SOLUÇÕES DE PÓS TRATAMENTO PARA REDUÇÃO DAS EMISSÕES EM APLICAÇÕES ESTACIONÁRIAS E FORA DE ESTRADA. SIMEA PDF Free Download

SOLUÇÕES DE PÓS TRATAMENTO PARA REDUÇÃO DAS EMISSÕES EM APLICAÇÕES ESTACIONÁRIAS E FORA DE ESTRADA. SIMEA 2009

AFTERTREATMENT SOLUTIONS FOR LOW EMISSION NON ROAD APPLICATIONS *Cláudio Furlan / Alan Arnhem Umicore Brasil Ltda Ralf Sesselmann Umicore AG SIMEA 2009 *claudio.furlan@am.umicore.com

Agenda Introduction Non-road Emission Standards from USA, Europe and Japan Solutions to achieve the emission standards Non-road Emission Standards in South America Solutions to reduce non-road emissions in Brazil Conclusions

Introduction Many countries implemented emission control requirements for Passenger cars and HDD, contributing to reduce the amount of toxic gaseous in the atmosphere, improving the air quality. The passenger cars and HDD contribution in the total emission amount decreased, through low emission limits, contributing to develop cleaner engines and technologies for aftertreatment solutions. Due to the emissions relevance, the Non-road regulations were adopted in United States, Europe and Japan. In Brazil, there are discussions to introduce a specific regulation in few years.

Introduction Global NRD legislation covers below vehicle categories: Construction & Mining Agriculture & Forestry Loco & Rail Inland Boats > 20/24m Mat. Handling & others

Non-road Emission Standards from USA, Europe and Japan

Non-road Emission Standards from Europe

Non-road Emission Standards from USA

Non-road Emission Standards from Japan

ISO 8178 Cycle C1 Cycle: i.e. Agricultural Machinery

Non-road Harmonized Transient Cycle

Non-road Emission Standards Operation cycles

Solutions to achieve the Emission Standards Euro Stage I / US Tier 1 Engine Design. EU Stage II and III, US Tier 2 and 3, Japanese Stage 1 and 2 Improve the engine design applying electronic engine and fuel management control. low tech engine with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) on the exhaust pipe. The US Tier 4 and EU stage III B and IV Requires more than an advanced engine. The combination of engine solutions, aftertreatment solutions and low sulphur fuel will generate the conditions to fulfill the legislation limits.

In Cylinder Solutions Some of the engines applied on the Non-road market are the same families from on road vehicles. The technology transfer is a reality, since similar legislation levels were applied some years ago in vehicular applications. The engine technologies available below should be applied: High pressure fuel system with Common Rail or EUI / EUP Injection time with more flexibility EGR Swirl optimization

Aftertreatment Solutions Considering EU Stage III B and Tier 3, the application of CDPF is necessary to achieve the low PM value (90% < than previous stage). The type of regeneration should be the passive. For some applications, the SCR system with Adblue injection is a possibility. In the EU Stage IV and US Tier 4, the aftertreatment system predicted includes a DOC, a CDPF and a SCR. This combination is very similar to the US 010 and EU VI vehicular HDD legislation. In order to manage this complexity, the catalyst technology and formulation is the key to optimize the system.

Aftertreatment Development Strategy

Aftertreatment Optimization

Aftertreatment Technology Evolution

Aftertreatment Optimization

Fuel Requirements For US Tier 3 and EU Stage III is recommended sulphur level below 500 ppm on the diesel. Although the systems can survive with higher sulphur, the emissions levels should not be achieved. For US Tier 4 and EU Stage IIIB / IV, low sulphur fuel (below 15ppm) is a must. Also important is the Adblue infrastructure and distribution plan.

Non-road Emission Standards in South America The Non-road Emission Regulation was not published yet in any Country of the South America. Should be expected that Brazil and Chile could be the first countries in the region to begin this control. In Brazil because of the amount of machinery sold every year and Chile because of the plan to reduce the pollution in Santiago area. There are other laws focus in Power Plants or control over polluted Industrial areas, that requires emission control over new or used machinery, related to the application and local where the equipment is operating.

Challenges for voluntary emissions reduction Some companies are focus in reduce the emission to fulfill internal rules or to demonstrate environmental friend initiative. The requirements can be based in a perception of pollution (black smoke) or measured by portable detectors. The catalyst technology is available and the customers have their own teams for maintenance. However, there are many challenges to make feasible the projects. The amount of engines are small, higher cost of development per unit. The level of sulphur on the fuel doesn t allow sophisticated and more efficient systems, making feasible catalysts with low precious metals loading. Most of the engines are from different generations, which are not appropriate to receive a particulate filter, necessary to reduce the PM emission (black smoke perceived by the community).

Solutions to reduce non-road emissions in Brazil There are initiatives to introduce Non-road legislation in Brazil. These discussions are based on the European Legislation, applying the stage III in the first moment. The stage IIIB should be introduced in the second step. There s no indication that the Diesel with low sulphur level will be available. The EU stage IIIB requires PM max. of 0.025 g/kwh, which makes appropriate the use of CDPF (Coated Diesel Particulate Filter). The Eu Stage IIIA, can be achieved replacing old generation engines by new versions with electronic fuel control or keeping the old engine, with high amount of HC, that can be easily oxidized adding a DOC. The SOF (soluble organic fraction) will be also oxidized, reducing the PM weight.

Solutions to reduce non-road emissions in Brazil Some DOCs can be applied even with high sulphur diesel (specific formulation), which makes possible the implementation for the current engines, even before the emission regulations implementation. On the agricultural machinery could be explored the possibility of the Biodiesel mixtures above 5%, like the B-20, as a specified fuel for this application, to be considered during the system development. For some applications, the SCR based on ad blue should be a reality (i.e. boats, machinery installation).

Conclusions (1) The Non Road emissions regulation is already implemented in Europe, USA and Japan. The Euro Stage IV and US Tier 4 will require complex systems, when the cost benefit depends on the design and the tools for catalyst formulation development.

Conclusions (2) For South America there s no specific regulation released. Regulations for polluted industrial area requires emission reduction in some installations (including power generators / fork lifts). The voluntary emission control is increasing in Brazil with challenges to reduce the emissions. There are discussions to implement the emission control in Brazil. The sulphur level has to be considered for the phase when the particulate filter becomes a solution. For some DOC applications, low sulphur fuel is not a must. The same is valid for SCR only solutions.

Thank You!