European Parliament 2014-2019 Committee on Transport and Tourism 2016/0382(COD) 30.5.2017 DRAFT OPINION of the Committee on Transport and Tourism for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) (COM(2016)0767 C8-0500/2016 2016/0382(COD)) Rapporteur: Bas Eickhout PA\1124564.docx PE604.535v01-00 United in diversity
PA_Legam PE604.535v01-00 2/28 PA\1124564.docx
SHORT JUSTIFICATION The Union and its Member States committed to the Paris Agreement, which aims at keeping the increase of global temperature to well below 2 C while pursuing 1.5 C. For this target to be met, the transport sector has to do its part. Transport currently accounts for 32% of EU s total energy consumption and is responsible for 22% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, its energy demand relies almost entirely (for 94%) on (imported) oil, leading to energy dependency and vulnerability to price fluctuation. Finally, transport also represents an important environmental concern in terms of air pollution. While the transition to low-emission alternative energy in transport has begun, greenhouse gas emissions in transport did not show the same decline as in other sectors. Lack of strong incentives to innovate in energies and technologies needed for the long-term decarbonisation and energy diversification of transport, as well as infrastructure issues related to electrification, play a role. In 2016, the Commission presented its Clean Energy For All Europeans package. It includes a revision of the Renewable Energy Directive for the period 2021-2030, which sets an overall EU target of at least 27% renewables, binding at EU level but not at national level. According to the rapporteur, the level of ambition of the directive should be higher (45% share in 2030) and the national mandatory targets should be retained. For transport, the Commission proposal aims at slowly shifting EU support from crop-based biofuels towards better renewable transport fuels such as advanced biofuels and renewable electricity. The proposal gradually lowers the cap on how much crop-based biofuels can be counted towards the renewable energy targets from 7 to 3.8% in 2030. According to the rapporteur, emissions from indirect land-use change should be included in the calculation for greenhouse gas savings which determines whether crop based biofuels can be counted towards the cap. Simultaneously, the Commission proposal sets an obligation on fuel suppliers to provide or blend gradually up to 6.8% advanced biofuels, renewable electricity and waste-based fossil fuels by 2030. According to the rapporteur, it is important to make sure that those biofuel feedstocks are truly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Few feedstock materials are truly available emissions free. If materials are diverted from their current uses to produce biofuel, the other users will be impacted. Indirect carbon estimates based on a displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, should be used in the calculation towards the greenhouse gas savings threshold of advanced fuels. Moreover, according to the rapporteur it is not appropriate to include fossil fuels mandates - even waste based - to the Renewable Energy Directive. The rapporteur considers that wastebased fossil fuels should be promoted through other instruments in the context of Union Circular Economy Strategy, and has opened ways to do so through the review article. Renewable electricity is the cleanest fuel available for the transport sector and is currently the most sustainably scalable solution. Wide-scale deployment of electric transportation, however, needs incentives at both the demand and the supply side. Investing in a minimum PA\1124564.docx 3/28 PE604.535v01-00
recharging/refuelling network is the most efficient way to promote alternative fuel vehicles. The rapporteur introduces measures to attract such investments. Advanced biofuels are expected to play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions of aviation, but according the rapporteur a multiplier is not an appropriate nor sufficient incentive for the sector to bear its responsibility for developing such fuels. Fuels supplied for aviation should contain the same share of renewables as is required for the transport sector as a whole, i.e. 6,8% in 2030. The renewable energy supplied to aviation will count towards the overall transport incorporation obligation. The rapporteur also aims at simplifying and reducing administrative burden. One of the measures that the rapporteur proposes in this regard is the introduction of an EU wide database instead of 28 national databases in which fuel suppliers document the transfers made to fulfil their incorporation obligation. PE604.535v01-00 4/28 PA\1124564.docx
AMDMTS The Committee on Transport and Tourism calls on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy,as the committee responsible, to take into account the following amendments: 1 Recital 7 (7) It is thus appropriate to establish a Union binding target of at least 27% share of renewable energy. Member States should define their contribution to the achievement of this target as part of their Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans through the governance process set out in Regulation [Governance]. (7) It is thus appropriate to establish a Union binding target of at least 45 % share of renewable energy to be accompanied by national binding targets. Member States should demonstrate their policies and measures for the achievement of this target as part of their Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans through the governance process set out in Regulation [Governance]. 2 Recital 25 (25) In order to ensure that Annex IX takes into account the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 17, the Union sustainability criteria, and the need to ensure that the Annex does not create additional demand for land while promoting the use of wastes and residues, the Commission, when regularly evaluating the Annex, should consider the inclusion of additional feedstocks that do not cause significant distortive effects on markets for (by-)products, wastes or residues. (25) In order to ensure that Annex IX takes into account the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 17, the Union sustainability criteria, the biomass cascading use principle, and the need to ensure that the Annex does not create additional demand for land while promoting the use of wastes and residues, the Commission, when regularly evaluating the Annex, should consider the inclusion of additional feedstocks that are able to deliver substantial greenhouse gas emission savings based on a life cycle assessment, taking into account indirect PA\1124564.docx 5/28 PE604.535v01-00
17 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3). emissions relating to any displacement effects, and that do not cause significant distortive effects on markets for (by- )products, wastes or residues. 17 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3). Few feedstock materials are truly available emissions free. If materials are diverted from their current uses to produce biofuel, the other users will be impacted. A displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, is necessary for understanding the climate impact of using that material for alternative fuel. In line with EU Circular Economy and Forest Strategies, the biomass cascading use principle should be taken into account. 3 Recital 62 (62) The European Strategy for a lowcarbon mobility of July 2016 pointed out that food-based biofuels have a limited role in decarbonising the transport sector and should be gradually phased out and replaced by advanced biofuels. To prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land-use change impacts, it is appropriate to reduce the amount of biofuels and bioliquids produced from food and feed crops that can be counted towards the Union target set out in this Directive. (62) Where pasture or agricultural land previously destined for food and feed markets is diverted to biofuel production, the non-fuel demand will continue to need to be satisfied either through intensification of current production or by bringing non-agricultural land into production elsewhere. The latter case constitutes indirect land-use change and, when it involves conversion of land with high carbon stock, can lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions. The European Strategy for a low-carbon mobility of July 2016 pointed out that food-based biofuels have a limited role in decarbonising the transport sector and should be gradually PE604.535v01-00 6/28 PA\1124564.docx
phased out and replaced by advanced biofuels. To prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land-use change impacts, it is appropriate to reduce the amount of biofuels and bioliquids produced from food and feed crops that can be counted towards the Union target set out in this Directive, and to include an estimate of indirect land-use changes for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions. 4 Recital 63 a (new) (63a) Energy efficiency and energy saving policies are some of the most effective methods by which Member States can increase the share of renewable energy in their economy. Fuel efficiency and modal shift should be prioritised in the transport sector, along with full incorporation of external costs into fuel prices. Advanced biofuels are expected to have an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions of aviation, and therefore the incorporation obligation must also be met specifically in relation to fuels supplied to aviation. Policies should be developed at Union and Member States level to encourage operational measures to save fuels in shipping, along with research and development efforts to increase wind and solar-powered marine transport. Linked to amendments to Article 25. PA\1124564.docx 7/28 PE604.535v01-00
5 Recital 64 (64) Advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of nonbiological origin, and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions, stimulating the decarbonisation of the Union transport sector in a costeffective manner, and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation, growth and jobs in the Union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. The incorporation obligation on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels, including biofuels, and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it. The Commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance, technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels. (64) Advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of nonbiological origin, and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions, stimulating the decarbonisation of the Union transport sector in a costeffective manner, and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation, growth and jobs in the Union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. However, non-food feedstocks can lead to emissions associated with changes in land use or other indirect emissions. In order to account for indirect emissions related to the displacement of current uses for some of the feedstock, an estimate of such indirect emissions should be included in the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions. It is possible that those estimates change as additional data become available or as the markets for those feedstocks change over time. They should therefore be kept under regular review. The incorporation obligation on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels, including biofuels, and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it. The Commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance, technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels. PE604.535v01-00 8/28 PA\1124564.docx
A displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, is necessary for understanding the climate impact of using that material for alternative fuel. E.g. diverting molasses from use as livestock feed and input for yeast production will increase demand for sugarbeet juice, corn and barley, with associated land and fertilizer emissions; animal fats are used in soaps and other oleochemicals; sawdust to make paper or particleboard. 6 Recital 65 (65) The promotion of low carbon fossil fuels that are produced from fossil waste streams can also contribute towards the policy objectives of energy diversification and transport decarbonisation. It is therefore appropriate to include those fuels in the incorporation obligation on fuel suppliers. (65) The promotion of low carbon fossil fuels that are produced from fossil waste streams can also contribute towards the policy objectives of energy diversification and transport decarbonisation. Member States should consider incorporating those fuels in the policies that they introduce to implement the obligation on fuel suppliers. The Commission should assess further incentives for such fuels in the context of policies for decarbonisation of the transport sector and circular economy. 7 Recital 84 (84) In order to avoid a disproportionate administrative burden, a list of default values should be laid down for common biofuel, bioliquid and biomass fuel production pathways and that list should be updated and expanded when further (84) In order to avoid a disproportionate administrative burden, a list of default values should be laid down for common biofuel, bioliquid and biomass fuel production pathways and that list should be updated and expanded when further PA\1124564.docx 9/28 PE604.535v01-00
reliable data is available. Economic operators should always be entitled to claim the level of greenhouse gas emission saving for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels established by that list. Where the default value for greenhouse gas emission saving from a production pathway lies below the required minimum level of greenhouse gas emission saving, producers wishing to demonstrate their compliance with this minimum level should be required to show that actual emissions from their production process are lower than those that were assumed in the calculation of the default values. reliable data is available. Economic operators should always be entitled to claim the level of direct greenhouse gas emission saving for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels established by that list. Where the default value for direct greenhouse gas emission saving from a production pathway lies below the required minimum level of greenhouse gas emission saving, producers wishing to demonstrate their compliance with this minimum level should be required to show that actual emissions from their production process are lower than those that were assumed in the calculation of the default values. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 8 Recital 99 (99) In order to amend or supplement non-essential elements of the provisions of this Directive, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the list of feedstocks for the production of advanced biofuels, the contribution of which towards the fuel suppliers' obligation in transport is limited; the adaptation of the energy content of transport fuels to scientific and technical progress; the methodology to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process; the implementation of agreements on mutual recognition of guarantees of origin; the establishment of rules to monitor the (99) In order to amend or supplement non-essential elements of the provisions of this Directive, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the list of feedstocks for the production of advanced biofuels including associated estimated indirect emissions; the adaptation of the energy content of transport fuels to scientific and technical progress; the methodology to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process; the implementation of agreements on mutual recognition of guarantees of origin; the establishment of rules to monitor the functioning of the system of guarantees of origin; and the PE604.535v01-00 10/28 PA\1124564.docx
functioning of the system of guarantees of origin; and the rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States' experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States' experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. 9 Recital 101 (101) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely to achieve at least 27% share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2030, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of the scale of the action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. (101) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely to achieve at least 45 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2030, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of the scale of the action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. PA\1124564.docx 11/28 PE604.535v01-00
10 Article 3 paragraph 1 1. Member States shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 27%. 1. Member States shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 45 %. In order to decarbonise the Union energy sector well before 2050 the rate of growing renewables share needs to increase not slow down. A target representing 6% increase from the expected share of renewables in 2020 over 10 years would not provide investor certainty nor maintain EU leadership in renewables development. 11 Article 3 a (new) Article 3a Mandatory national overall targets Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources, calculated in accordance with Articles 7 to 13, in gross final consumption of energy in 2030, is equal to at least its national overall target for the share of energy from renewable sources in that year, as set out in the third column of the table in part A of Annex I. Such mandatory national overall targets shall be consistent with a target of at least a 40 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final PE604.535v01-00 12/28 PA\1124564.docx
Restoring the deleted Article 3 from Directive 2009/28/EC. consumption of energy in 2030. In order to achieve the targets laid down in this Article more easily, each Member State shall promote and encourage energy efficiency and energy saving. 12 Article 7 paragraph 5 subparagraph 2 The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts A and B of Annex IX in order to add feedstocks, but not to remove them. Each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress, taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC, in compliance with the Union sustainability criteria, supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues, while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for (by-)products, wastes or residues, delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels, and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts A and B of Annex IX in order to add or remove feedstocks and to add or revise the corresponding estimated indirect emissions set out in Part Ba of Annex VIII. Each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress, taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in Directive 2008/98/EC and the biomass cascading use principle, in compliance with the Union sustainability criteria. That analysis shall support the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promotes the use of wastes and residues, while avoiding distortive effects on markets for (by-)products, wastes or residues, and delivers substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels. Adding any new feedstock shall be based on a life cycle assessment, including emissions from the land sector and indirect emissions as set out in Part Ba of Annex VIII for any displacement effects, and shall not create any risk of negative impacts on the environment and PA\1124564.docx 13/28 PE604.535v01-00
biodiversity. 13 Article 7 paragraph 5 subparagraph 3 Every 2 years, the Commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts A and B of Annex IX in order to add feedstocks, in line with the principles set out in this paragraph. The first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [date of entry into force of this Directive]. If appropriate, the Commission shall adopt delegated acts to amend the list of feedstocks in parts A and B of Annex IX in order to add feedstocks, but not to remove them. Every 2 years, the Commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts A and B of Annex IX in order to add or remove feedstocks, in line with the principles set out in the first subparagraph of this paragraph. The first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [date of entry into force of this Directive]. Until 1 January 2025, the Commission shall not remove feedstocks from Annex IX and shall only revise downwards the estimated indirect emissions set out in Annex VIII. 14 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 1 With effect from 1 January 2021, Member States shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, from waste-based fossil fuels and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the With effect from 1 January 2021, Member States shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year. PE604.535v01-00 14/28 PA\1124564.docx
course of a calendar year. It is not appropriate to include fossil fuels mandates - even waste based - to the Renewable Energy Directive. The rapporteur considers that waste-based fossil fuels should be promoted through other instruments in the context of Union Circular Economy Strategy, and has included an amendment to the effect in the review article (Article 30 paragraph 2 a (new)). 15 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 2 The minimum share shall be at least equal to 1.5% in 2021, increasing up to at least 6.8% in 2030, following the trajectory set out in part B of Annex X. Within this total share, the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part A of Annex IX shall be at least 0.5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 January 2021, increasing up to at least 3.6% by 2030, following the trajectory set out in part C of Annex X. The minimum share shall be at least equal to 1.5% in 2021, increasing up to at least 6.8% in 2030, following the trajectory set out in part B of Annex X. Within this total share, the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part A of Annex IX shall be at least 0.5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 January 2021. The minimum share of renewable energy in fuels supplied for aviation shall be at least equal to the overall minimum share for transport fuels. Advanced biofuels are expected to have an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions of aviation, but a multiplier is not an appropriate nor sufficient incentive for the sector to bear its responsibility for developing such fuels. Fuels supplied for aviation should contain the same share of renewables as is required for transport sector as a whole, i.e. 6,8% in 2030. The renewable energy supplied to aviation will count towards the overall transport incorporation obligation. PA\1124564.docx 15/28 PE604.535v01-00
16 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 3 The greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX shall be at least 70% as of 1 January 2021. The greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, taking into account the estimated indirect emissions set out in Part Ba of Annex VIII, shall be at least 70% as of 1 January 2021. 17 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 4 point a a) for the calculation of the denominator, that is the energy content of road and rail transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market, petrol, diesel, natural gas, biofuels, biogas, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, waste-based fossil fuels and electricity, shall be taken into account; a) for the calculation of the denominator, that is the energy content of road and rail transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market, petrol, diesel, natural gas, waste-based fossil fuels and electricity, shall be taken into account; In order to simplify the implementation, the incorporation obligation should be calculated as a share of fossil fuels for transport. PE604.535v01-00 16/28 PA\1124564.docx
18 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 4 point b subparagraph 1 b) for the calculation of the numerator, the energy content of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, waste based fossil fuels supplied to all transport sectors, and renewable electricity supplied to road vehicles, shall be taken into account. b) for the calculation of the numerator, the energy content of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, and renewable electricity supplied to all transport sectors, shall be taken into account. It is not appropriate to include fossil fuels mandates - even waste based - to the Renewable Energy Directive. The rapporteur considers that waste-based fossil fuels should be promoted through other instruments in the context of Union Circular Economy Strategy, and has included an amendment to the effect in the review article (Article 30 paragraph 2 a (new)). 19 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 4 point b subparagraph 2 For the calculation of the numerator, the contribution from biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock included in part B of Annex IX shall be limited to 1.7% of the energy content of transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market and the contribution of fuels supplied in the aviation and maritime sector shall be considered to be 1.2 times their energy content. For the calculation of the numerator, the contribution from biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock included in part B of Annex IX shall be limited to 1.7% of the energy content of transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market. PA\1124564.docx 17/28 PE604.535v01-00
Advanced biofuels are expected to have an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions of aviation, but a multiplier is not an appropriate nor sufficient incentive for the sector to bear its responsibility for developing such fuels. 20 Article 25 paragraph 1 subparagraph 4 point b subparagraph 2 a (new) For the calculation of renewable electricity supplied to road vehicles, only electricity from renewable energy sources consumed at dedicated charging stations shall be taken into account and shall be considered to be five times the energy content of the input. In order to simplify implementation, renewable electricity for electric road vehicles should be included when charged at dedicated charging stations. The average share of charging electric vehicles at charging stations is well below 20%, the rest being done at home or in facilities without separate accounting. It is appropriate to multiply the electricity charged at dedicated charging stations by five. This would also act as an incentive for the expansion of charging station network, lack of which is hampering the take up of electric vehicles. 21 Article 25 paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Member States may design their national policies to meet the obligations under this Article as a greenhouse gas saving obligation and may apply those policies also to waste based fossil fuels, provided that the share of energy from renewable sources under paragraph 1 is met. PE604.535v01-00 18/28 PA\1124564.docx
A greenhouse gas saving obligation would be more optimal from the climate perspective, but has been considered to be more administratively burdensome by the Commission. Member States should nevertheless have the option of designing their policies implementing the renewable energy incorporation obligation as a greenhouse gas saving target, taking into account also the saving potential of waste based fossil fuels, provided that the minimum renewables share is met. 22 Article 25 paragraph 2 2. For the purpose of paragraph 1, Member States shall set up a system allowing fuel suppliers to transfer the obligation set out in paragraph 1 to other fuel suppliers and ensure that all transfers are documented in the national databases referred to in paragraph 4. 2. For the purpose of paragraph 1, Member States shall set up a system allowing fuel suppliers to transfer the obligation set out in paragraph 1 to other fuel suppliers, and to trade transport fuels, including electricity, that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in point (b) of paragraph 1, and ensure that all transfers are documented in the database referred to in paragraph 4. As regards electricity supplied to transport, Member States shall allow access to operators of connections supplying electricity exclusively to road transport and shall require any other entities to demonstrate separate accounting for the electricity supplied to transport. 23 Article 25 paragraph 3 subparagraph 1 To determine the share of renewable electricity for the purposes of paragraph 1 To determine the share of renewable electricity for the purposes of paragraph 1 PA\1124564.docx 19/28 PE604.535v01-00
either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the Union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the Member State where the electricity is supplied, as measured two years before the year in question may be used. In both cases, an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with Article 19 shall be cancelled. the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the Member State where the electricity is supplied, as measured two years before the year in question shall be used. However, electricity obtained from a direct connection to an installation generating renewable electricity which is not connected to the grid may be counted fully as renewable electricity. An equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with Article 19 shall be cancelled. 24 Article 25 paragraph 3 subparagraph 3 point a subparagraph 1 a) When electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, either directly or for the production of intermediate products, either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the Union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production, as measured two years before the year in question, may be used to determine the share of renewable energy. In both cases, an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with Article 19 shall be cancelled. a) When electricity is used directly for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production, as measured two years before the year in question, shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy. An equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with Article 19 shall be cancelled. PE604.535v01-00 20/28 PA\1124564.docx
25 Article 25 paragraph 4 subparagraph 1 Member States shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in paragraph 1(b), and require the relevant economic operators to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels, including their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, starting from their point of production to the fuel supplier that places the fuel on the market. The Commission shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels, including electricity, that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in point (b) of paragraph 1. Member States shall require fuel suppliers to enter in the database the total annual quantities of energy that they supply to the transport sector as defined in the denominator referred to in point (a) of paragraph 1. Suppliers of renewable energy in transport as defined in the numerator referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall be required to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels, including their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, starting from their point of production to the fuel supplier that places the fuel on the market. In order to simplify and reduce administrative burden, a database should be set up at Union level by the Commission. 26 Article 25 paragraph 4 subparagraph 3 The national databases shall be interlinked so as to allow transactions of fuels between Member States to be traced. In order to ensure the compatibility of national databases, the Commission shall set out technical specifications of their The database shall allow transactions of fuels between Member States to be traced. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 32 in order to supplement this Directive by establishing technical specifications of the PA\1124564.docx 21/28 PE604.535v01-00
content and use by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 31. content and use of the database. 27 Article 25 paragraph 5 5. Member States shall report on the aggregated information from the national databases, including fuels' life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, in accordance with Annex VII of Regulation [Governance]. deleted 28 Article 25 paragraph 7 7. By 31 December 2025, in the context of the biennial assessment of progress made pursuant to Regulation [Governance], the Commission shall assess whether the obligation laid down in paragraph 1 effectively stimulates innovation and promotes greenhouse gas savings in the transport sector, and whether the applicable greenhouse gas savings requirements for biofuels and biogas are appropriate. The Commission shall, if appropriate, present a proposal to modify the obligation laid down in paragraph 1. 7. By 31 December 2025, in the context of the biennial assessment of progress made pursuant to Regulation [Governance], the Commission shall assess whether the obligation laid down in paragraph 1 effectively stimulates innovation and ensures greenhouse gas savings in the transport sector, and whether the applicable greenhouse gas savings requirements for biofuels and biogas are appropriate. The Commission shall, if appropriate, present a proposal to modify the obligation laid down in paragraph 1. PE604.535v01-00 22/28 PA\1124564.docx
29 Article 28 paragraph 1 point a (a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission saving for the production pathway is laid down in part A or B of Annex V for biofuels and bioliquids and in part A of Annex VI for biomass fuels where the el value for those biofuels or bioliquids calculated in accordance with point 7 of part C of Annex V and for those biomass fuels calculated in accordance with point 7 of part B of Annex VI is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value; (a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission saving for the production pathway is laid down in part A or B of Annex V for biofuels and bioliquids and in part A of Annex VI for biomass fuels where the el value for those biofuels or bioliquids calculated in accordance with point 7 of part C of Annex V and for those biomass fuels calculated in accordance with point 7 of part B of Annex VI is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value and deducting from it the default reduction of greenhouse gas emissions savings from indirect land-use change as set out in Part A of Annex VIII or from indirect emissions as set out in part Ba of Annex VIII; Few feedstock materials are truly available emissions free. If materials are diverted from their current uses to produce biofuel, the other users will be impacted. Indirect carbon estimates based on a displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, should be used in the calculation for GHG savings to reflect the climate impact of using that material for alternative fuel. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 30 Article 28 paragraph 1 point b (b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part C of Annex V for biofuels and bioliquids and in part B of Annex VI (b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part C of Annex V for biofuels and bioliquids and in part B of Annex VI PA\1124564.docx 23/28 PE604.535v01-00
for biomass fuels ; for biomass fuels and deducting from it the default reduction of greenhouse gas emissions savings from indirect land-use change as set out in Part A of Annex VIII or from indirect emissions as set out in in Part Ba of Annex VIII; Few feedstock materials are truly available emissions free. If materials are diverted from their current uses to produce biofuel, the other users will be impacted. Indirect carbon estimates based on a displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, should be used in the calculation for GHG savings to reflect the climate impact of using that material for alternative fuel. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 31 Article 28 paragraph 1 point c (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formulas referred to in point 1 of part C of Annex V, where disaggregated default values in part D or E of Annex V may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part C of Annex V, for all other factors; or (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formulas referred to in point 1 of part C of Annex V, where disaggregated default values in part D or E of Annex V may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part C of Annex V, for all other factors and deducting from the value calculated the default reduction of greenhouse gas emissions savings from indirect land-use change as set out in Part A of Annex VIII or from indirect emissions as set out in Part Ba of Annex VIII; or Few feedstock materials are truly available emissions free. If materials are diverted from their current uses to produce biofuel, the other users will be impacted. Indirect carbon estimates based on a displacement analysis identifying what materials would be used to replace the feedstock, and the emissions associated with it, should be used in the calculation PE604.535v01-00 24/28 PA\1124564.docx
for GHG savings to reflect the climate impact of using that material for alternative fuel. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 32 Article 28 paragraph 1 point d (d) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formulas referred to in point 1 of part B of Annex VI, where disaggregated default values in part C of Annex VI may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part B of Annex VI, for all other factors. (d) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formulas referred to in point 1 of part B of Annex VI, where disaggregated default values in part C of Annex VI may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part B of Annex VI, for all other factors and deducting from the value calculated the default reduction of greenhouse gas emissions savings from indirect land-use change as set out in Part A of Annex VIII. 33 Article 30 paragraph 2 a (new) This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendments to Article 25. 2a. By 31 December 2018, in the context of policies for decarbonisation of the transport sector and circular economy the Commission shall publish a report, accompanied by legislative proposals, as appropriate, on promoting waste-based fossil fuels for transport. PA\1124564.docx 25/28 PE604.535v01-00
34 Article 32 paragraph 2 2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(6) and 28(5) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 1 st January 2021. 2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(4), 25(6) and 28(5) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 1 st January 2021. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 35 Article 32 paragraph 3 subparagraph 1 The delegation of power referred to in Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(6) and 28(5) The delegation of power referred to in Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(4), 25(6) and 28(5) This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 36 Article 32 paragraph 6 6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(6) and 28(5) shall enter into force only if no 6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 7(5), 7(6); 19(11), 19(14), 25(4), 25(6) and 28(5) shall enter into force only PE604.535v01-00 26/28 PA\1124564.docx
objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council. if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council. This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). 37 Annex VIII Part B a (new) Part Ba. Estimated indirect emissions from biofuel and bioliquid feedstocks (gco2eq/mj) Feedstock Indirect emissions (range) Default reduction of greenouse gas emission savings Straw 1 (0 to 3) 1,06 % Tall oil 87 (87 to 87) 92,55 % Crude glycerine Sawdust and cutter shavings 88 (84 to 93) 93,62 % 39 (34 to 42) 41,49 % Thinnings 76 (72 to 76) 80,85 % Black liquor 4 (3 to 8) 4,26 % Animal fats 11 (10 to 13) 11,70 % PA\1124564.docx 27/28 PE604.535v01-00
Molasses 32 (29 to 36) 34,04 % This amendment is inextricably linked to the amendment on Article 25 (1). The estimates are made on the basis of this study from The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT): http://theicct.org/potential-savings-2030-ghg-reduction-target-eu. Given that the estimates are based on limited reseach, it should be possible for the Commission to review the numbers only downwards in the period up to 2025 PE604.535v01-00 28/28 PA\1124564.docx