Monitoring noise & vibration and asset management 27 January 2016 Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer/ International Union of Railways headquarters 16 rue Jean Rey 75015 Paris 30 minutes Hans J. A. van Leeuwen DGMR Consultants for construction, industry, traffic, environment and software P.O. box 370, NL 2501 CJ, The Hague, The Netherlands +3188 3467 500 LN@DGMR.NL
Contents Introduction Long term noise and vibration Combinations of monitoring and meteo, the identification of vehicles and speed Trend analyses Increasing roughness of the tread of the rail Grinding The condition of the vehicle Asset management in relation to rail and wheels Vibrations of rail vehicles in the environment Conclusions 2
Long term monitoring Validation of a calculation model Peak noise levels Variation during the day, week or year Trends over time Asset management Examples: The effect of temperature of asphalt The degradation of Low Noise Asphalt Rail roughness of tracks 3
Event Filter Grinding
wheel roughness carriage response carriage radiation propagation in the carriage S noise inside the carriage S contact filter receptances bogie response bogie radiation carriage isolation rail roughness wheel wheel wheel receptances response radiation discontinuities of the wheel S wheel/rail interaction forces noise propagation in air S noise measured at wayside S contact filter receptances rail receptances rail response rail radiation discontinuities of the rail/track track response track radiation propagation in the ground vibration measured at wayside differential slip lateral slipping rubbing of wheelflange ground response response and propagation of building vibration in buildings radiation of wall, floor and ceiling structure born noise Diagram of the excitation mechanisms for noise and vibration.
Generation mechanism of rolling noise The excitation is the result of 'fine' irregularities on the running surfaces of wheel and rail. o Roughness: amplitude between approximately 0,2 m and 200 m. wavelengths between approximately 2 mm and 200 mm. wheel roughness contact filter S receptances carriage response bogie response carriage radiation bogie radiation propagation in the carriage carriage isolation noise S inside the carriage rail roughness wheel wheel wheel receptances response radiation discontinuities of the wheel S wheel/rail interaction forces noise propagation in air noise S measured at wayside o Long-pitch corrugation: contact filter S receptances discontinuities of the rail/track rail receptances rail response track rail radiation track Visible roughness or roughness in an extreme form. differential slip lateral slipping rubbing of wheelflange response ground response radiation propagation in the ground response and propagation of building vibration measured at wayside vibration in buildings radiation of wall, structure floor and ceiling born noise Diagram of the excitation mechanisms for noise and vibration.
Average of all results HTM and RET in L-V 105 103 101 99 HTM / Citadis RET / Bombardier SEL db(a) 97 95 93 91 89 87 85 3-10-2013 22-11-2013 11-1-2014 2-3-2014 21-4-2014 10-6-2014 30-7-2014 18-9-2014 7-11-2014 27-12-2014 15-2-2015 6-4-2015 26-5-2015 15-7-2015 3-9-2015 23-10-2015 Grinding date/time Grinding 7
Comparison of two locations / Same type of light rail train 8 6 Pijnacker spoor Ri R'dam Pijnacker spoor Ri Den Haag Voorburg RET Ri R'dam Voorburg RET Ri Den Haag 4 Relateive SEL in db(a) 2 0-2 -4-6 -8 16-10-13 16-12-13 16-02-14 16-04-14 16-06-14 16-08-14 16-10-14 date/time 8
One vehicle of the RET 6 5 4 SEL db(a) 3 2 1 0-1 13-10-2013 21-1-2014 1-5-2014 9-8-2014 17-11-2014 25-2-2015 5-6-2015 13-9-2015 Grinding date/time Grinding 10
One vehicle of the HTM 5 4 3 SEL db(a) 2 1 0-1 13-10-20132-12-2013 21-1-2014 12-3-2014 1-5-2014 20-6-2014 9-8-2014 28-9-201417-11-2014 6-1-2015 25-2-2015 16-4-2015 5-6-2015 25-7-2015 13-9-2015 2-11-2015 Grinding date/time Grinding 11
90 90 Sound pressure level in db(a) 80 70 60 50 40 Sound Pressure Level in db(a) 80 70 60 50 40 30 30 1/3 Octave Center Frequency in Hz 1/3 Octave Center Frequency in Hz 12
The top 10 of the vehicles with the highest noise and vibration level 13
Noise monitoring Under the vehicle Insight into infrastructure Live and frequent Under representative vehicles With representative speeds And representative meteo
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Trent analyses of the noise emission of one vehicle 18
Noise level in relation to the temperature 19
Wheel rail contact / interaction of an individual vehicle / wheel Acceleration levels up to 80 g
Measurements of vibration levels in dwellings 21
22 De beste vragen genereren de beste antwoorden
A random example of an event 23
A random example of an event of a freight train
And another event with disturbance... 25
Histogram of vibration levels 140 120% 120 100% 100 80% Frequentie 80 60 60% Frequentie Cumulatief % 40% 40 Measurements in a sleeping room 20 20% 1243 trains Passenger and freight trains 0 0% 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 Snelheidsniveau in db t.o.v. 1 nm/s 26
Summery and conclusion Interesting developments on long term noise and vibration monitoring The combination with meteorological information and the identification of the passing vehicles and speed gives a huge amount of information e.g. squeel noise The increase of the noise levels is, depending on construction and geometry or other parameters, 0.1-0.9 db(a) per month Vibration events analyses will give more information on wheel condition e.g. flat sides on a wheel Trend analyses of the noise and vibration is extremely useful for asset management on maintenance of the infrastructure and/or the vehicles Accurate measurement on vibrations in dwellings by eliminating disturbance 27
Also on the Pantograph Assets continuous, fully automatic, smart and cost control. This reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO), occurs (reputation) damage and risks and improves reviews (KPIs).
Thanks for your attention Hans J. A. van Leeuwen DGMR Consultants for construction, industry, traffic, environment and software P.O. box 370, NL 2501 CJ, The Hague, The Netherlands +3188 3467 500 LN@DGMR.NL