Edgar Sée, RATP Group, Paris line 4 automation Project director Automation in urban public transportation N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 6
CONTENTS WHAT IS CBTC? BENEFITS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS AUTOMATION : RATP s ACHIEVEMENTS TRENDS AND EVOLUTION OF AUTOMATION IN THE WORLD THE USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR SIGNALLING SYSTEMS 2
1 WHAT IS CBTC? 3
1 WHAT IS CBTC? Communication Based Train Control Systems The new market standard for signaling systems Most often using radio frequencies for train to track communication Vital speed profile computed by the vital on-board unit Safety limit fixed by the vital zone computing unit Vital On-board Unit Transmits train position Radiofrequency real-time & bidirectional communication Vital On-board Unit Transmits train position Sends Movement Authority Limit to trains Vital Zone Computing Unit Interlocking 3 4
2 ADVANTAGES OF THE AUTOMATED METRO 5
2 ADVANTAGES of Automated metro Levels of automation GOA1 GOA2 GOA3 GOA4 6
2 ADVANTAGES of Automated metro 4 kinds of improvement Automated system has many benefits. Better Safety (GoA2, GoA3, GoA4) Better socio-economic performance (GoA4) Better functional performance (GoA2, GOA3, GoA4) Better environmental performance 7
2 ADVANTAGES of Automated metro Better safety HUMAN FACTOR Compared error rates Human operator: 10-3/h (10-4/h if well trained) Automated system : <10-9/h 0 accidents No accident on automated line in Paris. CONTINUOUS CONTROL Signal passed at danger or overspeed are anticipated controlled And leads to emergency stopping of the train WARNING : The maintaining of drivers competences, which are needed during rare automated system breakdowns, is a major challenge. Losing the barriers between the responsibility of the automatic pilot and the driver can prove to be disastrous. TRACK/PLATFORM INTERFACE Platform screen doors prevent technical incidents and accidents 8
2 ADVANTAGES of Automated metro Better OPEX ADDITIONAL COSTS Maintenance of new functions and equipment Film circulation trains (L1) DIRECT SAVINGS Less staff to operate Less maintenance on trains (less traction / braking commutations for instance) Energy savings OTHER SAVINGS Increased ridership Better service : less delay-related economic losses No more passenger accidents Return on investment within 15 years 9
2 ADVANTAGES of Automated metro Functional performance CAPACITY Reduces headway Line 1 and 14 can reach a headway of 85 seconds No more driver cabin (GoA4) : better train capacity ADAPTABILITY Possibility to add more trains instantaneously RELIABILITY Coasting and dwelling times are precisely controlled RESILIENCE After an incident, back to normal within minutes 100% peakperiode passages (+8% / L1 before automation) Reduced marginal cost of operation (enables to increase the service off peak for instance) + 30% capacity For Paris line 1 when converted to GoA4. Headway of 100s all day long on line 1 during heavy maintenance work on line A during summer 10
3 AUTOMATION RATP s ACHIEVEMENTS 11
3 ACHIEVEMENTS RATP s first times Automated metro is the result of a long story of innovation that began in the 50 s. 1 st ATO exp. m Network Line a Line 14 Line 1 Lines 3, 5, 9 1 st OCC World 1 st First safety critical computerized World 1 st GOA4 large capacity metro World 1 st automation of an existing line without 90% of metro network is GOA2 system major traffic disruptions 1 st new generation GOA2 lines, with CAB-Signal (5,9) 12
3 ACHIEVEMENTS Line 1 automation Built in 1900, Line 1 is the oldest, fastest and busiest line in the Paris metro network. A 100-YEAR OLD LINE Double challenge Automation of a 100-year old line without major traffic disruption NO TRAFFIC INTERRUPTION A PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED IN 2012 13
3 IN PROGRESS Line 4 automation LINE 4 MAIN FEATURES North/south backbone of the Paris metro 14 km, 29 stations Connected to ALL metro lines (13) and suburban lines (5) Sudden peaks in traffic demand Touristic areas, 3 major railway stations (TGV) 1 st heaviest traffic after line extension : 700 000 passengers per day 14
3 IN PROGRESS Line 4 automation NEW ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF AUTOMATED ROLLING STOCK LINE EXTENSION IN PARALLEL RECENT OPERATING CONTROL CENTRE SENSITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED SCHEDULE 15
3 IN PROGRESS Line 4 automation A SOCIAL PROJECT Retraining some of the drivers to new high skilled jobs Benefits of operating an entire network The new line management organisation should be inspired by lines 14 and 1, which proved to be a success. 16
4 TRENDS AND EVOLUTION OF AUTOMATION IN THE WORLD data from Observatory of automated metro 17
PIONEERS: 1980-90 99 km 1981 1982 1983 1985 1986 1987 1989 Vancouver Detroit New York Jacksonville Miami Lille Kobe Osaka Yokohama
EARLY ADOPTERS: 1990-2000 213 km 1991 1992 1993 1995 1998 1999 Vancouver Detroit New York Jacksonville Miami Paris Toulouse Lille Lyon Kobe Osaka Tokyo Yokohama Kuala Lumpur Singapore
A PROVEN REALITY: 2000-2010 450 km 2002 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Vancouver Las Vegas Detroit New York Jacksonville Miami Copenhagen Paris Toulouse Lille Rennes Lyon Barcelona Torino Lausanne Dubai Kobe Tokyo Yokohama Hong Kong Nagoya Osaka Taipei Kuala Lumpur Singapore
A PROVEN REALITY: 2010-TODAY 850 km 56 lines 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 Vancouver Las Vegas Detroit New York Jacksonville Miami Copenhagen Paris Toulouse Lille Rennes Milano Nüremberg Lyon Brescia Lausanne Budapest Barcelona Torino Rome Dubai Uijeongbu Yongin Seoul Kobe Tokyo Busan Daegu Yokohama Hong Kong Nagoya Osaka Taipei Kuala Lumpur Singapore São Paulo
FUTURE: GROWTH Exponential growth! relative to previous decade
5 WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL BARRIERS OR CHALLENGES TO METRO AUTOMATION 23
5 POTENTIAL BARRIERS or CHALLENGES In case of modernisation, Difficulty to secure the necessary funding in a context of economic «restrain» Modernisation projects are less attractive to political decision makers («inauguration» factor, potential impact on service) Complex project design and execution: strong engineering competence required 24
5 POTENTIAL BARRIERS or CHALLENGES CBTC : Conflicting frequencies bandwidths allocation with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Several EU countries already use radio communication systems in the 5,9 GHz range All on a limited duration licensing scheme Strong lobbying of ITS but the good news is CBTC will reintegrated in the ETSI scope 25
Metro automation is a - proven - scalable - adaptable solution that meets the needs of diverse mobility scenarios