Theory and Practice of Systems Engineering in Kongsberg Projects by Gerrit Muller Buskerud University College e-mail: gaudisite@gmail.com www.gaudisite.nl Abstract The Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge provides many means to create products and to run project creating systems. We discuss the theory and reflect on experiences from practice, focusing on Kongsberg industry. start SE theory in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg SE revisited Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. status: preliminary draft CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish
Figure Of Contents TM start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 2 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogo
Summary SE theory Systems Engineering theory Follow phase model needs > requirements > concepts > detailed design SMART Requirements Evaluate multiple concepts Think "Functional'', What versus How typical buzzwords stakeholders, concerns, life cycle, risks, reviews, V-model 3 Gerrit Muller TPSEPtheorySE
Phase Model for Development tender execution deployment reviews 0. feasibility 1. definition 2. system design 3. engineering 4. integration & test 5. field monitoring requirement specification working system 4 Gerrit Muller TPSEPphases
V-Model needs validation specification verification system design system test subsystem design subsystem test component design component test component realization 5 Gerrit Muller TPSEPvModel
The SMART acronym Specific Measurable quantified verifiable acronym consensus Assignable (Achievable, Attainable, Action oriented, Acceptable, Agreed-upon, Accountable) Realistic (Relevant, Result-Oriented) Time-related (Timely, Time-bound, Tangible, Traceable) variation of meaning 6 Gerrit Muller FFTSsmartList
Concept Selection Pugh Matrix fuel cell battery generator peak power 3 3 3 efficiency 2 4 4 weight 1 4 4 pollution 5 4 2 infra structure needs 1 3 4 12 18 17 7 Gerrit Muller TPSEPconceptSelection
Functional Thinking; What and How What sense position determince trajectory sense orientation determine setpoints control rudders sense speed control engine How GPS CAN CAN master 256MB DDR III gyros ARM CPU 256MB NAND Flash DL2128V 8 12 bit DA 8 Gerrit Muller TPSEPwhatAndHow
Examples from Kongsberg start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 9 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoExample1
Typical Tendering with Navy requirements from customer order tender project execution installation, operation, and maintenance bid spec updated spec must want yes yes yes yes no yes no no by definition! yes yes' no no no yes" no no spec changes real discussion after order new insights customer understanding required 10 Gerrit Muller KDAWSbidSpec
Rigor may Back Fire fine-grain prioritization needs validate confused customers missing feedback formal precise specification verify perfect Change proposal caused that multiple alarms could be visible at console for single signal concise design test OK realization very good Change was introduced in the field. Field change was required later to repair. 11 Gerrit Muller KMWSvModelAnnotated
Latency of Introduction, Detection and Repair how much customer credit has been lost? time change request fine-grain prioritization release change request to repair fine-grain prioritization release repair 12 Gerrit Muller TPSEPalarmTimeLine
SE revisited; CAFCR+ model start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 13 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoCAFCR
CAFCR+ model drives, justifies, needs enables, supports What does Customer need in Product and Why? Customer What Customer How Product What Product How Customer objectives Application Functional Conceptual Realization Life cycle 14 Gerrit Muller CAFCRplusAnnotated
SE activities in CAFCR Customer objectives Application Functional Conceptual Realization value drivers applications functions qualities subsystems and components multi-disciplinary engineering 15 Gerrit Muller TPSEPannotatedCAFCR
SE revisited understand customer and business (value) help to transform into specification multi-displinary design ensuring functionality and qualities Customer objectives Application Functional Conceptual Realization value drivers applications functions qualities subsystems and components multi-disciplinary engineering 16 Gerrit Muller TPSEPdefinitionSE
Continuous Iteration Customer objectives Application Functional Conceptual Realization ask needs reconstruct needs validate explore use cases use proto why why why draft spec spec verify get solution as answer draft design design integrate explore solutions and iterate and evolve further... build proto build 17 Gerrit Muller UAVViterativeCAFCR
More Examples from Kongsberg start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 18 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoExample2
Example: K-Master Dynamic Positioning Independent DP joystick Thruster control thruster levers touch control panels Machinery automation and cargo control alarm and utility panel Chart radar and conning display Bridge auxiliaries Designed for efficiency and safety joystick thruster levers seat adjustments source: http://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0240.nsf/ AllWeb/F6D8ACE8F32AE306C12575C500323661?OpenDocument independent DP joystick touch panel 19 Gerrit Muller TPSEPkMaster
Integration of Existing Products Anchor Handling ship K master Anchor Handling Dynamic Positioning Automation Navigation training documentation 20 Gerrit Muller TPSEPappsVsProducts
Software Stack Anchor Handling ship Anchor Handling DP AIM AK systems applications services qualified and configured OS computing hardware real-time control projects products?? technology Rbus I/O 21 Gerrit Muller TPSEPmaritimeStack
Understanding Stakeholder Needs work flow rig geographical example of anchor placement 22 Gerrit Muller TPSEPanchorHandling
Example of System Quality: Configurability Anchor Handling ship K master emerging configurability: multiple configuration utilities configuring similar data in different ways Dynamic Positioning Automation Anchor Handling Navigation training documentation 23 Gerrit Muller TPSEPconfigurabilityAH
Concept Selection Examples from Subsea RIG two sided connectors connectors in hub Workover Stack connectors in hub with roll-off wireless connection EDP LRP concept for connection XT 24 Gerrit Muller FMCconcepts
Quality and Understanding Improves by Iteration value of concept concept 4 understanding of needs and solutions concept 1 concept 3 concept 2 time we learn by evaluating concepts; multiple iterations are needed 25 Gerrit Muller TPSEPconceptsLearning
Size considerations start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 26 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoSize
Level of Abstraction Single System 10 0 number of details 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 system requirements multidisciplinary design 10 6 10 7 static system definition monodisciplinary 27 Gerrit Muller RAPpyramid
From system to Product Family or Portfolio 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 number of details system system portfolio systems 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 multidisciplinary 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 monodisciplinary increase multidisciplinary monodisciplinary 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 28 Gerrit Muller DRALpyramidGrowth
Product Family in Context number of details 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 0 10 3 10 6 enterprise context enterprise stakeholders systems multidisciplinary design 10 9 parts, connections, lines of code 29 Gerrit Muller RAPdiabolo
Frequently observed gaps number of details 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 0 10 3 10 6 10 9 enterprise context enterprise stakeholders systems multidisciplinary monodisciplinary marketing gap context gap multidisciplinary gap 30 Gerrit Muller DRALgaps
One More Example from Kongsberg start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 31 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoExample3
Highly Successful Remote Weapon Station Extreme fast growing business: Remote Weapon Station * PROTECTOR Hellfire * PROTECTOR Javelin * PROTECTOR Lite * PROTECTOR NM221 * Sea PROTECTOR * PROTECTOR M151 * PROTECTOR CROWS * PROTECTOR Training Systems source: http://www.kongsberg.com/en/kps/products/remoteweaponstation.aspx 32 Gerrit Muller TPSEPprotector
Growth in many directions profit turnover customers systems in the field 33 Gerrit Muller TPSEPprotectorGrowth
Consequences of Growth employees configurations sites nationalities platforms weapons sensors 34 Gerrit Muller TPSEPprotectorGrowthConsequences
Conclusions Systems Engineering start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg questions from Kongsberg? finish 35 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoConclusions
What I Hope that you will Remember Know your stakeholders and their needs and concerns. The specification must fit the needs. Concepts and technology must be appropriate. The system must fulfill all qualities. And all of this has to happen in time. no analysis paralysis 36 Gerrit Muller TPSEPconclusionsSE
Colophon This presentation is partially based on the master project work of: Ola Gustav Kalager Håvard Ruden under supervision of Thor Hukkelås and on research work within the Kongsberg Group where many employees contributed thorugh interviews or work shops. One example is based on the master project of Dag Jostein Klever (FMC) 37 Gerrit Muller TPSEPcolophon
Questions from Kongsberg start SE theory in a nutshell SE revisited CAFCR+ size considerations SE conclusions in a nutshell some examples from Kongsberg more examples from Kongsberg one more example from Kongsberg It is your turn! questions from Kongsberg? finish 38 Gerrit Muller TPSEPlogoQuestions