Eihth Intrntionl IPS onrn Einhovn, Nthrlns uust 11-14, 23 SHPE FTOR LULTION N VISULIZTION FOR THE INFLUENE OF THE THERML ENVIRONMENT ON THE HUMN OY Mski Mn 1, Hitoshi Ymzki 2, Koji Ski 1 1 Oit Univrsity, 7, n-no-hru, Oit, 87-1192, Jpn 2 Knto Gkuin Univrsity, knzw-ku, Yokohm, 236-851, Jpn STRT Th purpos o this ppr is to xplin th inoor thrml rition nvironmnt o th humn oy in til. Usin 3- humn oy mol, shp lultions twn humn oy n surrounins r xut. First, th shp twn th humn oy n h sur o th room is lult. Th humn oy is pl in th ntr o th room. Th shp rsults r visuliz y VRML. Gnrt VRML ims init th inlun o thrml rition, whih th humn oy rivs rom th room surs. Son, th shp twn th humn oy n surrounins (th room surs n som popl) is lult. Som "popl inlun" on th sujt's humn oy is shown. n th shp vrition with oy position in th room is shown in til. INTROUTION Th humn oy lwys rivs thrml rition rom th nvironmnt. Usully, howvr, h oy prt rivs irnt mount o thrml rition. In orr to msur this inoor thrml rition, it is nssry to lult shp s twn h rtion o th humn oy n h surrounin sur. In prvious stuis, shp s or th whol oy wr otin y photorphy (Fnr, 197), or y numril mthos (Olsn, 1989, Tn, 2, Mn, 22). In this ppr w rport th vlopmnt o prorm or ths shp lultions. Fiur 1 Virtul u n lultion point Sin th numr o ri lls is th shp ury, it is nssry to hoos suitl numr o ivisions. W opt 9 ivisions o h ui. EFFETIVE RITION RE Th tiv rition r is lult rom th shp twn h rtion o th humn oy n h surrounin sur. Th humn oy is viw s onsistin o n rtions, in n nlosur onsistin o m surs. F ij is th shp twn sur i o th oy with r i, n surrounin sur j. prt o th oy onsists o rtions n1 to n2. Th ollowin qutions rprsnt th tiv rition r n prt o th tiv rition r P. SHPE FTOR ULTION SI ULTION PROEURE Thr r svrl lultion mthos to otin ths shp s. Th Hmi-u lorithm (ohn, 1985) is on o th typil mthos o lultin shp. Th lorithm uss th hmi-u, ut w hv opt lultion mtho usin virtul u (Mn, 21). Th shp lultion prour is outlin s ollows. (1) Eh o th u, xpt th ottom, is ivi into smll ri lls. (2) lult th shp twn rtion o th ntr o th ottom u n h ll (Ymzki, 1983). (3) Pl virtul u on lultion point (Fiur 1). (4) Exut prsptiv projtion o humn oy on h ui (xpt or th ottom ). (5) Th totl shp or h ll ontinin th rwn prsptiv prous th shp o th humn oy. SHPE FTOR OF WLLS Shp F hk twn oy n surrounin sur k is lult rom th ollowin qution usin th tiv rition r. Thror, th shp F pk twn surrounin sur n humn oy prt p is rprsnt y th ollowin qution. - 791 799 -
Tl 1 Etiv rition r (Uppr: oy r [m 2 ], Lowr: tiv rition r ) Fiur 2 Stnin nu n loth mols (1)Stnin Nu (2)Stnin loth (3)St Nu (4)St loth (5) Wlkin1 Nu (6) Wlkin2 Nu () oy 1.71.8 2.13.76 1.72.75 2.18.71 1.71.82 1.71.83 () H.13.96.13.95.13.96.13.94.13.96.13.96 () Trunk (ront).29.82 5.79.26.75.71.29.85.29.85 () Trunk (k).28.82 3.8 2.84 9.85.28.84.28.85 (E) rm.27.56 6.51.27.56 6.5 (riht).14.65 (lt).14.65 (riht).14.65 (lt).14.65 (F) L.73.84.95.8.74.74 1..71 (riht) 7.85 (lt) 7.82 (riht) 7.87 (lt) 7.87 Fiur 3 St nu n loth mols FFETIVE RITION RE OF HUMN OY Shp lultions twn humn oy n surs o nlosur hv n prorm, n th tiv rition r o humn oy otin. Fiur 2 shows th stnin nu n loth oy mol. Fiur 3 shows th st nu n loth oy mol. Fiur 4 shows two wlkin nu oy mols. Ths iurs hv olor orrsponin prts. oy prts r h, trunk, hns n ls. Tl 1 summrizs th lultion rsults n shows th tiv rition r n o th oy n prts. Tl 1 o (1) - (6) is th oy mol typ n tl 1 o () - (F) is th oy n oy prts. Eh ll o tl 1 onsists o two vlus: oy r (uppr) n tiv rition r (lowr). In (1) - (4) lin, lls o oy prts (E) n (F) hv vlus or hn or l, us o thir symmtril shp. ut In (5) - (6) lin, lls o oy prts (E) n (F) r riht n lt. Fiur 4 Two wlkin nu mols EFFETIVE RITION RE LULTION HUMN OEY MOEL Th ross-stionl shp o stnin nu oy (youn oy, hiht 167 m, wiht 6 k) ws msur. Gnrtin trinls twn msurmnt stions, th 3 soli nu humn oy mol ws rt. lso, msurin th stnin oy in usinss suit, th 3 loth humn oy mol ws rt. Th 3 stnin nu oy mol onsists o 2972 trinls, n th 3 stnin loth oy mol hs th sm numr o trinls. Rottin joints o th 3 stnin oy usin th oy t nrtion prorm, th othr 3 postur mols wr rt. Th rt our postur mols r: stnin nu, stnin loth, st nu n st loth. Th othr rt two mols r wlkin oy mols: on mol is innin to wlk (movin l) n th othr mol is wlkin (movin trunk). Ths vlus o lls init tht irnt posturs hv irnt vlus. Th tiv rition r o th nu oy is rom lr to smll in th orr o th st oy, stnin oy n wlkin oy. n loth ois r in th sm orr. us oy postur hs shit to mor opn stt rom mor ompt stt, th oy is mor sily inlun y thrml rition. SHPE FTOR ISTRIUTION MP OF HUMN OY Shp simultions twn humn oy n room surs r xut n th rsults r visuliz or th purpos o unrstnin th tils o th inlun o th thrml rition nvironmnt on th humn oy. humn oy ws pl t th ntr on th loor, n th shp twn th oy n room sur ws lult. Th sujt humn oy is th stnin nu, n th room siz (WH) is 1x9x3 [m]. Th simultion mol is shown in Fiur 5. - 792 8 -
Fiur 5 Room n sujt position Shp simultion rsults r visuliz usin VRML (Virtul Rlity Molin Lnu). Shp lultions or h room sur r xprss with ry sl o th humn oy's trinls. Th shp istriution mps with smoothin rprsnttion r shown in Fiurs 6 throuh 9. Th sh on th humn oy inits th shp vlu. Shp. - 1. orrspons to lk - whit in Fiurs 6 n 7, n in Fiurs 8 n 9, th shp. -.5 orrspons to lk - whit. Sh o ths iurs xprsss th strnth o thrml rition riv rom th room. Fiur 6 is th loor shp istriution mp, Fiur 7 is th ilin on, Fiur 8 is th ront wll on, n Fiur 9 is th riht wll on. Ths iurs lrly monstrt tht th shp hns rtly with humn oy prt. Fiur 6 shp istriution mp Fiur 7 ilin shp istriution mp SE OF PEOPLE IN ROOM onsir lssroom with som popl in th room. In this s, popl who xist in sujt's surrounins t th sujt's thrml rition nvironmnt. Morovr, thrml rition to th sujt rom h room sur is intrrupt y th surrounin ois. In orr to nlyz suh thrml nvironmnt, simultion is xut usin 3 humn oy mol. oy mol is pl in th ntr o th loor, n som popl r rrn in th room roun th sujt. Th shp twn th sujt's humn oy mol n th surrounins is trmin y simultion. Th siz o th room us or this lultion is th sm s in Fiur 5. Simultions r xut or 4 ss: room oupi y 1 prson, room oupi y 9 popl, room oupi y 25 popl, n room oupi y 49 popl. In ll ss, th numr inlus th sujt. ll humn ois r th sm. Fiur 1 is th room pln oupi y th 9 popl, n Fiur 11 is th nrt VRML im in3 o th 9 popl stnin in th room. Fiurs 12 13 r or th 25 prson s, n Fiurs 14 n 15 r or th 49 prson s. In ition, Fiur 16 is th VRML im o th st 49 prson s. Th shp twn th oy o th sujt pl in th ntr o th room n h sur o th room is lult or ths svrl ss. Fiur 8 wll shp istriution mp Fiur 9 Riht wll shp istriution mp - 793 81 -
Fiur 1 Pln o room oupi y 9 popl Fiur 11 Room oupi y 9 popl Fiur 12 Pln o room oupi y 25 popl Fiur 13 Room oupi y 25 popl Fiur 14 Pln o room oupi y 49 popl Simultions wr xut or th stnin nu oy n th st nu oy. Ths rsults r shown in Fiurs 17-24. Fiur 17 is th s o th stnin sujt in th ntr o th room. Fiur 18 is th st sujt. Ths iurs show th shp twn th oy n h sur o th room, n twn h prt o th oy n h sur o th room. Th vrtil xis is shp, n th horizontl xis is oy prts, whrin [oy] mns whol oy, [H] mns h, [] mns ront trunk, [-Trunk] mns k trunk, [R-rm] mns riht rm, [L-rm] mns lt rm, [R-L] mns riht l, n [L-L] mns lt l. For xmpl, in Fiur 17 th shp twn th riht l n th loor is.51. Fiur 15 Room oupi y 49 popl Fiur 16 Room oupi y 49 st popl - 794 82 -
.6.5.4.2.1 Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / lin k Riht Lt.6.5.4.2.1 Shp Ftor / St, Nu / lin k Riht Lt oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 17 Shp / Stnin-1 Fiur 18 Shp / St-1.6.5.4.2.1 Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 8 lin k Riht Lt Othrs.6.5.4.2.1 Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 8 lin k Riht Lt Othrs oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 19 Shp / Stnin-9 Fiur 2 Shp / St-9.6.5.4.2.1.6.5.4.2.1 oy Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 24 H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 21 Shp / Stnin-25 Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 48 lin k Riht Lt Othrs lin k Riht Lt Othrs.6.5.4.2.1 oy.6.5.4.2.1 Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 24 H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 22 Shp / St-25 Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 48 lin k Riht Lt Othrs lin k Riht Lt Othrs oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 23 Shp / Stnin-49 oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 24 Shp / St-49-795 83 -
Fiur 25 Shp istriution mp o 48 othrs Fiur 27 Room n popl positions SHPE FTOR N OY POSITION In orr to unrstn th thrml rition nvironmnt o th room oupi y 49 popl, th shp lultion is prorm. This simultion ims t otinin th irn in thrml rition nvironmnt with oy position. Fiur 27 shows th room pln oupi y 49 popl. Shp s twn th sujt n th surrounins tht r th room surs n th popl, xpt or th sujt, r lult. Eh sujt position is init y - n -. For xmpl, oy is pl t - o Fiur 27, n th shp twn th oy n loor is - in th3 rph o Fiur 28. Fiur 26 Shp istriution mp o 48 othrs Ths iurs init th strnth o thrml rition rom h sur o th room to h prt o th oy. omprin th stnin n th st s, th st oy hs somwht lrr loor shp thn th stnin. Fiur 19 is th s o th room oupi y 9 popl (.1 prsons/m 2 ). Th sujt is stnin in th ntr o th room. In this iur, [othrs] in th introutory nots mn humn ois xpt th sujt. Th shp s twn th oy n th othr ois r.3 (stnin) n.2 (st). Fiur 21 is th s o th room oupi y 25 popl (.28 prsons/m 2 ) n th shp s twn th oy n th othr ois r.12 (stnin) n.11 (st). This shp is smllr thn th shp t or twn th trunk or th rm n th othr ois. Fiur 23 is th s o th room oupi y 49 popl. s th nsity o popl riss (.54 prsons/m 2 ), th shp twn th oy n th othr ois inrss. Th oy shp s r (stnin) n.27 (st). Fiur 25 is th shp istriution mp o 48 othr popl on th humn oy sur. Fiur 26 is th sm shp istriution mp or th st sujt. Th olor o th sur, whih hs turn to th ilin n th loor in th humn oy portion, is rk. This inits tht this shp is smllr thn th othr rtions. In Fiurs 28 n 29, in spit o oy position, thr is no lr irn in th shp twn th oy n th loor. In th stnin s, th rn o vlus o shp is out.29 to 3. In th st s, s ompr with th stnin s, shp is lrr y out.3. In Fiurs 3 n 31, th shp twn th oy n th ilin oms smll t th ornr o th oy. In th stnin s, it is out.8 smllr thn th shp t th ntr o room. Thr r w irns o shp twn th stnin oy n th st oy. In Fiurs 32 n 33 th shp twn th oy n th ront wll rss rpily whn th sujt os rom th ront wll to th k wll. Thr r w irns in shp twn th stnin oy n th st oy. Th shp o th stnin oy is.3 t - (ntr) n.19 t -. In Fiurs 34 n 35, th k wll s is opposit th ront wll s. In Fiurs 36 n 37, th shp twn th oy n th riht wll is smll, sin th sujt stys wy th wll. In Fiurs 38 n 39, th shp twn th oy n th riht wll is.26 (stnin) n.25 (st) t -. In Fiurs 4 n 41, th shp twn th sujt n th othrs is lr t th ntr o th room, n smll t th ornr o th room. Ths shpr s (stnin) r.11 t -, t -,.1 t - n.27 t -. Th stnin s nrlly hs shp lrr thn th st s. - 796 84 -
.4.4 shp 5.25.2.15.1.5 Stnin, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp 5.25.2.15.1.5 St, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 Fiur 28 shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 29 shp s in th room (St) shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 ilin Stnin, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 ilin St, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 Fiur 3 ilin shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 31 ilin shp s in th room (St).4.4 5 5 shp.25.2.15.1.5 wll Stnin, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp.25.2.15.1.5 wll St, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 Fiur 32 wll shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 33 wll shp s in th room (St) shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 k wll Stnin, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 k wll St, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 Fiur 34 k wll shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 35 k wll shp s in th room (St) - 797 85 -
shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 Riht wll Stnin, Nu / 48 Fiur 36 Riht wll shp s in th room (Stnin) 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 Riht wll St, Nu / 48 Fiur 37 Riht wll shp s in th room (St) 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5.4 5 shp.25.2.15.1.5 Lt wll Stnin, Nu / 48 Fiur 38 Lt wll shp s in th room (Stnin) 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp.4 5.25.2.15.1.5 Lt wll St, Nu / 48 Fiur 39 Lt wll shp s in th room (St) 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5.4.4 shp 5.25.2.15.1.5 Othr prsons Stnin, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 shp 5.25.2.15.1.5 Othr prsons St, Nu / 48 5-.4-5.25-.2-.25.15-.2.1-.15.5-.1 -.5 Fiur 4 Othr prsons shp s in th room (Stnin) ONLUSION In orr to unrstn th inoor thrml rition nvironmnt in til, th shp simultion is xut. Shp s r lult y th mtho shown in this ppr. Th lultion rsult is visuliz y VRML. Th shp istriution mp, whih inits th inlun o thrml rition rom th surrounins to th humn oy, is xprss s shin on th 3 humn oy mol. Th simultion is xut or situtions whr th room is oupi y vrious numrs o popl, n th inlun o thrml rition rom th othrs on th sujt is prsnt. In th s o th room oupi y 49 popl, th shp twn th sujt in th ntr o th room n th othrs is. Morovr, th simultion inits th irn in thrml rition nvironmnt pnin on oy position in th room. Fiur 41 Othr prsons shp s in th room (St) REFERENES ohn,f n Grnr,P, 1985. Th Hmi-u Riosity Solution or omplx Environmnts, SIGRPH85. Fnr, P.O.,t l., 197. Rition t or th Humn oy, SHRE Trns., Vol.76-II. Mn,M., t l. 22. Shp Ftor Simultion twn Humn oy n Room Usin Sn Lin, Th 1th IEE. Mn,M, t l., 21. ylihtin Simultion o Jpns rhittur Usin ll Sky Mol, uilin Simultion 21. Olsn,.W, t l., 1989. Mthos or Msurin n Evlutin th Thrml Rition in Room, SHRE Trns., Vol.95-II. Tn,S., t l. 2, Etiv rition r o humn oy lult y numril simultion, Enry n uilins 32. Ymzki,H., 1983. Shp Ftor lultion n omputr Grphis. Th 4th Intrntionl Symposium on th Us o omputrs or Environmntl Eninrin Rlt uilins. - 798 86 -