MED-Solar: Amélioration de la connexion des systèmes photovoltaïques au réseau électrique du Liban, Jordanie et Palestine Guillermo Velasco, UPC/CEIB member guillermo.velasco@upc.edu 1
Summary MED-Solar project introduction Electrical system overview on target countries Jordan Lebanon Palestine Grid-tied, off-grid and hybrid energy systems Available solutions on market Proposed solution Conclusions 2
MED-Solar project introduction Electric energy situation on target countries Similarities Electricity production based on diesel generators High dependence on foreign countries High cost of operation Low air quality 3
MED-Solar project introduction MED-Solar project solution Reduce the use of fuel using: PV power plants Transient storage systems Increase security on power supply Reduction on operation cost Promote SMEs development Increase air quality 4
Electrical system overview Jordan (I) Data source: National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) Annual Report 2012 5
Electrical system overview Jordan (II) Electric power: Available capacity: 3.6 GW Peak load: 2.9 GW Ratio: 1.2 Electric energy production: 16.6 TWh France: 1.8 Spain: 2.4 47.9% 33.1% 3.6 Mtoe of fuel for electricity production (44.5% of total fuel consumption) 18.6% 0.4% (Wind, Biogas and Hydro) 6
Electrical system overview Jordan (III) Imported electric energy: 680 GWh (4.1%) Electric energy use: 2.1% 13.7% Domestic 17.0% 36.9% Governmental Industrial Commercial Water pumping 24.3% 6.0% Street lighting 7
Electrical system overview Jordan (IV) Electric grid structure: AC Grid: 11 kv 50 Hz 3 ph PV plant Storage Loads Distribution line 400 V / 230 V 8
Electrical system overview Lebanon (I) Data source: International Energy Agency (IEA) Lebanon Statistics 2010 9
Electrical system overview Lebanon (II) Electric power: Available capacity: 1.7 GW Peak load: 2.8 GW Power gap: 1.1 GW Power systematic cuts across the country (Between 3 and 12 hours a day) Extensive use of private diesel generators 10
Electrical system overview Lebanon (III) Electric energy: Provided: 11.5 TWh Demanded: 15.0 TWh Energy gap: 23 % Provided by private diesel generators Poor air quality (specially in summer) Estimated cost: $1.3 billion 11
Electrical system overview Lebanon (IV) Electric energy provided: 11.5 TWh 81,9% 7,3% 5,0% 5,8% Diesel Natural gas Hydro Imported 12
Electrical system overview Lebanon (V) Electric grid structure: AC Grid: 115 kv 50 Hz 3 ph PV plant Storage Distribution line 400 V / 230 V Loads Diesel generators 13
Electrical system overview Palestine (I) Data source: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Annual Energy Balance 2011 14
Electrical system overview Palestine (II) Electric energy provided: 5.2 TWh Produced 11.0% 89.0% Imported Electricity importation: Gaza Strip Israel 62.5 % Egypt 6.7 % Palestine 30.8% The West Bank Israel 97.8 % Jordan 2.2 % 15
Electrical system overview Palestine (III) Electric grid structure: AC Grid: 33 kv 50 Hz 3 ph PV plant Storage Loads Distribution line 400 V / 230 V 16
Electrical system overview Summary (I) Country Generation [TWh] Fossil fuel Electricity Imports Net metering Outages * per month Typical ** outage duration Jordan 16.6 99.6 % 4.1 % yes 0.9 0.7 h Lebanon 11.5 94.6 % 7.3 % yes Daily 7.0 h Palestine 5.2-89.0 % yes 8.7 3.7 h * Number of electrical outages in a typical month ** Duration of a typical electrical outage 17
Electrical system overview Summary (II) Components of the system under design: Generation: Electrical grid Diesel generator Battery-inverter PV-inverter Storage: Battery-rectifier Demands or Loads. 18
Energy Systems Grid-tied Utility grid PV system Loads Off-grid Diesel generator PV system Loads Storage Hybrid Energy System (HES) Utility grid PV system Loads Storage Energy system needed Utility grid Diesel generator PV system Loads Storage 19
Available solutions Summary (I) Equipment (Manufacturer) PowerRouter (Nedap) Expert (Revosolar) SP premium plus (Opti-solar) Xantrex XW (Schneider) Sunny Backup (SMA) Xtender (Studer) Sunny Island (SMA) Quattro (Victron) AC inputs Phases Parallel operation Maximum rated power (P N ) 1 1 no 5 kw 1 1 no 5 kw 1 1 no 10 kw 2 1/3 3 x phase 54 kw (9 x 6 kw) 2 1/3 4 x phase 60 kw (12 x 5 kw) 1 1/3 3 x phase 63 kw (9 x 7 kw) 1 1/3 12 x phase 216 kw (36 x 6 kw) 2 1/3 10 x phase 270 kw (30 x 9 kw) 20
Available solutions Summary (II) Integration of PV system on AC or DC bus Equipment (Manufacturer) Xantrex XW (Schneider) Sunny Backup (SMA) AC bus DC bus Xtender (Studer) Sunny Island (SMA) Quattro (Victron) 21
Available solutions Topologies (I) Based on internal switches Based on external switching box Switches controlled by inverter/charger Communication needs: Lower using internal switches Growth in power capacity: Easier using switching box 22
Available solutions Topologies (II) Based on external switching box Feed-in tariff 23
Available solutions Topologies (III) Based on external switching box Feed-in tariff Auto-consumption 24
Available solutions Topologies (IV) Based on external switching box Net metering 25
Proposed solution Premises Take full advantage of existing facilities Diesel generators, grid connections Distribution lines High modularity on integration of: PV systems Storage elements Priority loads management Solution based on commercial equipment Minimum development efforts 26
Proposed solution Topology (I) Genset controller Initial architecture: Based on grid and diesel generator 27
Proposed solution Topology (II) Grid-connected inverter Genset controller Direct PV system integration: PV penetration up to 20% (Ratio between PV peak power and genset nominal power) 28
Proposed solution Topology (III) Grid-connected inverter Genset controller Controlled PV system integration: PV penetration up to 60% (Fuel Save Controller solution provided by SMA) 29
Proposed solution Topology (IV) Grid-connected inverter Genset controller Storage system integration: Provide spinning reserve Avoid low-load genset operation 30
Proposed solution Topology (V) Grid-connected inverter Genset controller Critical and non-critical loads management (Easy extension to priority loads if needed) 31
Conclusions Topology based on Fuel Save Controller (SMA) seems a promising solution Integration of storage system seems easy and improve system features Management of multilevel priority loads can be easily implemented Correct sizing of different elements can meet the needs of all partners 32
Merci de votre attention Guillermo Velasco, UPC/CEIB member guillermo.velasco@upc.edu 33