Dr. Pierrot S. Attidekou RA Newcastle University

Dr. Pierrot S. Attidekou RA Newcastle University

Research collaboration between 2 schools: CEAM & EEE School of Chemical Engineering and Advance Materials School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Research on LiB s technology and safety.

Electrochemical System for Energy & storage Lithium ion batteries (LiB) Lithium Air, lithium sulfur batteries Fuel Cell (PEMFC), etc. Catalyst materials for energy and water treatment (Ozone generation)

Non destructive testing techniques. Dramatic decrease in testing time. Diagnose State of Health (SoH) Fault analysis and prediction. LiB s Lifetime assessment and prediction. Simulation

As a result: we have developed rapid electronic system for quality control of LiB s on production line. Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Non destructive, real-time test platform for detecting viable, or non viable, lithium battery: typically in < 1 min. Use of EIS Processing algorithms for detecting non viable cells. Configurable for non-specific cell manufacturer technology. (no need to know chemistry IP/ confidentiality) Modelling and characterisation of cells for potential fault diagnosis

Ewe/V I/mA 4.2 4 Voltage profile 40,000 3.8 20,000 3.6 3.4 Current profile 0-20,000 3.2-40,000 3-60,000 2.8-80,000 0 50,000 100,000 time/s 1 2 3 1) Cycling; 2) Dynamic Stress Test (DST); 3) Pulse discharge

dq/dv (mah / V) GITT inspired graph (discharge) 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 Initial Capacity fade after 200 cycles After 200 cycles Plot 14 Plot 15 50 0 4200 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 Voltage (mv)

-Im(Z)/Ohm 0.0015 0.001 0.0005 Before After 0-0.0005-0.001 [Red] @ 100% SOC [Blue] @ 80% SOC -0.0015 0 0.002 Re(Z)/Ohm 0.004 0.006

-Im(Z)/Ohm 0.001 0.0008 0.0006 Simulation O Experimental data 0.0004 0.0002 0 Fit @99.5% χ 2 = 4.515x10-9 Δ Z (%) = 0.5% 0% SOC -0.0002 0.001 0.002 Re(Z)/Ohm 0.003

log ( Z /Ohm) Phase(Z)/deg -2.6 30-2.65 20-2.7 10-2.75 0-2.8-10 -2.85-1 0 log (freq/hz) 1-20

Log(τ /s) 0-2 0 20 40 60 80 100-4 -6-8 -10 SOC [%] (-O-) battery 1 (-Δ- ) battery 2 τ = RC = (RQ) 1/n

τ = RC = (RQ) 1/n : first estimation of battery dynamic behaviour C dl = τ / R ct (C dl is the double layer capacitance and R ct is the charge transfer resistance) Larger τ, the slower the voltage changes Smaller τ, the faster the voltage changes The variation of the minimum of τ vs SOC is related to ageing.

Investigate new materials/systems for better capacity, energy storage and safety Batteries manufacturers Cars manufacturers R&D collaborative Projects

A study of 40Ah lithium ion batteries at zero percent state of charge as function of temperature. Pierrot S. Attidekou 1, Simon Lambert 2, Matthew Armstrong 2, James Widmer 2, Keith Scott 1, Paul A. Christensen 1. J. Power Sources 269 (2014) 694 703. Analysis of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Mamlouk M, Scott K. Electrochimica Acta 2011, 56(16), 5493-5512. Modelling the Micro-Macro Homogeneous Cycling Behaviour of a Lithium-Air Battery. Ukrit Sahapatsombut; Hua Cheng, Keith Scott. J Power Sources 227 (2013) 243-253. Performance of MnO 2 Crystallographic Phases in Rechargeable Lithium-Air Oxygen Cathode Oloniyo, Olubukun; Kumar, Senthil; Scott, Keith. J of Electronic Materials Volume: 41 Issue: 5 Pages: 921-927 Selection of oxygen reduction catalysts for rechargeable lithium-air batteries- Metal or oxide. Cheng, H.; Scott, K. Applied Catalysis Environmental Volume: 108 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 140-151

The ELIBAMA project is granted by the European Commission under the Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials & new production technologies (NMP) Theme of the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development.