Electric Propulsion Systems for Ships

Dr. Hiroyasu KIFUNE Associate Prof. (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. and Tech.) Lectures: Electric Machines, Power Electronics, Electric Propulsion System for Ships Research Area: Power Electronics

Photo from <http://www.naze.biz/database/124/#category-tech> <http://www.marubishi-ht.com/category/1327488.html> Dr. Hiroyasu KIFUNE Associate Prof. (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. and Tech.) Lectures: Electric Machines, Power Electronics, Electric Propulsion System for Ships Research Area: Power Electronics, Induction Heating Technologies Saving Energy of Ships

Today s lecture title is Electric Propulsion Systems for Ships

Agenda Overview of Electric Propulsion Ships Comparison with Auto Motives and Ships Why Auto motives adopt Electric Propulsion? Advantage and Disadvantage Reason with kind of Ships Future view

What is Electric Propulsion? It is the technology which moves by the power of an electric motor. Maybe, the railroad is familiar.

What is Electric Propulsion? It is the technology which moves by the power of an electric motor. Maybe, the railroad is familiar. Pantagraph

What is Electric Propulsion? It is the technology which moves by the power of an electric motor. Maybe, the railroad is familiar. Pantagraph Electric Motor Converted and Controlled

Data and Photo from http://www.chiri.com/railwaymap/pdf/syutoken_rosen_201003.pdf http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~eg6f-tkhs/tetu/toei_edo.htm

Car with Electric Motor Hybrid car runs combining the power of engine, electric motor with battery. Gasoline Engine Main power supply Battery Aux. power supply Gear Box Electric Motor Tires

Car with Electric Motor Hybrid car runs combining the power of engine, electric motor with battery. EV (Electric Vehicle) runs only battery. Gear Box Tires Battery Electric Motor Main power supply

Various Electric Propulsion Ships

Battery Boat Raicho I LOA: 10m DW:3ton Passenger: 12 Lithium ion battery Permanent Magnetic Motor

LPG carrier No.10 Izumi Maru Owner: NGL LOA: 70m DW:1,056ton Cargo: LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Photo from <http://www.ngl.co.jp/ship8.html>

Cement carrier Ko-zan Maru Owner: JRTT, Yamaki Transport LOA: 160m DW:22,000ton Cargo: Cement Photo from <http://www.ube-ind.co.jp/usl/ships/ship40.htm>

Oil Tanker Photo from <Monthly Ships, Dec. 2003> MASTERA Owner: SEB Leasing Oy LOA: 252m DW:106,200ton Atrantic O

LNG carrier Photo from <http://www.visualships.com/provalys.htm> PROVALYS LOA: 290m DW: 154,400m 3

Cruise Passenger Ship Photo from <http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/> Diamond Princess Owner: P&O LOA: 290m GT:115,800ton Passenger:2,674

Oceanographic Ship CHIKYU LOA:210m GT: 56,752ton Drilling Depth:2,500m Photo from <http://blog.goo.ne.jp/taro-x/e/53a94879e93eb80beaafee34b1797a59>

FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading system) Oil drilling Ship Excavating from 1,200m in depth Photo from <http://www.oilrig-photos.com/picture/number1865.asp>

Electric Propulsion in Car Why does it become energy saving if a car uses an electric motor and a battery? Speed Conventional Car Power

Photo from <http://www.honda.co.jp/insight/webcatalog/color/> Electric Propulsion in Car Speed Hybrid Car Power Motor assisted power Charging battery

Electric Propulsion in Car When slowing down, the kinetic energy which the body has is collected as electric power. By storing in a battery temporarily, this electric power can be again used at the time of the next acceleration. Speed Power Motor assisted power Photo from <http://www.honda.co.jp/insight/webcatalog/color/> Charging battery

Electric Vehicle Electric vehicle is also the same and the body kinetic energy at the time of a slowdown is collected as electric power. Battery is an important key device. Electric Vehicle Photo from <http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.jp/i-miev/color/index.html>

Lithium ion Battery Lithium ion battery is small compared with a lead storage battery. High power. However, it is still expensive.

How is ship? No traffic signal, no pedestrian No brake device on the board Continue running Hardly slow down.

Kinetic Energy If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently

Kinetic Energy If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ

Kinetic Energy If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ

Kinetic Energy If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ 25,000 times

Kinetic Energy If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ 25,000 times Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ Hybrid system using battery is unreal for ship

But there are Electric Propulsion Ships? We need to clarify a definition of electric propulsion for ships.

If it adopts hybrid system with battery Large amount of battery is needed. Ship is larger than car. Large amount of battery can be boarded. But too expensive Motivation is different with kind of ships.

Generator system of Conventional Cargo Ships Photo from <http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/>

Generator system of Conventional Cargo Ships Electricity demand is small. 2 Generators are equipped. Only one set of either is usually operated. 440V, 60Hz Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D 220V/110V Photo from <http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/>

Large Diesel Engine for Main Engine Features Very big (24m, 15m) Super heavy (2000 ton) High Power (60,000 kw) Main Engine Propeller Photo from <http://www.mol.co.jp/ishin/engine/present/index.html> <http://www.mhi.co.jp/products/detail/mitsubishi-wartsila_diesel_engine.html>

Configuration of General Cargo Ships Electric System Propulsion System 440V, 60Hz Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D 220V/110V Main Engine Propeller

Photo from <http://www.mol.co.jp/ishin/engine/present/index.html> <http://www.mhi.co.jp/products/detail/mitsubishi-wartsila_diesel_engine.html> Large Diesel Engine for Main Engine Features Very big (24m, 15m) Super heavy (2000 ton) High Power (60,000 kw) High Efficiency ( over 50% ) Cleaner transport

Values in kinds of transportation Cost Energy Saving Speed Convenience Mass Transportation

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Laod A Laod B Laod C

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Laod A Laod B Power Converter Power Converter Laod C Motor Motor

Configuration of Electric Propulsion Constant Frequency 60Hz System for Ships Supply suitable frequency for control Power Converter Motor Motor speed can be controlled by the frequency of electric power. Generator outputs constant frequency (60Hz) Speed Control by frequency Power converter supply suitable frequency and demanded power

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Power Converter Power Converter Motor Converter 60Hz AC DC Inverter DC Various frequency AC

Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Harmonic Distortion Laod A Laod B Power Converter Power Converter Laod C Motor Motor

Photo from <http://www.risho.co.jp/product/products3/special_use/converter/converter.htm> Configuration of Electric Propulsion System for Ships Special Transformer for Power converter Power Converter Motor Laod A Laod B Power Converter Laod C Motor

Comparison with Conventional and Electric Propulsion system Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller Power Converter Motor Power Converter Laod A Laod B Laod C

Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantage 1 (Free Arrangement) Generator Generator Generator Generator Generator Generator Generator Generator Generator

Advantage 2 (Enhance cargo space) Cargo Space G Engine Room

Advantage 2 (Enhance cargo space) Cargo Space G G G C M Engine Room

Advantage 3 (Reduction of resistance from sea water) G Resistance from sea water Engine Room

Advantage 3 (Reduction of resistance from sea water) Improvement of vessel s shape G G G M C Resistance from sea water is reduced Engine Room

Advantage 4 (Communalization of replacement parts) Engine Engine Main Engine

Advantage 4 (Communalization of replacement parts)

Advantage 4 (Communalization of replacement parts) Engine Engine easy Engine Engine

Advantage 5 (Redundancy) There is no machine which does not break down. Failure of a machine cannot be prevented thoroughly. Delay of delivery turns to business loss.

Advantage 5 (Redundancy) Power Converter Motor Laod A Laod B Power Converter Laod C Motor

Advantage 5 (Redundancy) Power Converter Motor Power Converter Motor Laod A Laod B Laod C Still can GO!

Advantage 6 (Low vibration and noise) Conventional Ship Vibration induced mechanically is large amplitude and low frequency Vibration frequency is not constant Screws may loosen by vibration Slack of screw causes loose connection Noise is also loud No technology to remove such a vibration Main Engine

Advantage 6 (Low vibration and noise) Electric Propulsion Ship Engine speed is always constant Vibration frequency also constant Tends to deal with Noise also becomes small Engine M

Advantage 7 (Maneuvering) Torque Engine Speed Torque is small in a low engine-speed region

Advantage 7 (Maneuvering) Torque Engine Electric Motor Speed Electric motor can output maximum torque in low speed region

Advantage 7 (Maneuvering) Torque Engine Electric Motor Electric Motor Speed Electric motor can output maximum torque in low speed region Electric motor can change over the direction of its revolution These features provides good maneuvering capability

Photo from <http://pictrial.exblog.jp/10186697/> Advantage 7 (Maneuvering) Conventional Ship needs to help pushing and pulling by tugboat when she enter and departure port. It takes long time. Electric Propulsion Can control speed, direction, and position precisely Tugboat is necessarily unnecessary.

Disadvantage 1 (Increasing Initial Cost) Laod A Laod B Power Converter Power Converter Laod C Motor Motor

Disadvantage 1 (Increasing Initial Cost) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller Power Converter Motor Power Converter Laod A Laod B Laod C

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller Main Engine Intermediate shaft bearing Thrust bearing Propeller shaft bearing

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller 100% Main Engine Intermediate shaft bearing Thrust bearing Propeller shaft bearing

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller Friction Friction Friction Main Engine Intermediate shaft bearing Thrust bearing Propeller shaft bearing

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D Main Engine Propeller 100% 96 ~ 98% Main Engine Intermediate shaft bearing Thrust bearing Propeller shaft bearing

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Laod A Laod B Power Converter Power Converter Laod C Motor Motor

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Generator Engine Alternator 100% 94% Laod A Laod B Power Converter Power Converter Laod C Motor Motor

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Power Converter Motor Generator Engine 100% Alternator 93% 85~89% 81~86% Power Converter Motor Laod A Laod B Laod C

Disadvantage 2 (Decreasing Efficiency) Power Converter Motor Generator Engine 100% Alternator 93% 85~89% 81~86% Power Converter Motor Laod A Laod B Laod C Power loss is very large

Disadvantage 3 (Vague Uneasiness)

Disadvantage 3 (Vague Uneasiness) Difficult to specify failure parts and trouble causes. Power Converter Owner willing to adopt electric propulsion? NO!

The reasons with kinds of ship

Photo from <http://www.princess.com/learn/ships/index.html> <http://www.cruiseplanet.co.jp/ship_date/dt_pr_ruby.htm> Case of Large Passenger Ship Various services is provided

Case of Large Passenger Ship Infrastructures are needed in many facilities for service Demand electric power is large

Case of Large Passenger Ship

Case of Large Passenger Ship Lots of Generator is needed. Not necessary to divide engine for utility and propulsion.

Case of Large Passenger Ship Low vibration and noise Large and comfortable living environment ZZZ

Case of drilling ship Photo from <http://www.ecool.jp/foreign/2011/01/diamondo04-1003.html>

Case of drilling ship

Case of drilling ship OK?

Case of drilling ship Ocean current Snake?

Case of drilling ship Oh NO! Oil leak

Case of drilling ship Where am I? GPS: Global Positioning System Position on earth can be calculated

Photo from open document of ABB Case of drilling ship Azimuth thruster It can control the direction of thrust force without the rudder.

Case of drilling ship Cable layer DPS: Dynamic Positioning System Oceanographic research ship Photo from <http://dokai.co.jp/cable.html> <http://blog.goo.ne.jp/taro-x/e/53a94879e93eb80beaafee34b1797a59>

Case of LNG carrier (Conventional) LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas Main ingredient is Methane Liquefied under -161 o C

BOG : Boil Off Gas Case of LNG carrier (Conventional) LNG evaporates with heat which enters from outside a tank Boiler BOG is burned by a boiler together with heavy fuel oil as fuel.

Case of LNG carrier (Conventional) Conventional LNG carrier has a steam turbine plant. High reliability No vibration and low noise Boiler Steam Turbine

Case of LNG carrier (Problems to be solved) Thermal efficiency is low compared with the diesel engine plant. Engineers who have advanced technical knowledge and technology are needed. Boiler Steam Turbine Diesel Engine

Case of LNG carrier DFE : Dual Fuel Engine DEE can use BOG as fuel DFE Power converter Electric Motor

Case of LNG carrier (Unloading) To harbor Unloading pump and Ballast pump operate simultaneously in order to keep balance Unloading Pump Ballast tank Ballast Pump

Photo from <http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki> Case of Tanker for Icy Ocean There is no advantage introducing an electric propulsion system for tanker.

Case of Tanker for Icy Ocean Ice breaking capability. Advance and sternway are repeated frequently. High torque is needed in a low speed condition Photo from <Monthly Ships, Dec. 2003>

Case of Tanker for Icy Ocean Torque Engine Torque Electric Motor Speed Speed Engine torque is not sufficient in low speed Electric motor output max torque in wide speed range

Future View of Electric Propulsion Ship

Si SiC (Power semiconductor) Power Converter Motor Converter 60Hz AC DC Power Converter Inverter DC Various frequency AC If SiC is used as a material of power semiconductors, the efficiency of the power converter can be improved.

Thank you