel cell bus capital cost is reduced so that prices of c. 300,000 can be offered (comparable to the assumed price of battery electric buses under the mass market cost scenario. Fuel economy falls to approx. 6.5kgH 2 /100km (from c.8 9kgH 2 /100km seen in the CHIC project). Stack life is 7 years with a significant stack replacement at this point. Depending on how the bus is operated, this could correspond to c.30,000+ hours. All-inclusive hydrogen price of c. 5/kg i.e. this price covers the cost of generating, storing, compressing, transporting (if necessary), and dispensing hydrogen to buses. It also needs to include some profit margin for the gas supplier. In practice, many of the costs assumed above will vary depending on details of the bus fleet operation and the depot in question (e.g. costs of energy, electricity grid upgrades, etc.). However, this simplified, generic analysis reveals that under certain conditions fuel cell buses appear to be an attractive choice on economic grounds (in addition to the operational benefits they offer).
Hydrogen fuel cell buses in Europe - conclusions The technology has been demonstrated in a range of realworld environments millions of kilometres & thousands of refuelling events to date Key challenges to further adoption: Improved availability of vehicles to be achieved via the ongoing demonstration projects Cost reductions vehicles and hydrogen fuel Procurement plans are in place for approximately 300 buses before 2020 A commercialisation process is underway that could lead to competitive fuel cell buses in the 2020s The FCH JU and the FC bus coalition have the strong conviction that a deployment of around 1,000 fuel cell electric buses will push costs to an acceptable level (close to hybrid buses and no or little need of subsidy) * * Source: FCH JU s 2016 Call for Tender: Procuring a study on Management of a Joint Procurement Strategy for Fuel Cell Buses (July 2016)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION @fch_ju fch-ju@fch.europa.eu FCH JU Enrique Girón Project Manager Further info : FCH2 JU : HYDROGEN EUROPE : HYDROGEN EUROPE RESEARCH : www.fch.europa.eu www.hydrogeneurope.eu www.nerghy.eu
FCH JU STAKEHOLDER FORUM 2017 Join the FCH for the 10 th year edition of the STAKEHOLDER FORUM Stakeholder Forum: 22 November 2017 Steinbergher Hotel, Brussels Program Review Days: 23 and 24 November 2017 Steinbergher Hotel, Brussels