Ved Sinha, 27-28 September 2016 Battery Energy Storage System The power to control energy
Battery Energy Storage Solutions Presentation outline Introduction to battery energy storage system Energy storage Application landscape Battery technology overview ABB offering overview Working with Renewables Energy storage and power quality ABB references and case studies
A global leader in power and automation technologies Leading market positions in main businesses ~135,000 employees $ 36 billion In revenue (2015) Present in ~100 countries Formed in 1988 merger of Swiss (BBC, 1891) and Swedish (ASEA, 1883) engineering companies september 30, 2016 Slide 3
How ABB is organized Four divisions Electrification Products Discrete Automation and Motion Process Automation Power Grids 42,000 Employees worldwide 30,000 Employees worldwide 24,000 Employees worldwide 39,000 Employees worldwide Electrification Products delivers products and systems designed to connect, protect and control electrical systems, ensuring reliability, efficiency and safety for your equipment and personnel. Discrete Automation and Motion products, systems and services help improve efficiency and reliability throughout the energy value chain. Process Automation products, systems and services help optimize operations and processes across the energy value chain. Power Grids helps improve efficiency and reliability throughout the power value chain from generation to transmission and distribution. Inc september 30, 2016 Slide 4
Energy Storage Solutions Introduction september 30, 2016 Slide 5
Challenges of the future power grid Long-term drivers for energy storage Electricity consumption on the rise Electrification of everything moving towards electricity as the primary source of power Economic and population growth will lead to increasing demand for power Coal plant retirements Reducing baseload power capacity Limited resources for ancillary services on the utility grid Growth in Renewables Governments and industry moving towards solar and wind Intermittent generation sources can reduce reliability on the electrical grid Electrification of transportation More users of EVs can increase peak loads placing more strain on the electrical grid Increase in high speed rail Proliferation of Smart Grid Technology Tax and regulatory incentives Bi-directional flow of power requires additional coordination between power supply and demand Renewable mandates and incentives increasing demand for clean grid technologies Regional energy storage incentives for ancillary services Potential tax benefits for storage systems (residential, commercial and utility) september 30, 2016 Slide 6
Energy Storage Solutions Applications september 30, 2016 Slide 7
Grid connected energy storage applications Conventional central generation Load leveling for generation utilization 10-1000 MW, 1-8h ESS Spinning reserve In case of line loss 10-500 MW, 0.25-1 h ESS Load center 20 kv Integration of renewables 1-100 MW,1-10h ESS 220 kv 220 kv 110 kv Load leveling 220 KV for postponement of grid upgrade 1-10 MW, 1-6h ESS ESS Peak shaving 0.5-10 MW, 1h Variable renewable generation 20 kv 110 kv 20 kv ring 110 kv Industry/ ESS Large commercial Frequency regulation 0.4 kv 1-50 MW, 0.25-1h Stabilization 0.1-5 MW, 5 min ESS Microgrid Solar PV time shift 1-100 kw, 2-6h ESS Residential/Small commercial september 30, 2016 Slide 8
Battery energy storage systems Application load profiles Residential loads Solar power Peak shaving Industrial loads Capacity firming Spinning reserves Power station Wind power Load leveling Frequency regulation Voltage support september 30, 2016 Slide 9
Battery energy storage systems User implementation Users Applications Industrial, commercial and residential Renewable integrators Transmission and distribution operators Power stations Peak shaving Load leveling Frequency regulation Ramp rate control / Capacity firming Power quality Spinning reserves september 30, 2016 Slide 10
Energy Storage Solutions Technology overview september 30, 2016 Slide 11
Energy storage media Various Types of Methods of Storing Energy Mechanical Thermodynamic Electromechanical Electromagnetic Gravitation Heat Batteries Flow cells Hydrogen Electric Pumped hydro Thermoelectric Lead acid Vanadium Electrolyzer and fuel cell Capacitors supercaps Kinetic Pressure NiCd ZnBr Magnetic Flywheel Compr. air (CAES) NaS PSBr Superconducting (SMES) Pressure heat NaNiCl Adiabatic CAES Lithium Ni-MH Metal air september 30, 2016 Slide 12
Battery energy storage systems Choice of technology Super capacitors Flywheels Batteries Pump storage Li-Ion NaS NiCd Flow battery Lead acid Fractions of seconds Minute Minute(s) to hour(s) Hours to days Discharge time september 30, 2016 Slide 13
Battery energy storage systems Technology comparison Technology Main advantages Main disadvantages Lead acid Li-Ion NaS Mature Lowest capital cost Readily available Long life on float service High power and energy density High voltage Good cycle life and shelf life Total energy through put increases with partial cycles Highest efficiency High energy density for large scale projects Medium cycle and calendar life Limited cycle life when deeply discharged Poor energy density Lead is toxic but recycling is efficient Initial higher investment but lower overall total lifecycle Instances of potential safety concerns due to reactions when overcharged or overheated Recycling feasible but gains limited, improvements in cells to produce higher rate on returns Low module voltage Limited viable suppliers High temperature battery (requires heating) Vanadium Redox Flow (VRF) Independent power and energy rating Potential low cost per kwh Not yet established, high cost per kw, high stand-by losses, complex monitoring systems Higher O&M requirements september 30, 2016 Slide 14
Battery energy storage systems Battery selection criteria Capacity [kwh] Output power [kw] and C-rating of batteries Number of cycles per time period Expected lifetime [years], [cycles] Discharge depth [%] Self discharge [% per month] Operation and maintenance costs Dimension of the battery installation Safety for taking into consideration electrical, mechanical and operator september 30, 2016 Slide 15
Energy Storage Solutions ABB s energy storage portfolio for residential application september 30, 2016 Slide 16
REACT-3.6/4.6-TL Storage system for residential application Battery unit Inverter unit
REACT-3.6/4.6-TL Block Diagram DC/DC DC/AC Grid Output String 1 String 2 Backup Output 3kW max Wi-Fi DC/DC load manager output relays Inverter unit BMS Battery unit
REACT-3.6/4.6-TL Inverter unit Inverter unit 3.6 4.6 Output power 3.6 kva 4.6 kva MPPT input 2 DC voltage range 90-580 V Max DC power 5 kw 6 kw Weight 27 kg 9/05/2016
REACT-3.6/4.6-TL Battery unit BATTERY UNIT Manufacturer Chemistry Capacity Charging power Panasonic Lithium ion (NMC) 2 kwh 1 kw Discharging Weight power Dimension (BxHxL) 1.8 kw 37Kg Lifetime (years) 10 490x229x740mm Lifetime (cycles) > 4500 Weight 37 kg 9/05/2016 Certified for safety by external body
EssPro Energy Storage Solutions ABB s energy storage portfolio september 30, 2016 Slide 21
ABB s Energy Storage Solution Offering Complete offering Customer Network Power Conversion System Standard Package Power Converter Vantage Controller P/Q Protection Equipment EMS SCADA MV & HV Power Equipment Optional Transformer Vantage Controller with application algorithms Power Conversion System Commissioning ~ + Balance of Plant EPIC instead of Vantage Controller LV, MV & HV Products Auxiliary Power Network Substation Designs Project Management Civil works Installation Testing Consulting Services Civil Work Project Management Installation Commissioning EPIC Controller Turnkey BESS Design/Sizing of BESS Packaged Battery Systems Site BESS Commissioning Validation and Verification Group september 30, 2016 Slide 22 ABB CONFIDENTIAL
Energy Storage Solutions Power Conversion Systems september 30, 2016 Slide 23
Power conversion system (PCS) Inverters sizes from 20 kw to 50 MW Indoor units Outdoor enclosures Outdoor system solutions september 30, 2016 Slide 24
Modular & Flexible Design Wide range of standard product offering 20 kw 300 KW power converters 100 kw 50 MW power converters Dynamic power control (P) and reactive power control (Q) Harmonic mitigation up to 50th Islanding mode and black start Individual power control (control per phase)* Load balancing (3-Phases/ 3-Phases + Neutral)* CAN communication Modularity for high-current applications Full redundancy & flexibility (independent DC busses) Group september 30, 2016 Slide 25 Dynamic power control (P) and reactive power control (Q) Generator emulation control mode Grid stabilization features (synthetic inertia and active damping) High and low-voltage ride through Islanding mode and black start
EssPro Grid Flexible and modular layouts Scalable solutions Containerized solutions and buildings Indoor solutions Coupled and decoupled solutions Including ancillary equipment Fire fighting HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) Intrusion control Auxiliary supplies AC and DC protection Power and control cables Distribution boards september 30, 2016 Slide 26 Current and voltage transformers (CT s and VT s)
EssPro TM Grid End to end architecture Storage media Power electronic conversion System level control AC Grid Grid level control Forecasting & optimization Power technology Control Smartness Group september 30, 2016 Slide 27
EssPro EPIC Electrical plant and inverter controller (EPIC) september 30, 2016 Slide 28
Service products and solutions Comprehensive service offering and support Field Service Training and Support Preventive Maintenance Service Contracts Remote Monitoring Commissioning Spare parts & repairs Installation Trouble shooting Onsite training Classroom training System audit Performance review Maintenance programs Service contract Extended warranty Life cycle services Real-Time Monitoring Remote Trouble Shooting Automatic Notifications & Alerts System trending analysis Reporting Group september 30, 2016 Slide 29
Battery Energy Storage System Working with Renewables Capacity firming mitigate fluctuations in output experienced with intermittent renewable energy Ramp rate support Grid code compliance Voltage regulation Reactive power Load shifting Reduction of generation curtailment september 30, 2016 Slide 30
Battery Energy Storage System Working with Renewables Off grid PV Generation costs of fossil-fueled plants in the French Islands compared to the Power Purchase Agreement tariffs of the CRE RFPs winning projects Generation costs can reach high values when diesel gensets are used PV + storage now reaches competitiveness with conventional generation Notes/Sources: Source: EDF SEI, 2013. CRE-ZNI prices are an estimate of the potential tariffs of the awarded projects, according to the information disclosed by the CRE september 30, 2016 Slide 31
ABB Energy Storage Experience Tehachapi Energy Storage Project, USA -2014 8 MW / 32 MWhTehachapi Storage Project Group september 30, 2016 Slide 32 Customer needs DOE Smart Grid Program, Southern California Edson Assess the capability and effectiveness of storage to support 13 operational users Project details Li-Ion Batteries Commisionned in 2014 ABB Scope 8 MW / 32MWh EssPro Vantage Controller DC Bus and Protection Circuit Breakers System Models and Simulations Commissioning, Training and Installation Supervision
Energy Storage System Power Quality september 30, 2016 Slide 33
Poor Power Quality: What is it to you? Any event related to the electrical network that makes you loose money Power supply failures e.g. breakers tripping, fuses blowing Equipment failure, malfunctioning and lifetime reduction e.g.- equipment overheating (transformers, motors, ) Damage to sensitive equipment (PCs, UPS-systems, Drives) Capacitor problems Electronic communication interference System losses Utility regulations and penalties Personnel issues (illness, work efficiency, ) Group september 30, 2016 Slide 34
Battery Energy Storage System Energy Storage Inverter Islanding Black Start Smart grid: Peak shaving, Integration of renewables Network support for: ESI Power quality: Voltage regulation Frequency regulation/ support Virtual Generator Mode Voltage balancing in neighborhood Harmonic mitigation Power range: 20kWà 2.5MW Multi communication capability: CAN Modbus TCP/RTU Flexible and modular design Reactive power generation Group Month DD, Year Slide 35
Battery Energy Storage System Energy Storage Inverter Load balancing in both 3 and 4-wire systems Designed to control power (P & Q) individually in each phase Unprecedented harmonic filtering efficiency (>97%) Reactive power compensation of both inductive and capacitive loads Dedicated control algorithms september 30, 2016 Slide 36
Battery energy storage system Scottish and Southern Energy Bracknell,UK - 2014 Year of commissioning 2014 - Electrovaya Goal of project: Study of integration of PV Fast Response Energy Storage & Delivery Improves weak networks Harmonic distortion mitigated Battery: Li-ion Power and energy rating: 36kW 12.5kWh up to 87.5kWh Features: Harmonic mitigation Phase Balancing Peak shaving Source: SSE
Battery Energy Storage System Power Quality The ESMUs have been designed to leverage multiple valuable operating modes while utilizing minimal capacity. This allows the units to achieve a good return on investment, while also allowing the units to be installed in a greater number of locations by Electrovaya Key Operations: Independent Phase Balancing for 3 Phase LV Network (4 Quadrant Operation) o Phases are operated independently, such that charging and discharging in different phases can occur simultaneously o Allows for infrastructure upgrades to be different in addition to allowing greater penetration of solar and electric vehicle charging stations along a network Frequency Response o ESMUs will be capable of responding to both charge and discharge frequency response signals Active Harmonic Mitigation o The ESMUs will be capable of a certain degree of harmonic mitigation filters. Still to be implemented. september 30, 2016 Slide 38
Energy Storage System References & case studies september 30, 2016 Slide 39
ABB s EssPro Installed Base (Full Turnkey/PCS) Worldwide experience Canada: 16 Projects 5.5 MWs UK : 4 Projects 2.5 MWs Worldwide: 83 Projects 210 MWs Europe : 9 Projects 4.4 MWs USA : 31 Projects 104 MWs Africa: 1 Project 1.8 MWs Middle East : 1 Project 200 kws Asia : 18 Projects 70 MWs Chile : 1 Project 20 MWs Australia: 2 Projects 1.8 MWs Last Updated: June 2016
Battery energy storage system Falbygdens Energi Falköping Sweden - 2011 Year of commissioning - 2011 Goal of project: Study of integration of renewable: wind turbine Study of the PCS in a real application grid Battery: Li-ion Power and energy rating: 75kW 135kWh Features: Harmonic mitigation Power factor correction Load shifting Peak shaving
ABB Energy Storage Experience Chile Angamos - 2011 Customer needs Spinning Reserve Frequency Regulation Project Details Li-Ion Batteries Installed in 2011 ABB Scope 5 x 4 MW PCS Containers 20 MW / 5MWh Each containing Inverters, circuit breakers, step up transformers, control, MV Disconnect Switch Group september 30, 2016 Slide 42
Battery energy storage system OAK Ridge USA - 2012 Year of commissioning - 2012 Goal of project: Study of integretation of renewable: solar panel Study of algorithms which optimise the network management Battery: Li-ion from GM (Volt car battery) Power and energy rating: 25kW 25kWh Features: Islanding Harmonic mitigation Power factor correction Remote communication: Modbus RTU
ABB Energy Storage Experience United States Utility Customer needs Demand Reduction PV Integration (Firming) Project Details Li-Ion Battery Supplier Installed in 2012 500 kw / 1.5MWh ABB Scope Supplied 500 kw PCS, including inverters, Circuit Breakers, isolation transformer, disconnect switch and metering cabinet Ongoing development of Control Algorithms with US Utility and University in the area. Group september 30, 2016 Slide 44
ABB Energy Storage Experience Hawaii Behind-the-meter projects - 2012 Customer needs Site #1 West Health Civic Center 100 kw / 240 kwh BESS Demand Reduction Load Shifting / PV Integration Site #2 - Koyo Bottling Company 100 kw / 240 kwh BESS Voltage Support Project Details Demand Reduction Li-ion Batteries Saft IM20E Container 100 kw / 240 kwhr Group september 30, 2016 Slide 45 Installed in 2012 ABB Scope Indoor 100kW PCS including inverters, dc contactors, ac circuit breakers, control and isolation transformer Dynamic Control Algorithms
Battery energy storage systems ABB as a partner ABB supports customers in finding the right solution We have a global offering supported by local expertise and service We provide consultancy to determine the optimum technical solution to meet the customer s needs We design the solution to maximize the value generation and return on investment for the customer ABB has an offering to meet all customer needs We offer turnkey battery energy storage facilities We offer integrated converter and battery systems We offer converter systems without batteries ABB is independent of battery technology We manufacture battery energy storage systems but not batteries Our independence lets us select the optimum battery technologies for our customers We take full responsibility for our selection september 30, 2016 Slide 46