Flexible and Reliable Power Supply Solution Intelligent Control. Secure Power

Flexible and Reliable Power Supply Solution Intelligent Control. Secure Power

Content Todays Data Center needs Different UPS topologies and energy storage Diesel generator systems System configuration examples Advantages & benefits Case study

Todays Data Center Needs Return on investment High operational efficiency Low PUE (Power Usage Efficiency) Low day-1 capital costs Reduced infrastructure footprint Maximize white space Flexible & scalable Reputational Value Highest possible reliability Maximise availability Minimise intervention

Different UPS topologies Static UPS Rotary UPS (RUPS) A static UPS system can be equipped with a battery or small flywheel, the output voltage is produced by means of an IGBT converter. In the case of a RUPS system the output power is always generated by a synchronous alternator. A RUPS can be operated with batteries or large capacity flywheels (up to 42MJ).

Different UPS topologies Characteristic Static UPS Rotary UPS Capacity 75 1100KVA 150 3000KVA Voltage application Low Voltage Low and Medium Voltage Energy storage Battery or small capacity flywheel Battery or large capacity flywheel Cooling Air Conditioning Air natural 3MVA installation Tier IV realisation (3-6 MW example) 4 x 750KVA Static UPS = 3MVA (3 x 1100KVA Static UPS = in total 12 Modules each 275 kva with multiple battery strings) - 10x 720kW Static systems required - 3x 1400kW Gensets - 7800kW of Batteries - Two UPS feeds 1 x 3000KVA Rotary UPS with flywheel(s) - 4x 1800kW RUPS - 3x 1400kW Genset - 4x Flywheels - two UPS feeds

Energy Store: Minutes vs Seconds? Characteristic Battery Flywheel Power flow one direction Bi-direction Re-charge Dispense on many factors Very fast recharge Foot print n x m² very low Ambient temperature 20 C 0-40 C (50 C) Cooling air conditioning air Life time 10 years > 20 years

Energy Store: Minutes vs seconds? Debate team Flywheel: Green initiative eliminates lead acid Improved reliability Floor space / footprint Structural / floor loading Reduced maintenance / cost Longer Life cycle (20 Years) Reduced Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Debate Team Battery: Are seconds long enough to start diesel engines? Need time if my engine doesn t start? Prefer 15 Minutes vs 15 Seconds!

Energy Store: Minutes vs Seconds? Reality: Majority of Mains Failures are < 3 Seconds Batteries are well know to be the Achilles heel of UPS Generator reliability / availability is the key Batteries are not a suitable solution for large Data Centers Statistic: Operational flywheel will always function when outage occurs Flywheel reliability is almost 20x higher than a battery

UPS and standby generator Static UPS Rotary UPS (RUPS) During short power failures (mains supply goes out of tolerance): Emergency power source (battery or flywheel ). Energy Store During long duration outages: A stand-by diesel engine generator set is typically utilised Standby Diesel Engine Generator Systems

UPS and standby generator Common requirements UPS Sufficient bridging time: to start the Diesel engine to transfer load / synchronize under full load conditions Smooth load transfer (ramp) Diesel engine Fast starting Good dynamic load response Rated to supply the load cover the losses of the UPS recharge the energy storage

UPS and standby generator System configuration Bypass Coupling Choke Utility Critical Load Genset Flywheel Motor Generator Standard Genset ( electrically connected to UPS ) Engine speed and electrical synchronization will to be controlled (Static/Battery UPS Systems offer no intelligence or control with the Genset Plant)

UPS and standby generator Basic Concept UPS Flywheel Utility UPS Critical Load Gensets Flywheel UPS Flywheel Active System Management & Control

UPS and Standby Generator Basic Concept UPS Flywheel Utility UPS Critical Load Gensets Flywheel UPS Flywheel Active System Management & Control

Standard Diesel Gensets External, electrically connected Gensets Free choice of Genset type, rating and manufacturer LV or MV Optimized performance design Allows many Genset options and redundancy configurations

System Configuration Rotary UPS and GenSet Advantages: Number of Gensets does not need to be equal to the number of UPS Ratings of the UPS and Gensets can be optimized independently Gensets can be used to supply short-break loads and no-break loads Short-break loads are isolated from the no-break loads Load can be supplied by Gensets while the UPS is in maintenance Flexible IP-Bus configurations, or MV or LV solutions are possible Rotary UPS + + Flywheel GenSet + Active System Management & Control

Active system management and control Active System Management and Control Various customized system configurations Optimized and scalable Seamless transition between mains and standby Supports multiple Genset starting Manages active redundancy of UPS and Genset Maximises Availability Manages Economic Power Management (Auto-start / stop, Efficiency management, etc.) Optimizes system efficiency

System configuration example: Generator plant upstream

System configuration example: Generator plant down stream

System configuration example: Generator plant N+1 Genset plant Upstream or Downstream of UPS Systems LV and / or MV Application Generator start and paralleling <10 seconds Synchronization and mains / Standby transfer Management Active efficiency and redundancy Control Number of Gensets do not need to be equal as UPS Separate UPS / Genset maintenance

Advantages & Benefits Gensets Static + Batteries Comparable Capex and Opex RUPS UPS Lower Capex Lower Opex (IP-Bus) Air Conditioning Required Naturally cooled Maintenance Costs Year 6 replace fans Year 7 replace cap s Year 8 replace batteries Year 5 Flywheel PB degrease Day-1 RUPS Capital Costs can be comparable with Static + Battery, but lower if holistic costs of the solution are considered. Switchgear, Installation, Cabling, Air conditioning, Capacitor and battery Replacement, Footprint/Maximized whitespace If the Total Cost of Ownership (10-years) is considered, then RUPS offers significant cost savings.

Advantages & Benefits adopting a battery-less RUPS solution.. Consider a 2MW Data Centre with Static UPS and 10 min Battery backup Consider a 2MW Data Centre that generates with Static UPS and 10 min a significant space advantage up to Battery backup 75%. adopting a battery-less RUPS solution generates a significant space advantage up to 75%.

Case Study 1 2 new Data Centers in Detroit (Michigan) and Phönix (Arizona). Based on their design and construction process, the customer has received a LEED Gold certification ( Leadership In Environmental and Energy Design ) from the US Green Building Council. ( Less than five per cent of Data Centers in the US have such certification). Each of the Data Centers are designed to accommodate 8 x UBT+ 2700kW (3MVA) UPS modules, with 2 x 21MJ POWERBRIDGE. The modules and Diesel Gensets are housed in identical outdoor enclosures

Case Study 2 In total more than 270 MVA Piller UPS power was installed during the last 7 years. Data Centers with Gold LEED standard with the latest expecting to exhibit a PUE of 1.2. Piller UPS provides power for almost 100,000 m² of raised floor (160,000 m² gross) serving mostly key clients that include, Microsoft, Yahoo!, Facebook and rack space Currently another 10MW (out of 40MW) are installed for the next Data Center, transitioning the design from Low voltage to Medium voltage.

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